Identification of Plk4 interacting partners and establishment of Plk4 stable cell lines.

<p>Each error bar is one standard error. CK, control; NN, ambient CO₂ with N fertilizer; CC, elevated CO₂ without N fertilizer; CN, elevated CO₂ with N fertilizer. (a-c) <i>A</i>. <i>acuminatissima</i>; (d-f) <i>S</i>. <i>hancei</i>; (g-i) <i>C</i>. <i>hystrix</i>; (j-l) <i>O</i>. <i>pinnata</i>; (m-o) <i>S</i>. <i>superba</i>.</p

Mineral Elements of Subtropical Tree Seedlings in Response to Elevated Carbon Dioxide and Nitrogen Addition

<div><p>Mineral elements in plants have been strongly affected by increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentrations and nitrogen (N) deposition due to human activities. However, such understanding is largely limited to N and phosphorus in grassland. Using open-top chambers, we examined the concentrations of potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) in the leaves and roots of the seedlings of five subtropical tree species in response to elevated CO₂ (ca. 700 μmol CO₂ mol^-1) and N addition (100 kg N ha^-1 yr^-1) from 2005 to 2009. These mineral elements in the roots responded more strongly to elevated CO₂ and N addition than those in the leaves. Elevated CO₂ did not consistently decrease the concentrations of plant mineral elements, with increases in K, Al, Cu and Mn in some tree species. N addition decreased K and had no influence on Cu in the five tree species. Given the shifts in plant mineral elements, <i>Schima superba</i> and <i>Castanopsis hystrix</i> were less responsive to elevated CO₂ and N addition alone, respectively. Our results indicate that plant stoichiometry would be altered by increasing CO₂ and N deposition, and K would likely become a limiting nutrient under increasing N deposition in subtropics.</p></div

The total concentrations of mineral elements in the initial soil.

<p>Mean ± one standard error. Data of the base cations (K, Ca and Mg) were cited from Liu et al. [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0120190#pone.0120190.ref032" target="_blank">32</a>].</p><p>The total concentrations of mineral elements in the initial soil.</p

Results (<i>P</i>-value) from repeated measures ANOVA on the effects of different species (S), carbon dioxide (C) and nitrogen (N) treatments and their interactions on the concentrations of mineral elements of five subtropical tree species.

<p>Y is the sampling year. Significant <i>P</i> values are highlighted in bold.</p><p>Results (<i>P</i>-value) from repeated measures ANOVA on the effects of different species (S), carbon dioxide (C) and nitrogen (N) treatments and their interactions on the concentrations of mineral elements of five subtropical tree species.</p

Seasonal dynamics of soil temperature at 5 cm depth, soil moisture of the top 5 cm soil layer, and soil respiration under ambient precipitation (AP) and double precipitation (DP) treatments in the broadleaf forest (BF), the mixed forest (MF) and pine forest (BF).

<p>Seasonal dynamics of soil temperature at 5 cm depth, soil moisture of the top 5 cm soil layer, and soil respiration under ambient precipitation (AP) and double precipitation (DP) treatments in the broadleaf forest (BF), the mixed forest (MF) and pine forest (BF).</p

Functional relationship and significant test of model parameters.

<p>Relationship of soil respiration rate (<i>R</i>, µmol CO₂ m⁻² s⁻¹) with soil temperature at 5 cm below the soil surface (<i>T</i>,°C) and soil moisture of the top 5 cm soil layer (<i>M</i>, % vol.) is developed using <i>R = </i>(<i>a+cM</i>)exp(<i>bT</i>) (parameter estimate ± standard error). <i>R</i>² in the table is the determination of coefficient, <i>Q₁₀</i> = exp(10<i>b</i>) is temperature sensitivity coefficient, and slope <i>c</i> is soil moisture sensitivity. The treatments are: AP = ambient precipitation, DP = double precipitation. Different letters in each forest within a column denote significant difference (<i>p</i><0.05) between the two precipitation treatments. **p<0.01. Numbers in bold indicates significant differences with the AP treatment.</p

Soil microbial biomass carbon content and fine root biomass (diameter≤3 mm) under ambient precipitation (AP) and double precipitation (DP) treatments in the broadleaf forest (BF), the mixed forest (MF) and the pine forest (PF).

<p>Error bars are standard errors, sample size n = 6 for soil microbial biomass carbon content, sample size n = 3 for fine root biomass. Different letters in each forest denote significant difference (p<0.05) among precipitation treatments. *indicates significant difference between wet and dry seasons.</p

Monthly rainfall and mean air temperature at the Dinghushan Forest Ecosystem Research Station in Southern China during the experimental period from 2007 to 2009.

<p>Monthly rainfall and mean air temperature at the Dinghushan Forest Ecosystem Research Station in Southern China during the experimental period from 2007 to 2009.</p

Mean value and significance of soil temperature, moisture and soil respiration from 2007 to 2009 between precipitation treatments in the pine forest (PF), the mixed forest (MF) and the broadleaf forest (BF), respectively.

<p>Table shows means and standard errors of soil temperature at 5 cm depth, soil moisture of the top 5 cm soil layer, and soil respiration rate under ambient precipitation (AP) and double precipitation (DP) treatments from the broadleaf forest, the mixed forest and the pine forest.</p><p>Mean values in each forest within a row with different letter have significant differences at α = 0.05 level.</p

Relationship of soil respiration with soil temperature or soil moisture under ambient precipitation (AP) and double precipitation (DP) treatments in the broadleaf forest (BF), the mixed forest (MF) and the pine forest (PF).

<p>If fitted models aren’t significantly different between in the AP and DP treatments, one single model is fitted for all data. **indicates significant relationship at α = 0.01 levels.</p