EARLY PRECAMBRIAN CRUSTAL EVOLUTION OF THE BELOMORIAN AND TRANS-NORTH CHINA OROGENS AND SUPERCONTINENTS RECONSTRUCTION

Comparative analysis of the crustal evolution of the Early Precambrian Belomorian and Trans-North China orogens (Fig. 1) has shown [Slabunov et al., 2015] that: Both belts were formed by the superposition of two Precambrian orogenies. The earth crust of the Belomorian belt was produced during the Mesoarchaean to Neoarchaean Belomorian collisional orogeny [Slabunov, 2008; Slabunov et al., 2006] and then was reworked during the Palaeoproterozoic Lapland-Kola collisional orogeny [Daly at al., 2006; Balagansky et al., 2014]. The earth crust of the Trans-North China orogen was formed during a Neoarchean accretionary orogeny and then was reworked during a Paleoproterozoic collisional orogeny [Zhao et al., 2012; Guo et al., 2012, 2005]. The Lapland granulite belt is the core of the Lapland-Kola Palaeoproterozoic collisional orogen in the Fennoscandian shield and the Khondolite belt occupies the same tectonic position in a Palaeoproterozoic collisional orogen in the North China craton.Comparative analysis of the crustal evolution of the Early Precambrian Belomorian and Trans-North China orogens (Fig. 1) has shown [Slabunov et al., 2015] that: Both belts were formed by the superposition of two Precambrian orogenies. The earth crust of the Belomorian belt was produced during the Mesoarchaean to Neoarchaean Belomorian collisional orogeny [Slabunov, 2008; Slabunov et al., 2006] and then was reworked during the Palaeoproterozoic Lapland-Kola collisional orogeny [Daly at al., 2006; Balagansky et al., 2014]. The earth crust of the Trans-North China orogen was formed during a Neoarchean accretionary orogeny and then was reworked during a Paleoproterozoic collisional orogeny [Zhao et al., 2012; Guo et al., 2012, 2005]. The Lapland granulite belt is the core of the Lapland-Kola Palaeoproterozoic collisional orogen in the Fennoscandian shield and the Khondolite belt occupies the same tectonic position in a Palaeoproterozoic collisional orogen in the North China craton

m6A demethylase FTO and osteoporosis: potential therapeutic interventions

Osteoporosis is a common bone disease, characterized by a descent in bone mass due to the dysregulation of bone homeostasis. Although different studies have identified an association between osteoporosis and epigenetic alterations in osteogenic genes, the mechanisms of osteoporosis remain unclear. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is a methylated adenosine nucleotide, which regulates the translocation, exporting, translation, and decay of RNA. FTO is the first identified m6A demethylase, which eliminates m6A modifications from RNAs. Variation in FTO disturbs m6A methylation in RNAs to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Besides, FTO as an obesity-associated gene, also affects osteogenesis by regulating adipogenesis. Pharmacological inhibition of FTO markedly altered bone mass, bone mineral density and the distribution of adipose tissue. Small molecules which modulate FTO function are potentially novel remedies to the treatment of osteoporosis by adjusting the m6A levels. This article reviews the roles of m6A demethylase FTO in regulating bone metabolism and osteoporosis

بررسی نتایج حاصل از اجرای الگوی ارتقاء کیفیت مدیریت مواد زائد در بیمارستان شهید فقیهی شیراز طی سال 1384

مقدمه: رشد جمعیت و توسعه شهر نشینی افزایش بی رویه انواع ضایعات در تمامی کشورها را به همراه داشته است . امروزه دفع این پسمانده ها بویژه در بیمارستانها به عنوان یکی از مهمترین چالشهای زیست – محیطی در کشورهای توسعه یافته و در حال توسعه درآمده است. در این میان تخلیه پسمانده های خطرناک صنعتی و بیمارستانی ، بدون رعایت ملاحظات زیست محیطی و فنی به عنوان یکی از پیچیده ترین و پرهزینه ترین مشکلات مسئولان در هر کشوری محسوب می شود. لذا این پژوهش با هدف کاهش میزان تولید مواد زائد عفونی بیمارستان با استفاده از الگوی ارتقاء کیفیت مدیریت مواد زائد انجام گردید. روش بررسی: در این پژوهش مداخله ای که در یکی از بیمارستانهای آموزشی شیراز انجام گرفت تلاش شد تا با اجرای یک الگوی ارتقاء کیفیت مدیریت مواد زائد از میزان تولید مواد زائد عفونی بیمارستان کاسته شود. در این پژوهش طی دو مرحله قبل و بعد از اجرای الگو زباله های بیمارستانی وزن (بر حسب کیلوگرم) و مقایسه شدند. برای تحلیل داده ها از شاخص های آمار توصیفی استفاده شد. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که قبل از اجرای الگو میانگین روزانه تولید زباله در بیمارستان برای زباله های عفونی 813 کیلوگرم و برای زباله های عادی83 کیلوگرم بوده، همچنین میانگین روزانه تولید زباله عفونی در بخشهای بستری 43/3 کیلوگرم به ازاء تخت روز اشغالی بوده است . میزان تولید زباله عفونی در بیمارستان 7/90% کل زباله های بیمارستان را تشکیل می داد که بعد از اجرای الگوی ارتقاء کیفیت مدیریت مواد زائد این میزان به 6/57% کاهش یافت. نتیجه گیری: استفاده از مدل ارتقاء کیفیت مدیریت مواد زائد میزان تولید زباله عفونی را تا 1/33% کاهش داده است. بنابراین بیمارستانها می توانند با استفاده از مدل ارتقاء کیفیت مواد زائد، زباله های عفونی خود را کاهش دهند

