Monitoring and control of particulate matter in indoor air: A review

The review discusses the sources and concentrations of particulate matter in different microenvironments, their effect on human health, monitoring and their possible control measures particularly in office and residential buildings. Effect of various ventilation strategies on particulate concentration in air has been discussed. The calculations suggest that if the outdoor particle concentration is not more than 5-10 times the indoor particle generation rate, ventilation could be a very effective tool to control the indoor particle concentration. For coarse particles the choice of ventilation strategy is not very crucial, but for fine particulate slow rate of ventilation is more effective

Neural Network Based Epileptic EEG Detection and Classification

Timely diagnosis is important for saving the life of epileptic patients. In past few years, a lot of treatment are available for epilepsy. These treatments involve use of medicines. But these are not effective in controlling frequency of seizure. There is need of removal of affected region using surgery. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a widely used technique for monitoring the brain activity and widely popular for seizure region detection. It is used before surgery for locating affected region. This manual process using EEG graphs is time consuming and requires deep expertise. In the present paper, a model has been proposed that preserves the true nature of EEG signal in form of textual one dimensional vector. The proposed model achieves a state of art performance for Bonn University dataset giving an average sensitivity, specificity of 81% and 81.4% respectively for classification among all five classes. Also for binary classification achieving 99.9%, 99.5% score value for specificity and sensitivity instead of 2D models used by other researchers. Thus developed system will significantly help neurosurgeons in increasing their performance

Study of intrauterine fetal death cases in a tertiary care center

Background: The death of a fetus is a tragic event not only for the parents but also a great cause of stress for the caregiver. It is thus vital to identify specific probable causes of fetal death to determine the risk of recurrence, prevention or corrective action.Methods: This retrospective observational study was carried out in department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Jhalawar Medical College, Jhalawar, from July 2019 to October 2019. Intrauterine fetal death was confirmed either with ultrasound or on clinical examination. The details of complaints, obstetrics history, examination findings, mode of delivery, fetal outcomes and investigation reports were recorded.Results: A total of 114 intrauterine fetal deaths were reported amongst 2982 deliveries conducted during the study period. The incidence rate of IUFD was 38.22/1000 live births. 85.96% deliveries were unbooked. 59.64% belonged to rural population. 59.64% fetal deaths occurred in women between 20 to 25 years of age. 45.61% women were primigravida. 41.2% IUFD occurred between 26 to 31 weeks of gestation. Among the identifiable cause’s hypertensive disorders (23.68) and placental causes (19.29%) were most common.Conclusions: Unexplained causes, PIH and abruptio placentae were major causes of IUFD. Majority of fetal wastage can be prevented with universal and improved antenatal care

Lomiphene citrate versus letrozole as first line ovulation induction drug in infertile anovulatory polycystic ovarian syndrome women: a prospective randomized controlled trial

Background: The present study was design to compare letrozole (5 mg) and clomiphene citrate (100 mg) as first line ovulation induction drug in infertile anovulatory polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) women.Methods: This prospective randomized clinical trial included 60 cases of PCOS with anovulatory infertility. The first group comprised of 30 patients who received 5 mg letrozole daily and the second group received 100 mg clomiphene citrate daily for 5 days starting on day 2-5 of menses. Both the groups were followed by ultrasound for follicle monitoring, ovulation and endometrial thickness. When dominant follicle reaches a diameter of more than or equal to 18mm and endometrial thickness ≥7.5 mm, human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) 5,000 IU was given intramuscularly and timed intercourse was advised. Main outcome measures were occurrence of ovulation, endometrial thickness and pregnancy rates.Results: The mean age, body mass index, and number of cases of primary and secondary infertility in both the groups showed no statistically significant difference. Multi-follicular development during induction was statistically significantly greater in the clomiphene group (1.27±1.11 versus 2.03±1.65; p=0.041). Ovulation occurred in 24 subjects (80%) in letrozole group and 18 subjects (60%) in the clomiphene group, with a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p=0.024). Pregnancy occurred in 16 subjects (53.33%) in letrozole group and 7 subjects (23.33%) in clomiphene group, which shows statistically significant difference between the two groups (p=0.048).Conclusions: Though number of developing follicles was found statistically significant with clomiphene citrate but ovulation rate and pregnancy rate were higher with letrozole group. Therefore, letrozole is a safe and better alternative for ovulation induction in patients of anovulatory PCOS, and it may be considered as a first line treatment for ovulation induction in these patients.

