Information Literacy among Research Scholars of University of Jammu in an Electronic Environment: A case study

Information literacy refers to the abilities of an individual in identifying, retrieving, and utilising appropriate and required information. The present study attempts to examine the information literacy skills of the research scholars of University of Jammu. For data collection, a well semi-structured questionnaire was framed and distributed among 270 research scholars of the University of Jammu. Out of 270 questionnaires, 236 were received back from 90 male and 146 female research scholars respectively. It is observed that majority (81%) of the research scholars have knowledge of simple search techniques compared to the other search technique. Based on the findings, necessary suggestions were made by the researcher for providing effective and proper information literacy among research scholars. The result of the study reflects that information literacy program should be incorporated in the course curriculum and more awareness is required among students on online databases and digital resources that will make the students more information literate. Users need awareness regarding the use of OPAC in the search and retrieval of information and also needs awareness about different search strategies in refining the search and in the use of Boolean Operator (AND, OR, NOT)

The Internal Capital Markets of Global Dealer Banks

This study uncovers the existence of a trillion-dollar internal capital market that played a central role in the financing of dealer banks during the 2007–09 Global Financial Crisis. Hand-collecting a novel set of dealer microdata at the subsidiary level, I present a unique set of facts on the evolution of inter-affiliate loans between US primary dealers and their (primarily foreign) siblings. First, the aggregate size of these dealer internal capital markets quadrupled from $335 billion in 2001 to$1.2 trillion by 2007. Second, 25 percent of total repurchase agreements and 62 percent of total securities lending reported on US primary dealer balance sheets were sourced internally from sibling dealers by year-end 2007. Third, internal securities lending collapsed by 55 percent during the 2007–09 crisis. These facts suggest that incorporating internal capital market dynamics may be fruitful for future research on dealer behavior and market liquidity

Implications of binary black hole detections on the merger rates of double neutron stars and neutron star-black holes

We show that the inferred merger rate and chirp masses of binary black holes (BBHs) detected by advanced LIGO (aLIGO) can be used to constrain the rate of double neutron star (DNS) and neutron star - black hole (NSBH) mergers in the universe. We explicitly demonstrate this by considering a set of publicly available population synthesis models of \citet{Dominik:2012kk} and show that if all the BBH mergers, GW150914, LVT151012, GW151226, and GW170104, observed by aLIGO arise from isolated binary evolution, the predicted DNS merger rate may be constrained to be $2.3-471.0$~\rate~ and that of NSBH mergers will be constrained to $0.2-48.5$~\rate. The DNS merger rates are not constrained much but the NSBH rates are tightened by a factor of $\sim 4$ as compared to their previous rates. Note that these constrained DNS and NSBH rates are extremely model dependent and are compared to the unconstrained values $2.3-472.5$ \rate~ and $0.2-218$ \rate, respectively, using the same models of \citet{Dominik:2012kk}. These rate estimates may have implications for short Gamma Ray Burst progenitor models assuming they are powered (solely) by DNS or NSBH mergers. While these results are based on a set of open access population synthesis models which may not necessarily be the representative ones, the proposed method is very general and can be applied to any number of models thereby yielding more realistic constraints on the DNS and NSBH merger rates from the inferred BBH merger rate and chirp mass.Comment: 5 pages, no figures, 4 tables, v2: matches published versio

Convex function and optimization techniques

Optimization is the process of maximizing or minimizing a desired objective function while satisfying the prevailing constraints. The optimization problems have two major divisions. One is linear programming problem and other is non-linear programming problem. But the modern game theory, dynamic programming problem, integer programming problem also part of the Optimization theory having wide range of application in modern science, economics and management. In the present work I tried to compare the solution of Mathematical programming problem by Graphical solution method and others as well as its theoretic descriptions. As we know that not like linear programming problem where multidimensional problems have a great deal of applications, non-linear programming problem mostly considered only in two variables. Therefore for nonlinear programming problems we have an opportunity to plot the graph in two dimensions and get a concrete graph of the solution space which will be a step ahead in its solutions. Nonlinear programming deals with the problem of optimizing an objective function in the presence of equality and inequality constraints. The development of highly efficient and robust algorithms and software for linear programming, the advent of high speed computers, and the education of managers and practitioners in regard to the advantages and profitability of mathematical modeling and analysis, have made linear programming an important tool for solving problems in diverse fields. However, many realistic problems cannot be adequately represented or approximated as a linear program owing to the nature of the nonlinearity of the objective function or the nonlinearity of any of the constraints

Delta bilirubin: a sensitive and predictive marker for acute rejection in liver transplant recipients

Background: This study was aimed to investigate the diagnostic utility of delta bilirubin for acute rejection in liver transplant recipients.Methods: The present study was conducted on 80 patients (56 men and 24 women) who were admitted for a major operation of liver transplantation at super-speciality hospital, Medanta-The Medicity, Gurgaon. The average age of the patients was 43±19 years. Data was analyzed as mean, standard deviation; student t test by using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated in percentage.Results: The result from the present study indicates that delta bilirubin had highest sensitivities of 93% whereas conjugated bilirubin has 43% while AST, ALT, GGT and ALKP had sensitivities of 61%, 81%, 80% and 31% respectively. There was a significant difference of delta bilirubin between rejection and non rejection transplant recipients.Conclusions: Our findings supported that the serial measurement of delta bilirubin would be a reliable marker for recognizing early rejection in liver transplant recipients