Developments in non-conventional machining for sustainable production - a state of art review

Abstract

An Effectual Analysis on Green Business: An Holistic Approach for Transformation of the Economy

In this age of environmental concern individuals are outwardly interested in the healthy state of their surroundings. As population increases and we become more connected with our environment and each other through global communication, commerce and transportation, that interest also increases. Our desire for a clean environment represents a powerful sense of destiny and hope for the future. Everywhere you turn; people are looking for ways to reduce their environmental footprint and act greener - not just at home, office but in the business as well. Going for green business practices reflects a social consciousness around protecting the earth’s natural resources, preserving them and ensuring optimum utilization. This research paper presents the detailed study on the concept of green business practices which are essential for improving environmental condition in a profitable manner. Green business practices encourage business activities which are beneficial for the environment and help in achieving environmental effectiveness. This paper primarily focuses on role of green business towards environment through various business practices and secondly, it explains numerous ways for green business development. The main objective of the paper is to explore the growing importance of green business practices among companies/firms across the world

An Unusual Association of Aplasia Cutis Congenita with Twin Pregnancy and Maternal Varicella Case Report

We report an unusual case of aplasia cutis congenita associated with twin pregnancy and maternal varicella in first trimester, occurring over the extremity of one of the twin while other twin was perfectly normal

Traumatic Spondylopelvic Dissociation: A Report of Two Cases of Spondylolisthesis at L5-S1 and Review of Literature.

Study Design Retrospective chart review and review of literature. Objective Few case reports of traumatic L5-S1 displacement have been presented in the literature. Here we present two cases of traumatic spondylolisthesis showing both anterior and posterior displacement, the treatment algorithm, and a review of the literature. Methods The authors conducted a retrospective review of representative patients and a literature review of traumatic spondylolisthesis at the L5-S1 junction. Two representative patients were identified with traumatic spondylolisthesis: one with an anterior dissociation, and the other with a posterior dissociation. Results Radiographic, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging illustrated the bony and soft tissue injury found in each patient, as well as the final stabilization and outcomes. Operative stabilization was necessary, and both patients were treated with open reduction internal fixation. The patient with posterior dissociation had complete recovery without neurologic sequelae. The patient with anterior dissociation had persistent bilateral L5-S1 radiculopathy with intact rectal tone, due to neurologic compression. Conclusions Few cases of traumatic spondylopelvic dissociation that are isolated to the L5-S1 disk space are described in the literature. We examined both an anterior and a posterior dissociation and treated both with L5-S1 posterior spinal fusion. The patient with anterior dissociation had persistent L5-S1 root injury; however, the patient with posterior dissociation had no neurologic deficits. This is the opposite of what is expected based on anatomy. These cases offer insight into the management of anterior and posterior L5-S1 spondylopelvic dissociation

Classifying complications: Assessing adult spinal deformity 2-year surgical outcomes

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of prospective database. OBJECTIVE: Complication rates for adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery vary widely because there is no accepted system for categorization. Our objective was to identify the impact of complication occurrence, minor-major complication, and Clavien-Dindo complication classification (Cc) on clinical variables and patient-reported outcomes. METHODS: Complications in surgical ASD patients with complete baseline and 2-year data were considered intraoperatively, perioperatively (\u3c6 weeks), and postoperatively (\u3e6 weeks). Primary outcome measures were complication timing and severity according to 3 scales: complication presence (yes/no), minor-major, and Cc score. Secondary outcomes were surgical outcomes (estimated blood loss [EBL], length of stay [LOS], reoperation) and health-related quality of life (HRQL) scores. Univariate analyses determined complication presence, type, and Cc grade impact on operative variables and on HRQL scores. RESULTS: Of 167 patients, 30.5% (n = 51) had intraoperative, 48.5% (n = 81) had perioperative, and 58.7% (n = 98) had postoperative complications. Major intraoperative complications were associated with increased EBL ( CONCLUSION: The Cc Scale was most useful in predicting changes in patient outcomes; at 2 years, patients with raised perioperative Cc scores and postoperative complications saw reduced HRQL improvement. Intraoperative and perioperative complications were associated with worse short-term surgical and inpatient outcomes

Comparison of best versus worst clinical outcomes for adult cervical deformity surgery

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Objective: Factors that predict outcomes for adult cervical spine deformity (ACSD) have not been well defined. To compare ACSD patients with best versus worst outcomes. Methods: This study was based on a prospective, multicenter observational ACSD cohort. Best versus worst outcomes were compared based on Neck Disability Index (NDI), Neck Pain Numeric Rating Scale (NP-NRS), and modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) scores. Results: Of 111 patients, 80 (72%) had minimum 1-year follow-up. For NDI, compared with best outcome patients (n = 28), worst outcome patients (n = 32) were more likely to have had a major complication ( Conclusions: Factors distinguishing best and worst ACSD surgery outcomes included patient, surgical, and radiographic factors. These findings suggest areas that may warrant greater awareness to optimize patient counseling and outcomes

Neurological manifestations in speech after snake bite: a rare case

The patient was admitted after reporting a snake bite from which he later developed neurological signs and symptoms among which a flaccid dysarthria. The patient underwent speech therapy and showed significant improvement over a short period of time. The favorable outcome of the present study highlights the role of speech therapy in such a case, where it often remains un-emphasized

Laminoplasty Techniques for the Treatment of Multilevel Cervical Stenosis

Laminoplasty is one surgical option for cervical spondylotic myelopathy. It was developed to avoid the significant risk of complications associated with alternative surgical options such as anterior decompression and fusion and laminectomy with or without posterior fusion. Various laminoplasty techniques have been described. All of these variations are designed to reposition the laminae and expand the spinal canal while retaining the dorsal elements to protect the dura from scar formation and to preserve postoperative cervical stability and alignment. With the right surgical indications, reliable results can be expected with laminoplasty in treating patients with multilevel cervical myelopathy

Comparison of cell disruption methods for improving lipid extraction from thraustochytrid strains

Lipid extraction is an integral part of biodiesel production, as it facilitates the release of fatty acids from algal cells. To utilise thraustochytrids as a potential source for lipid production. We evaluated the extraction efficiency of various solvents and solvent combinations for lipid extraction from Schizochytrium sp. S31 and Thraustochytrium sp. AMCQS5-5. The maximum lipid extraction yield was 22% using a chloroform:methanol ratio of 2:1. We compared various cell disruption methods to improve lipid extraction yields, including grinding with liquid nitrogen, bead vortexing, osmotic shock, water bath, sonication and shake mill. The highest lipid extraction yields were obtained using osmotic shock and 48.7% from Schizochytrium sp. S31 and 29.1% from Thraustochytrium sp. AMCQS5-5. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid contents were more than 60% in Schizochytrium sp. S31 which suggests their suitability for biodiesel production

Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Subclinical Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism is an uncommon cause of ascites. Here we describe a case of a 75 year-old female patient with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and subclinical hypothyroidism that resolved with thyroid replacement and antibiotic therapy respectively. Ascitic fluid analysis revealed a gram-positive bacterium on gram staining. A review of the literature revealed just one other reported case of myxoedema ascites with concomitant spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and no case has till been reported of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in subclinical hypothyroidism