Various Challenges and Security Threats in Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is an assimilation and on demand delivery of various information technology resources and services. The process is built to initiate real-time actions and responses for the enormous multi-dimensional data generated by websites, devices, applications and other sources. The cloud computing provides cost saving, flexibility, mobility to the clients along with disaster recovery and loss prevention providing sustainability and competitive edge without letting them to shell out for the requisite infrastructure, installation and manpower to achieve and maintain such hi-tech infrastructure. Maximizing the quality and quantity of service and resources besides limiting the infrastructural cost are important necessities for this technology. Cloud computing has transformed the way many organizations use and share data and applications over Internet by efficient distribution and utilization of their resources and services. With so much data going into the cloud, particularly into public cloud services, these resources have become susceptible to various security threats and challenges. In this paper we have discussed some of the critical security concerns that prevent the adoptability of cloud computing

Pierre Robin syndrome: a case report

Pierre Robin syndrome is characterized by micrognathia, glossoptosis and palatal malformation. We report a case of a 6 day neonate who presented with complaints of feeding and respiratory difficulty and was later diagnosed as case of Pierre Robin syndrome

EFFECT OF SELECTED HEAVY METALS (LEAD AND ZINC) ON SEEDLING GROWTH OF SOYBEAN GLYCINE MAX (L.) MERR

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of both zinc (250, 500, 750, 1000 and 1250 mg/kg) and lead (200, 400, 600, 800, 1000 mg/kg) as zinc sulphate and lead acetate respectively on 7days seedling of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)Methods: To investigate morphological growth parameters seedlings were cut at the root-shoot junction and the length of their root and shoot was measured with a metric scale and expressed in centimetre's. The fresh weight of seedling samples was recorded on an analytical balance and expressed in gram per seedling. Later, seedlings were dried in an oven at 80o C for 24 h to get constant dry weight. After 24 h the dry weight was recorded.Results: The study revealed that elevated dose of lead concentrations reduces the growth parameter as compared to control. Lead concentrations of 1000 mg/kg significantly decreased the percentage of germination and root length. However, at low levels of zinc (250 and 500 mg/kg) showed increased germination percentage and also increase root length shoot length. But at high levels (750–1250 mg/kg) showed a detrimental effect on the growth parameter and germination.Conclusion: Consequently, higher concentrations of heavy metals had an increased inhibitory effect on seed germination percentage, root length, shoot length, tolerance index, fresh weight and dry weight of soybean seedlings, but the low concentration of zinc can be applied for increasing the growth and yield of soybean plants

Neural Network based Statcom for Grid Connected wind Generator

Due to the increasing demand and restriction in building of the new lines complex modern power system presents serious challenges regarding stability of power system. Transient stability is also known as main source of the system insecurity. Because of that in the event of faults and disturbances it has to be maintained for power systems stable operation. In earlier power system to improve the transient stability supplementary controllers are used. These supplementary controllers are the shunt FACT devices like STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator) and SVC (Static VAR Compensator). Thesis suggests an application regarding NN (Neural Network). NN determines controller signal of STATCOM for grid active power and reactive power hence this improves stability of power system. Suggested controller is tested on 3-bus 2-machine system. The parameters like terminal voltage of buses, active power transmission line and reactive power of the system. The results which obtained are compared with the FLC system, Neural Network (NN). This proved that the Neural Network STATCOM gives better power result compare to that of STATCOM with FLC system. The effectiveness is verified by the Mat Lab/Simulink Software

Audit of fresh frozen plasma usage, prospective study: a report from department of immunohematology and transfusion medicine, government medical college Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Background: Fresh frozen plasma is commonly used in tertiary care hospitals. These are used to manage conditions such as coagulation derangements. Unnecessary use of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) is known to increase the risk of side effects in plasma transfusing patients like anaphylaxis, transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI) and risk of transfusion transmitted infections etc. So judicious use of plasma is extremely important where its benefits outweigh its potential risks.Methods: Prospective observational study conducted over a period of six month. The following data were collected; provisional clinical diagnosis, indication of FFP’S, coagulation profile and gender of the patients. We evaluated all FFP transfusions, classified them as appropriate or inappropriate according to fresh frozen plasma transfusion guidelines of Directorate general of health services (DGHS).Results: A total of 808 FFP units were issued (474 units to males and 334 units to females) over a period of 6 months. Out of these, 15% (122 units) of  FFP’s were issued to intensive care unit (ICU) patients, 12.87% (104 units) to paediatrics ward, 12.25%  (99 units) to emergency ward which include patients with upper GI bleed and lower GI bleed , 6.8% (55 units) to obstetrics patients, 6.18% (50 units) to orthopaedics, 4.45% (36 units)  to road traffic accident patients, 4.20% (34 units) to Hepatic failure patients, 3.09% (25 units) to Cardiothoracic and vascular surgery (CTVS), 2.97% (24 units) to oncology patients, 2.47% (20 units) to snake bite patients, 1.23 % (10 units) to dengue patients, 1.11% (9 units)  to Haemophilia  patients, 27.38% units were issued to the patients were indication for FFP transfusion was not known.Conclusions: study showed that 66.44% were appropriate and 33.56% were inappropriate use of FFP’s in patients. This highlights the pitfalls in use of FFP among clinicians and for that matter there is need of awareness and understanding the transfusion medicine by clinicians