792 research outputs found
Variation of lateral thickness techniques in sol lateral high voltage transistors
[[abstract]]A novel variation of Lateral Thickness(VLT) technique is proposed to bring a uniform surface electric field of SOl lateral high voltage devices. Comparing to the conventional RESURF device, the linear thickness of drift region increases the breakdown voltage by 40% while decreasing the drift resistance by 50%. Furthermore, single- or two-step drift thickness can be adopted to reduce fabrication difficulties when higher breakdown voltage and lower drift resistance are maintained. © 2009 IEEE
MDENet: Multi-modal Dual-embedding Networks for Malware Open-set Recognition
Malware open-set recognition (MOSR) aims at jointly classifying malware
samples from known families and detect the ones from novel unknown families,
respectively. Existing works mostly rely on a well-trained classifier
considering the predicted probabilities of each known family with a
threshold-based detection to achieve the MOSR. However, our observation reveals
that the feature distributions of malware samples are extremely similar to each
other even between known and unknown families. Thus the obtained classifier may
produce overly high probabilities of testing unknown samples toward known
families and degrade the model performance. In this paper, we propose the
Multi-modal Dual-Embedding Networks, dubbed MDENet, to take advantage of
comprehensive malware features (i.e., malware images and malware sentences)
from different modalities to enhance the diversity of malware feature space,
which is more representative and discriminative for down-stream recognition.
Last, to further guarantee the open-set recognition, we dually embed the fused
multi-modal representation into one primary space and an associated sub-space,
i.e., discriminative and exclusive spaces, with contrastive sampling and
rho-bounded enclosing sphere regularizations, which resort to classification
and detection, respectively. Moreover, we also enrich our previously proposed
large-scaled malware dataset MAL-100 with multi-modal characteristics and
contribute an improved version dubbed MAL-100+. Experimental results on the
widely used malware dataset Mailing and the proposed MAL-100+ demonstrate the
effectiveness of our method.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figure
Associations of Muscle Mass and Strength with All-Cause Mortality among US Older Adults
INTRODUCTION:
Recent studies suggested that muscle mass and muscle strength may independently or synergistically affect aging-related health outcomes in older adults; however, prospective data on mortality in the general population are sparse.
METHODS:
We aimed to prospectively examine individual and joint associations of low muscle mass and low muscle strength with all-cause mortality in a nationally representative sample. This study included 4449 participants age 50 yr and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999 to 2002 with public use 2011 linked mortality files. Weighted multivariable logistic regression models were adjusted for age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol use, education, leisure time physical activity, sedentary time, and comorbid diseases.
RESULTS:
Overall, the prevalence of low muscle mass was 23.1% defined by appendicular lean mass (ALM) and 17.0% defined by ALM/BMI, and the prevalence of low muscle strength was 19.4%. In the joint analyses, all-cause mortality was significantly higher among individuals with low muscle strength, whether they had low muscle mass (odds ratio [OR], 2.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27-3.24 for ALM; OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.64-3.88 for ALM/BMI) or not (OR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.53-4.62 for ALM; OR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.29-3.64 for ALM/BMI). In addition, the significant associations between low muscle strength and all-cause mortality persisted across different levels of metabolic syndrome, sedentary time, and LTPA.
CONCLUSIONS:
Low muscle strength was independently associated with elevated risk of all-cause mortality, regardless of muscle mass, metabolic syndrome, sedentary time, or LTPA among US older adults, indicating the importance of muscle strength in predicting aging-related health outcomes in older adults
Arena: A Learning-based Synchronization Scheme for Hierarchical Federated Learning--Technical Report
Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training among
distributed devices without data sharing, but existing FL suffers from poor
scalability because of global model synchronization. To address this issue,
hierarchical federated learning (HFL) has been recently proposed to let edge
servers aggregate models of devices in proximity, while synchronizing via the
cloud periodically. However, a critical open challenge about how to make a good
synchronization scheme (when devices and edges should be synchronized) is still
unsolved. Devices are heterogeneous in computing and communication capability,
and their data could be non-IID. No existing work can well synchronize various
roles (\textit{e.g.}, devices and edges) in HFL to guarantee high learning
efficiency and accuracy. In this paper, we propose a learning-based
synchronization scheme for HFL systems. By collecting data such as edge models,
CPU usage, communication time, \textit{etc}., we design a deep reinforcement
learning-based approach to decide the frequencies of cloud aggregation and edge
aggregation, respectively. The proposed scheme well considers device
heterogeneity, non-IID data and device mobility, to maximize the training model
accuracy while minimizing the energy overhead. Meanwhile, the convergence bound
of the proposed synchronization scheme has been analyzed. And we build an HFL
testbed and conduct the experiments with real data obtained from Raspberry Pi
and Alibaba Cloud. Extensive experiments under various settings are conducted
to confirm the effectiveness of \textit{Arena}
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