A genomic copy number variant analysis implicates the MBD5 and HNRNPU genes in Chinese children with infantile spasms and expands the clinical spectrum of 2q23.1 deletion

Background: Infantile spasms (IS) is a specific type of epileptic encephalopathy associated with severe developmental disabilities. Genetic factors are strongly implicated in IS, however, the exact genetic defects remain unknown in the majority of cases. Rare mutations in a single gene or in copy number variants (CNVs) have been implicated in IS of children in Western countries. The objective of this study was to dissect the role of copy number variations in Chinese children with infantile spasms. Methods: We used the Agilent Human Genome CGH microarray 180 K for genome-wide detection of CNVs. Real-time qPCR was used to validate the CNVs. We performed genomic and medical annotations for individual CNVs to determine the pathogenicity of CNVs related to IS. Results: We report herein the first genome-wide CNV analysis in children with IS, detecting a total of 14 CNVs in a cohort of 47 Chinese children with IS. Four CNVs (4/47 = 8.5%) (1q21.1 gain; 1q44, 2q31.1, and 17p13 loss) are considered to be pathogenic. The CNV loss at 17p13.3 contains PAFAH1B1 (LIS1), a causative gene for lissencephaly. Although the CNVs at 1q21.1, 1q44, and 2q23.1 have been previously implicated in a wide spectrum of clinical features including autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and generalized seizure, our study is the first report identifying them in individuals with a primary diagnosis of IS. The CNV loss in the 1q44 region contains HNRNPU, a strong candidate gene recently suggested in IS by the whole exome sequencing of children with IS. The CNV loss at 2q23.1 includes MBD5, a methyl-DNA binding protein that is a causative gene of ASD and a candidate gene for epileptic encephalopathy. We also report a distinct clinical presentation of IS, microcephaly, intellectual disability, and absent hallux in a case with the 2q23.1 deletion. Conclusion: Our findings strongly support the role of CNVs in infantile spasms and expand the clinical spectrum associate with 2q23.1 deletion. In particular, our study implicates the HNRNPU and MBD5 genes in Chinese children with IS. Our study also supports that the molecular mechanisms of infantile spasms appear conserved among different ethnic backgrounds

Sharp bounds for the general Randić index of graphs with fixed number of vertices and cyclomatic number

The cyclomatic number, denoted by $\gamma$, of a graph $G$ is the minimum number of edges of $G$ whose removal makes $G$ acyclic. Let $\mathscr{G}_{n}^{\gamma}$ be the class of all connected graphs with order $n$ and cyclomatic number $\gamma$. In this paper, we characterized the graphs in $\mathscr{G}_{n}^{\gamma}$ with minimum general Randić index for $\gamma\geq 3$ and $1\leq\alpha\leq \frac{39}{25}$. These extend the main result proved by A. Ali, K. C. Das and S. Akhter in 2022. The elements of $\mathscr{G}_{n}^{\gamma}$ with maximum general Randić index were also completely determined for $\gamma\geq 3$ and $\alpha\geq 1$

Bioengineered human tissue regeneration and repair using endogenous stem cells

We describe a general approach to produce bone and cartilaginous structures utilizing the self-regenerative capacity of the intercostal rib space to treat a deformed metacarpophalangeal joint and microtia. Anatomically precise 3D molds were positioned on the perichondro-periosteal or perichondral flap of the intercostal rib without any other exogenous elements. We find anatomically precise metacarpal head and auricle constructs within the implanted molds after 6 months. The regenerated metacarpal head was used successfully to surgically repair the deformed metacarpophalangeal joint. Auricle reconstructive surgery in five unilateral microtia patients yielded good aesthetic and functional results. Long-term follow-up revealed the auricle constructs were safe and stable. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis reveal early infiltration of a cell population consistent with mesenchymal stem cells, followed by IL-8-stimulated differentiation into chondrocytes. Our results demonstrate the repair and regeneration of tissues using only endogenous factors and a viable treatment strategy for bone and tissue structural defects.</p

The Identification of Lymphocyte-Like Cells and Lymphoid-Related Genes in Amphioxus Indicates the Twilight for the Emergency of Adaptive Immune System

To seek evidence of a primitive adaptive immune system (AIS) before vertebrate, we examined whether lymphocytes or lymphocyte-like cells and the related molecules participating in the lymphocyte function existed in amphioxus. Anatomical analysis by electron microscopy revealed the presence of lymphocyte-like cells in gills, and these cells underwent morphological changes in response to microbial pathogens that are reminiscent of those of mammalian lymphocytes executing immune response to microbial challenge. In addition, a systematic comparative analysis of our cDNA database of amphioxus identified a large number of genes whose vertebrate counterparts are involved in lymphocyte function. Among these genes, several genes were found to be expressed in the vicinity of the lymphocyte-like cells by in situ hybridization and up-regulated after exposure to microbial pathogens. Our findings in the amphioxus indicate the twilight for the emergency of AIS before the invertebrate-vertebrate transition during evolution