The Role of Higher Education Evaluation System in the Senior Human Resources Development A novelty of developing during evaluating

Higher education is the main method of senior human resources development (HRD) and its potential role need mining urgently. The paper presents a novelty that regarding evaluation of higher education as the method of HRD, validated its feasibility, analyzed the value and expounded the practice. In view of the higher education evaluation, its potential value of higher education and HRD need exploring, regarded as an important method of constructing a powerful nation of human resources.Social Sciences, InterdisciplinaryCPCI-SSH(ISSHP)

Nitrative DNA damage induced by multi-walled carbon nanotube via endocytosis in human lung epithelial cells

application/pdf要約 / 三重大学大学院医学系研究科生命医科学専攻基礎医学系講座環境分子医学分

Nitrative DNA damage induced by multi-walled carbon nanotube via endocytosis in human lung epithelial cells

application/pdf内容の要旨・審査結果の要旨 / 三重大学大学院医学系研究科生命医科学専攻環境社会医学講座環境分子医学分

Mesd extrinsically promotes phagocytosis by retinal pigment epithelial cells

Phagocytosis is a critical process to maintain tissue homeostasis. In the retina, photoreceptor cells renew their photoexcitability by shedding photoreceptor outer segments (POSs) in a diurnal rhythm. Shed POSs are phagocytosed by retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells to prevent debris accumulation, retinal degeneration, and blindness. Phagocytosis ligands are the key to understanding how RPE recognizes shed POSs. Here, we characterized mesoderm development candidate 2 (Mesd or Mesdc2), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperon for low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins (LRPs), to extrinsically promote RPE phagocytosis. The results showed that Mesd stimulated phagocytosis of fluorescence-labeled POS vesicles by D407 RPE cells. Ingested POSs were partially degraded within 3 h in some RPE cells to dispense undegradable fluorophore throughout the cytoplasm. Internalized POSs were colocalized with phagosome biomarker Rab7, suggesting that Mesd-mediated engulfment is involved in a phagocytosis pathway. Mesd also facilitated phagocytosis of POSs by primary RPE cells. Mesd bound to unknown phagocytic receptor(s) on RPE cells. Mesd was detected in the cytoplasm, but not nuclei, of different retinal layers and is predominantly expressed in the ER-free cellular compartment of POSs. Mesd was not secreted into medium from healthy cells but passively released from apoptotic cells with increased membrane permeability. Released Mesd selectively bound to the surface of POS vesicles and apoptotic cells, but not healthy cells. These results suggest that Mesd may be released from and bind to shed POSs to facilitate their phagocytic clearance

Development and structure of juvenile crime in the Czech Republic

The purpose of my thesis is to analyse juvenile delinquency in the Czech republic. In my opinion, this theme is very important social problem, which is needed to be discussed and solved. It is well known that nearly every child commits a crime at least once, less or more serious. The thesis is composed of five main chapters. Each of them is dealing with different aspects, which are divided into different subchapters. At first, there is an introduction and Chapter one follows. Chapter One describes the main terms, which are related to criminology (generally speaking) and juvenile delinquency. Chapter Two consists of two parts. First one describes a social view on the criminality, which is committed by the youngest of the community in the various stages of our history. Second part explains the evaluation of legislation from the foundation of the Czechoslovak republic till now. Chapter Three is subdivided into three parts. Part one provides an outline of the analysis of the structure and dynamics of juvenile delinquency including characteristics features. Second part deals with the reasons for juvenile delinquency creation. Third part then refers to the sources of statistical data used in this section. Chapter Four focuses on how the criminality is controled and it is divided into two subchapters. The..

Additional file 3: Figure S2. of Multi-walled carbon nanotube induces nitrative DNA damage in human lung epithelial cells via HMGB1-RAGE interaction and Toll-like receptor 9 activation

Effect of MWCNT on UV-visible spectrum of MTT. (A) UV-visible spectra of MWCNT (CNT-S or CNT-L, 1 μg/ml). (B) Effect of MWCNT on the spectrum of MTT. The reaction mixture contained 0.05 mg/ml MTT, and 1 μg/ml CNT-S or CNT-L was added. The spectra were measured before (MTT) and immediately (0 min) and 20 min after the addition of MWCNT (+CNT-S and + CNT-L) at 25 °C. There was no spectral change at 0 and 20 min. (TIF 125 kb

Additional file 7: Figure S6. of Multi-walled carbon nanotube induces nitrative DNA damage in human lung epithelial cells via HMGB1-RAGE interaction and Toll-like receptor 9 activation

Effects of various inhibitors on CNT-S-induced 8-nitroG formation and iNOS expression. A549 cells were treated with 1 μg/ml of CNT-S for 8 h at 37 °C in the presence of an inhibitor (1 μM 1400 W, 10 μM Bay, 1 μM CytoD, 2 mM MBCD or 50 μM MDC). Then, fluorescent immunocytochemistry was performed to detect 8-nitroG (A) and iNOS (B) as described in Methods. Hoechst, Hoechst 33258. Magnification, X200. (TIF 605 kb

Reticulocalbin-1 Facilitates Microglial Phagocytosis

<div><p>Phagocytosis is critical to the clearance of apoptotic cells, cellular debris and deleterious metabolic products for tissue homeostasis. Phagocytosis ligands directly recognizing deleterious cargos are the key to defining the functional roles of phagocytes, but are traditionally identified on a case-by-case basis with technical challenges. As a result, extrinsic regulation of phagocytosis is poorly defined. Here we demonstrate that microglial phagocytosis ligands can be systematically identified by a new approach of functional screening. One of the identified ligands is reticulocalbin-1 (Rcn1), which was originally reported as a Ca²⁺-binding protein with a strict expression in the endoplasmic reticulum. Our results showed that Rcn1 can be secreted from healthy cells and that secreted Rcn1 selectively bound to the surface of apoptotic neurons, but not healthy neurons. Independent characterization revealed that Rcn1 stimulated microglial phagocytosis of apoptotic but not healthy neurons. Ingested apoptotic cells were targeted to phagosomes and co-localized with phagosome marker Rab7. These data suggest that Rcn1 is a genuine phagocytosis ligand. The new approach described in this study will enable systematic identification of microglial phagocytosis ligands with broad applicability to many other phagocytes.</p></div

Rcn1 stimulates microglial phagocytosis.

<p>(A) Expression of Rcn1-FLAG, FLAG-Tulp1 and GFP-FLAG in Neuro-2A cells was verified by Western blot using anti-FLAG mAb. (B) Rcn1 facilitates BV-2 microglial phagocytosis. Rcn1-FLAG, FLAG-Tulp1 (positive control) or GFP-FLAG (negative control) was expressed in Neuro-2A cells. Cells were treated with or without etoposide to induce apoptosis, labeled with pHrodo, incubated with BV-2 microglia for phagocytosis, and analyzed by confocal microscopy. Scale bar = 50 μm. (C) Percentage of BV-2 cells with phagocytosed cargos in (B) were quantified by ImageJ (<u>+</u> s.e.m., *** <i>P</i><0.0001, n = 3, t-test).</p

Rcn1 mediates microglial engulfment via phagocytosis pathway.

<p>Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by BV-2 microglia was performed as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0126993#pone.0126993.g002" target="_blank">Fig 2A</a>. Phagosome marker Rab7 was detected using anti-Rab7 antibody and FITC-labeled secondary antibody, and analyzed by confocal microscopy. The z-stack images of pHrodo and FITC are co-localized and superimposed with cognate DAPI signals and bright fields. Bar = 10 μm.</p