Goat’s Milk (GM), a Booster to Human Immune System against Diseases

Milk is clean lacteal secretion from mammalians shortly after parturition. GM is taken as a complete meal in human diet. GM is the only milk from milching species that possess possibility of substituting human milk. Availability of A2 casein in GM make it comparable to human milk in terms of protein. The most vulnerable ones are infants, aged people and pregnant women as their immune system could answer at any time if extra supplement is not administered. In this case, GM is only option that is highly compatible and nutritious nourishing food naturally. It has been used in curing respiratory problems, diarrhoea, colic, gastrointestinal disturbances etc. Feeding GM enhances production of immunoglobulin, beneficial gut microbiota, phagocytosis activities. Presence of inherent antibodies suits GM for using it in curing Tuberculosis. It contains every needed nutrient in higher amount as compared to milk from other animals. Per servings it has 13% more Calcium, 47% more vitamin A than Cow’s milk. It is filled with most of the trace minerals. Selenium, an immune system enhancer provides anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory protection via inhibition of bacterial growth. Chlorine and Fluorine acts as natural germicides. GM contain good source of Potassium which is crucial for maintainance of blood pressure and functioning of heart, it protects against arteriosclerosis. GM not only reduces the level of total cholesterol due to presence of Medium Chain Triglycerides but also improve mineralisation of skeleton and haemoglobin level. GM consists huge source of biorganic sodium, the absence of which results in arthritis. People who are lactose intolerant even can consume GM as it has low lactose content and for those who finds its smell and taste unusual, there is option of fortification. Because of easily digestible and readily bioavailable nature its consumption has been increased

Breakup of 42 MeV <SUP>7</SUP>Li projectiles in the fields of <SUP>12</SUP>C and <SUP>197</SUP>Au nuclei

Inclusive cross sections of a particles and tritons from the breakup of 42 MeV 7Li by 12C and 197Au targets are presented and analysed in the framework of the Serber model. Spectral distortions due to the targets and relevant reaction mechanisms are discussed

Removal of Orange II dye from aqueous solution by adsorption and photodegradation with visible light in presence of nitrogen doped titania nanocatalyst

34-41<span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN" lang="EN-GB">The possibility of treating water spiked with an azo dye, Orange II by adsorption and photo-catalytic decolourisation with nitrogen doped TiO2 has been investigated. <span style="font-size:9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt" lang="EN-GB">The prepared material has been characterised by XRD, BET, TEM, DRS and XPS study. The photocatalytic reaction is carried out after the attainment of adsorption equilibrium between N-TiO2 and dye. The batch process is chosen to adsorb the dye under different experimental conditions. The photocatalyst dose, initial dye concentration and solution pH have been found to influence both the processes. <span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:Slimbach-Medium; color:#231F20;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN" lang="EN-GB">The percentage decoulorisation increases from 73.42% to 91.32% on increasing the N-TiO2 dose 0.25 to 1.25 g L-1. However, further increase of the catalyst dose to 1.50 <span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN" lang="EN-GB">g L-1 decreases the extent of decoulorisation (88.29 %). The lower dye concentration favour decolourisation (decreases from 84.24 to 75.43% for dye concentration of 18.0 to 36.0 µmol L-1). At pH 2.0, N-TiO2 decolourises almost 84% of the dye within 240 min of irradiation time. COD results reveal ~91% mineralisation of the dye on 360 min of irradiation. The percentage decolourisation of the dye is found to be higher with N-TiO2 compared to TiO2 P25. The adsorption process follow the Lagergren first order model while the decolourisation process follow modified Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. <span style="font-size:9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN" lang="EN-GB"> </span

Photocatalytic decolourisation of a toxic dye, Acid Blue 25, with graphene based N-doped titania

1293-1301This study investigates adsorption of Acid Blue 25 dye and photocatalytic decolourisation with graphene based nitrogen doped TiO2. The prepared material has been characterised by XRD, BET, DRS, PL, TEM and XPS study. The photocatalytic reaction was carried out after the attainment of adsorption equilibrium between graphene based nitrogen doped TiO2 and dye. The photocatalyst dose, initial dye concentration and solution pH are found to influence both the processes. The percentage decolourisation increases on increase of amount of catalyst from 95.57% (load: 0.125 g L-1) to 99.91% (load: 0.75 g L-1). However, further increase of the catalyst dose to 1.25 g L-1 leads to decrease in the extent of decolourisation. The decolourisation is favoured by lower dye concentration. The solution pH influences the reaction process and at pH 3.0, the material can decolourise almost 99% of the dye within 180 min of irradiation time. COD results reveal ~99% mineralisation of the dye on 420 min of irradiation. The percentage decolourisation of the dye is higher with graphene based nitrogen doped TiO2 as compared to NTiO2 or TiO2 P25. The adsorption interaction follows the Lagergren first order model and modified Langmuir-Hinselwood model is preferably followed by dye decolourisation

