A pancreatic mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNEN) (NET and undifferentiated carcinoma of the pancreas with osteoclast-like giant cells) with metastatic neuroendocrine component to the liver

Undifferentiated carcinoma of the pancreas with osteoclast-like giant cells (UCOGCs) is an extremely rare morphologically and clinically distinct variant of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), exhibiting a characteristic component of reactive osteoclast-like giant cells admixed with neoplastic mononuclear cells. Sommers and Meissner first described it in 1954 as an “unusual carcinoma of the pancreas”. Later it acquired many different names. In 2010, the WHO classified these tumors as a variant of PDAC under the heading of “undifferentiated carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells”. Here we describe the first case of pancreatic mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNEN) composed of UCOGC and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (NET), which occurred in a 78-year-old man with biliary colic and pancreatitis. The mass did not respond to the chemotherapy, and he soon developed liver metastasis from the NET component, and unfortunately, the patient passed away 10 months later. Since UCOGC is extremely rare, and its association with NET has not been reported yet, our case expands the knowledge regarding its unusual presentation and poor prognosis

Discussion on seepage governing equations for low permeability reservoirs with a threshold pressure gradient

Funding Information: The first author acknowledges the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.11602276) for the financial support to this research.Peer reviewe

Hard Label Black Box Node Injection Attack on Graph Neural Networks

While graph neural networks have achieved state-of-the-art performances in many real-world tasks including graph classification and node classification, recent works have demonstrated they are also extremely vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Most previous works have focused on attacking node classification networks under impractical white-box scenarios. In this work, we will propose a non-targeted Hard Label Black Box Node Injection Attack on Graph Neural Networks, which to the best of our knowledge, is the first of its kind. Under this setting, more real world tasks can be studied because our attack assumes no prior knowledge about (1): the model architecture of the GNN we are attacking; (2): the model's gradients; (3): the output logits of the target GNN model. Our attack is based on an existing edge perturbation attack, from which we restrict the optimization process to formulate a node injection attack. In the work, we will evaluate the performance of the attack using three datasets, COIL-DEL, IMDB-BINARY, and NCI1

Research on the economic effect of employment structure change in heterogeneous regions: evidence from resource-based cities in China

The Report on the Work of the Chinese Government in 2021 emphasised that stable employment is the foundation of national development. Therefore, adjustment of the employment structure is one of the main routes for sustainable development of resource-based cities. However, the impact of employment structure on sustained economic growth, particularly in heterogeneous regions, has not yet been determined. This study analyses China’s employment structure’s spatial evolution, using panel data from 2004 to 2018 of 115 prefecture-level resource-based cities. It explores the driving factors and spatial effects of employment structure changes on economic growth through an extended two-sector economic growth model and spatial econometric model, and proposes solutions for heterogeneous regions. The results show that the labour productivity of the employed population in the secondary industry is the most important factor affecting economic growth, but the spatial effects of employment structure adjustment on economic growth are different in heterogeneous regions. They further reveal that improving the productivity of the employed population in the secondary industry and building an industrial system according to regional advantages are the top priorities for developing the sustainable economy of resource-based cities

Direct upgrading of fast pyrolysis lignin vapor over the HZSM-5 catalyst

Continuous fast pyrolysis of lignin and direct upgrading of pyrolysis vapor by the HZSM-5 catalyst produce renewable aromatics.</p

Discussion on seepage governing equations for low permeability reservoirs with a threshold pressure gradient

Low permeability reservoirs account for an increasing proportion of oil production. Threshold pressure gradient is an important factor that governs the flow in low permeability porous media. The 1-D seepage governing equation (SGE) for low permeability porous media can be derived from the 1-D core flooding experimental rule. In the literature, for isotropic porous media, the SGE with a threshold pressure gradient (TPG) in Cartesian and cylinder coordinate systems are incompatible to each other. In addition, irrational results were found in simulation using SGEs in the Cartesian coordinate system. In this study, 3-D SGEs with a TPG in the Cartesian coordinate system and for radial flow in the cylindrical coordinate system are derived from the vector form of the seepage velocity in 3-D domain which is transformed from the 1-D seepage velocity vector. The 1-D equation degenerated from the 3-D SGE of low permeability media is in accordance with the 1-D SGE. The derived SGE of low permeability porous media in Cartesian coordinate systems is consistent with that in cylindrical coordinate systems. So, the contradiction of SGEs with a TPG in literature is resolved. For anisotropic reservoirs with a TPG, with the assumption that the impeding of a TPG to flow in porous media occurs in the opposite direction of the seepage velocity vector, the general seepage initiation condition for anisotropic porous media with a TPG is derived. The SGEs for anisotropic porous media with a TPG under a specific condition in Cartesian coordinate systems and for radial flow in cylindrical coordination the systems are derived, and then are degenerated to isotropic cases. It is found that a simple form of the SGE in anisotropic porous media with a TPG can only be derived when the flow is radial. So, it is suggested that numerical simulations for anisotropic porous media with a TPG should use the equation set composed by the pressure and seepage velocity vector. The analysis also indicates that a TPG of anisotropic reservoirs is a two-order tensor, and cannot be represented by a vector. However, the current form of effective pressure gradient requires further investigation.Cited as: Han, G., Liu, Y., Nawnit, K., Zhou, Y. Discussion on seepage governing equations for low permeability reservoirs with a threshold pressure gradient. Advances in Geo-Energy Research, 2018, 2(3): 245-259, doi: 10.26804/ager.2018.03.0