208 research outputs found
Enhancing immune effects of a DNA vaccine against kidney cancer using CD40L as an adjuvant
The use of specific combinations of antigens and adjuvant represents a promising approach for increasing the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines. In the present study, we evaluated the immunity and antitumor effects of DNA vaccines with G250 as the target antigen in a mouse model of renal cell carcinoma. We constructed two recombinant plasmids, pVAX1-G250 and pVAX1-CD40L. The recombinant plasmids were injected into mice by intramuscular injection and electrical pulse stimulation. ELISA and ELISPOT experiments were performed to evaluate the corresponding humoral and cellular immune responses following immunization. To further investigate the antitumor potential of the DNA vaccines, we established a tumor-bearing mouse model expressing G250 target antigen. Our results showed that immunization with the combination of the two plasmids exerted the strongest anti-tumor effects. Therefore, our findings demonstrated the effectiveness of CD40L as an adjuvant for DNA vaccines and highlighted the promising use of these vaccines for the treatment of tumors
Semantic Role Labeling as Dependency Parsing: Exploring Latent Tree Structures Inside Arguments
Semantic role labeling (SRL) is a fundamental yet challenging task in the NLP
community. Recent works of SRL mainly fall into two lines: 1) BIO-based; 2)
span-based. Despite ubiquity, they share some intrinsic drawbacks of not
considering internal argument structures, potentially hindering the model's
expressiveness. The key challenge is arguments are flat structures, and there
are no determined subtree realizations for words inside arguments. To remedy
this, in this paper, we propose to regard flat argument spans as latent
subtrees, accordingly reducing SRL to a tree parsing task. In particular, we
equip our formulation with a novel span-constrained TreeCRF to make tree
structures span-aware and further extend it to the second-order case. We
conduct extensive experiments on CoNLL05 and CoNLL12 benchmarks. Results reveal
that our methods perform favorably better than all previous syntax-agnostic
works, achieving new state-of-the-art under both end-to-end and w/ gold
predicates settings.Comment: COLING 202
Empowering LLM to use Smartphone for Intelligent Task Automation
Mobile task automation is an attractive technique that aims to enable
voice-based hands-free user interaction with smartphones. However, existing
approaches suffer from poor scalability due to the limited language
understanding ability and the non-trivial manual efforts required from
developers or end-users. The recent advance of large language models (LLMs) in
language understanding and reasoning inspires us to rethink the problem from a
model-centric perspective, where task preparation, comprehension, and execution
are handled by a unified language model. In this work, we introduce AutoDroid,
a mobile task automation system that can handle arbitrary tasks on any Android
application without manual efforts. The key insight is to combine the
commonsense knowledge of LLMs and domain-specific knowledge of apps through
automated dynamic analysis. The main components include a functionality-aware
UI representation method that bridges the UI with the LLM, exploration-based
memory injection techniques that augment the app-specific domain knowledge of
LLM, and a multi-granularity query optimization module that reduces the cost of
model inference. We integrate AutoDroid with off-the-shelf LLMs including
online GPT-4/GPT-3.5 and on-device Vicuna, and evaluate its performance on a
new benchmark for memory-augmented Android task automation with 158 common
tasks. The results demonstrated that AutoDroid is able to precisely generate
actions with an accuracy of 90.9%, and complete tasks with a success rate of
71.3%, outperforming the GPT-4-powered baselines by 36.4% and 39.7%. The demo,
benchmark suites, and source code of AutoDroid will be released at
url{https://autodroid-sys.github.io/}
Tuning a Circular p-n Junction in Graphene from Quantum Confinement to Optical Guiding
The motion of massless Dirac-electrons in graphene mimics the propagation of
photons. This makes it possible to control the charge-carriers with components
based on geometrical-optics and has led to proposals for an all-graphene
electron-optics platform. An open question arising from the possibility of
reducing the component-size to the nanometer-scale is how to access and
understand the transition from optical-transport to quantum-confinement. Here
we report on the realization of a circular p-n junction that can be
continuously tuned from the nanometer-scale, where quantum effects are
dominant, to the micrometer scale where optical-guiding takes over. We find
that in the nanometer-scale junction electrons are trapped in states that
resemble atomic-collapse at a supercritical charge. As the junction-size
increases, the transition to optical-guiding is signaled by the emergence of
whispering-gallery modes and Fabry-Perot interference. The creation of tunable
junctions that straddle the crossover between quantum-confinement and
optical-guiding, paves the way to novel design-architectures for controlling
electronic transport.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figure
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