Opening Aladdin’s cave : unpacking the factors impacting on small businesses

For the past four decades, governments, researchers and a broad range of professional associations have focused on the small business sector, primarily from an economic and policy setting perspective. This focus recognises the important role small businesses play in the Australian economy – 97 per cent of businesses, as at June 2014, were classified as ‘small’.1 However, this classification is based only on employment, which lumps small firms into one homogenous group. In fact, small businesses are mainly unique extensions of their owners’ capacities, goals and aspirations. The single classification of ‘small’ does nothing to assist in understanding the complex mix of segments in the small business sector, or the factors that affect these different segments. This paper focuses on unpacking the sector to provide insights into the segments that make up the small business sector in a way that policymakers and other agencies can support and understand

Measurement of 42 MeV <SUP>7</SUP>Li projectile breakup on <SUP>208</SUP>Pb target near grazing incidence

Breakup of 42 MeV 7Li projectiles in the field of a 208Pb target are studied near the grazing angle. In inclusive breakup measurements, angular distribution of the a and t fragments are found to be rather flat in nature. The &#945;-&#964; coincidence measurements are carried out with wide angular separations between the detected fragments. The choice of detection angles enables measurement in the same range of fragment relative energies but very different 7Li scattering angles. The direct breakup contribution is found to dominate over the sequential breakup for the &#952;&#945; &gt; &#952;&#964; set, while the reverse is true when &#952;&#945; &lt; &#952;&#964;. Calculations performed in a full quantum mechanical framework reproduce the overall shape of the direct breakup part of the present data and several existing data on 197Au and 208Pb targets at nearby energies. The sequential breakup is observed only from the decay of the 4.63 MeV (7/2&#175;) resonant excited state of 7Li and its angular distribution does not fully agree with the existing theoretical predictions. Unlike the direct part, the sequential breakup cross section does not decrease with increasing scattering angles. Similar measurements with halo nuclei would be helpful to study their unknown resonant states

Measurement of 42 MeV <SUP>7</SUP>Li projectile breakup on <SUP>58</SUP>Ni target beyond grazing incidence

Angular distributions of the elastic and breakup cross sections of 42 MeV 7Li-projectile on 58Ni target are measured at wide angles beyond the grazing angle. Coincidence measurements are done at unequal angle pairs. In this angular region, the direct breakup is found to be very small and strongly dominated by the nuclear breakup process, while the sequential breakup contributions from the decay of the 7/2&#175;, 4.63 MeV resonant state of 7Li remain significantly large within its corresponding sequential cone. Some indications of contributions from the higher sequential states (5/2&#175; 6.68 MeV, 5/2&#175; 7.46 MeV) are found

Study of elastic and inelastic scattering of 7Be + 12C at 35 MeV

The elastic and inelastic scattering of 7Be from 12C have been measured at an incident energy of 35 MeV. The inelastic scattering leading to the 4.439 MeV excited state of 12C has been measured for the first time. The experimental data cover an angular range of θcm = 15∘-120∘. Optical model analyses were carried out with Woods-Saxon and double-folding potential using the density dependent M3Y (DDM3Y) effective interaction. The microscopic analysis of the elastic data indicates breakup channel coupling effect. A coupled-channel analysis of the inelastic scattering, based on collective form factors, shows that mutual excitation of both 7Be and 12C is significantly smaller than the single excitation of 12C. The larger deformation length obtained from the DWBA analysis could be explained by including the excitation of 7Be in a coupled-channel analysis. The breakup cross section of 7Be is estimated to be less than 10% of the reaction cross section. The intrinsic deformation length obtained for the 12C⁎ (4.439 MeV) state is δ2 = 1.37 fm. The total reaction cross section deduced from the analysis agrees very well with Wong's calculations for similar weakly bound light nuclei on 12C target.European Union H2020 654002 (ENSAR2)Indian Space Research Organisation ISRO/RES/2/378/15-16. OMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación PID2019-104390GB-I00, PGC2018-095640-B-I00, PID2020-114687GB-I00Swedish Research Council VR-2017-00637, VR-2017- 03986Institute for Basis Sciencie IBS-R031-D1Academy of Finland 307685Junta de Andalucía FQM-160, P20_0124