A study on twin-screw rheo-diecasting of AZ91D Mg-alloy

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.A newly developed one-step semisolid process by BCAST for semisolid processing of magnesium alloy was studied in this thesis - the Twin-Screw Rheo-Diecasting (RDC) of AZ91D Mg-alloy. The RDC process is an innovative process which combines the dispersive mixing power of the Twin-Screw Slurry Maker (TSSM) for creation of high quality semisolid slurry and the existing cold chamber High-Pressure Die-Casting (HPDC) process for component shaping. Magnesium alloys, due to their low density and superior strength/weight ratio, offer distinct advantages in weight savings, and are gaining increasing interests in applications. The research on the new RDC technology aimed to eliminate the limitations of the conventional HPDC and to meet the requirements from extensive application of Mg-alloys. In this thesis, the major tasks were to optimise of the RDC technology, to evaluate the microstructure and mechanical properties of RDC AZ91D Mg-alloy in both as-cast and heat treated conditions, and to understand the solidification process in the TSSM. The results of the RDC as-cast state indicated that the microstructure of primary a-Mg particles had a fine size (around 40μm), extremely spherical morphology and uniform distribution throughout the entire castings; the RDC AZ91D samples had extremely low levels of porosity. Due to the unique microstructure and much reduced level of defects, the RDC AZ91D alloy exhibited a substantial improvement in mechanical properties. In addition, a traditional full heat treatment was performed for RDC AZ91D alloy. Compared with HPDC alloy, the RDC AZ91D alloy was found to exhibit an accelerated dissolution of ß-Mg17A112during solution treatment, and a faster age-hardening kinetics of the ß-phase during subsequent ageing. The microstructural investigations showed that under intensive forced convection, heterogeneous nucleation occurred continuously throughout the entire volume of the solidifying melt and the nuclei grew spherically. Ostwald ripening took place by dissolution of the smaller particles but at a very slow coarsening rate. Increasing the intensity of forced convection enhanced nucleation and reduced volume fraction of primary phase solidified in the slurry maker. This study has demonstrated that the novel RDC process possesses a number of advantages and it is suitable for production of high integrity Mg-alloy components

Chemical sensor and coating for same

A chemical sensor utilizing a substrate and a fluoropolymer coating is disclosed. Transducers may be connected to the substrate to generate an alternating potential across the substrate, which in turn causes the substrate to resonate due to the converse piezoelectric effect. The polymer coating absorbs the analyte, thus changing the mass of the sensor, and accordingly changing its resonant frequency. The transducers detect this change in resonant frequency to indicate to the operator that the analyte is present. The use of amorphous copolymers of 2,2-bistrifluoromethyl-4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxole (PDD), and tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) allows for improved sensitivity and responsiveness while also allowing for robust characteristics enabling the sensor to be used in a variety of environmental conditions

One-loop Structure of Higher Rank Wilson Loops in AdS/CFT

The half-supersymmetric Wilson loop in $\mathcal N=4$ SYM is arguably the central non-local operator in the AdS/CFT correspondence. On the field theory side, the vacuum expectation values of Wilson loops in arbitrary representations of $SU(N)$ are captured to all orders in perturbation theory by a Gaussian matrix model. Of prominent interest are the $k$-symmetric and $k$-antisymmetric representations, whose gravitational description is given in terms of D3- and D5-branes, respectively, with fluxes in their world volumes. At leading order in $N$ and $\lambda$ the agreement in both cases is exact. In this note we explore the structure of the next-to-leading order correction in the matrix model and compare with existing string theory calculations. We find agreement in the functional dependence on $k$ but a mismatch in the numerical coefficients.Comment: 5 pages, one figure. v2: A crucial minus sign acknowledged; agreement now claimed only at the functional level. Changes in abstract and tex

Optimal Modulation Algorithm for Hybrid Clamped Three-Level Inverter

The principle of a three phase hybrid clamped three-level inverter was presented. Taking sixty-four switch states into consideration, the operational states of hybrid clamped three-level inverter and different current circuits in different switch states were detailed derived. Optimal modulation algorithm was proposed based on the neutral small vectors by different combination, which can realize the automatic balancing of the neutral-point voltage with few switching cycles and did not need to measure the voltage of the clamped capacitors. The proposed modulation algorithm was also capable of restraining the turn-off over-voltage of the power switching devices effectively. Simulation results were given to verify the feasibility and correctness. Experimental results obtained by DSP-based implementation of the controller on 1 MW prototype show good performance in terms of DC-bus voltages regulation (small neutral point potential function and low DC ripple coefficient) and good sinusoidal current