Peraturan Bersama Menteri Agama dan Menteri dalam Negeri Nomor 08 dan 09 Tahun 2006 Tentang Pendirian Rumah Ibadat (Kajian dalam Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia )

Pundamental 1945 Constitution as the rule has been set explicitly for religious freedom in the run by followers, who belong to one human rights has, but in reality the persecution of religious life and often inevitable. Between religious persecution can come from various directions such as harassing each other, mutual intimidate(violence) and that most often occurs between religious persecution that is prihal establishment synagogue. Therefore, in terms of the establishment of the synagogue there must be government intervention to regulate it, if in this case given the freedom and without any clear rules, the sectarian conflict will not be able to avoid. One step from the government to avoid conflict in the establishment of the synagogue is to be issued the Joint Decree of the Minister of Religious Affairs and the Minister of Home Affairs Number 08 and Number 09 Year 2006 About the Construction of Houses of Worship that aims to create harmony and peace between religious and have certainty Strong law

Structure–Property Relationship of Supramolecular Rotators of Coronene in Charge-Transfer Solids

Single crystals of charge-transfer (CT) complexes composed of the polyaromatic hydrocarbon, coronene, as an electron donor (D) and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) analogues as electron acceptor (A) were obtained. Elucidation of crystal structures of CT complexes enables a systematic investigation of dynamic properties of coronene molecules lying in different types of crystalline environments. Solid-state ²H NMR spectra of CT complexes formed with deuterated coronene confirmed the in-plane 6-fold flipping motion of the coronene molecules. The dihedral angle between adjacent coronene and TCNQ analogue within the DA-type alternating π-column is closely correlated with the dynamic properties, such as rotational rate and activation energy. Side-by-side intermolecular hydrogen-bonding also seems to have an effect in ways that lead to the suppressed rotation. These findings would provide an initial step toward the selection, design, and engineering of counter components of supramolecular rotators in the CT solids

Structure–Property Relationship of Supramolecular Rotators of Coronene in Charge-Transfer Solids

Single crystals of charge-transfer (CT) complexes composed of the polyaromatic hydrocarbon, coronene, as an electron donor (D) and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) analogues as electron acceptor (A) were obtained. Elucidation of crystal structures of CT complexes enables a systematic investigation of dynamic properties of coronene molecules lying in different types of crystalline environments. Solid-state ²H NMR spectra of CT complexes formed with deuterated coronene confirmed the in-plane 6-fold flipping motion of the coronene molecules. The dihedral angle between adjacent coronene and TCNQ analogue within the DA-type alternating π-column is closely correlated with the dynamic properties, such as rotational rate and activation energy. Side-by-side intermolecular hydrogen-bonding also seems to have an effect in ways that lead to the suppressed rotation. These findings would provide an initial step toward the selection, design, and engineering of counter components of supramolecular rotators in the CT solids

Structure–Property Relationship of Supramolecular Rotators of Coronene in Charge-Transfer Solids

Single crystals of charge-transfer (CT) complexes composed of the polyaromatic hydrocarbon, coronene, as an electron donor (D) and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) analogues as electron acceptor (A) were obtained. Elucidation of crystal structures of CT complexes enables a systematic investigation of dynamic properties of coronene molecules lying in different types of crystalline environments. Solid-state ²H NMR spectra of CT complexes formed with deuterated coronene confirmed the in-plane 6-fold flipping motion of the coronene molecules. The dihedral angle between adjacent coronene and TCNQ analogue within the DA-type alternating π-column is closely correlated with the dynamic properties, such as rotational rate and activation energy. Side-by-side intermolecular hydrogen-bonding also seems to have an effect in ways that lead to the suppressed rotation. These findings would provide an initial step toward the selection, design, and engineering of counter components of supramolecular rotators in the CT solids

Exploration of Charge-Transfer Solids Utilizing Nucleobases: Nanoarchitectures by Hydrogen-Bonds in the Ionic Assemblies of Guanine and TCNQ Derivatives

We studied formation and structural characteristics of charge-transfer solids of 9-<i>n</i>-butylguanine (<b>BuG</b>) with fluorinated tetracyanoquinodimethane derivatives (F_<i>n</i>TCNQ, <i>n</i> = 4, 2, and 1). Complex formation in a methanol (MeOH)-containing solvent generated two types of salts composed of either a methoxy-substituted anion or a fully ionic anion radical of F_<i>n</i>TCNQ. In all anion radical salts, <b>BuG</b> existed as a protonated or a hemiprotonated species, <b>BuGH</b>^<b>+</b> or (<b>BuG</b>)­(<b>BuGH</b>^<b>+</b>), respectively, and formed hydrogen-bonded (H-bonded) assemblies. In these <b>BuGH</b>^<b>+</b> assemblies, F_<i>n</i>TCNQ^•– molecules were fixed and aligned periodically, providing H-bonded polycationic templates. In (<b>BuGH</b>^<b>+</b>)­(F₄TCNQ^•–), <b>BuGH</b>^<b>+</b> dimers by complementary H-bonds formed a two-dimensional (2D) polycationic sheet. The F₄TCNQ^•– face-to-face dimers formed a one-dimensional (1D) segregated column aided by formation of H-bonds with <b>BuGH</b>^<b>+</b>. In (<b>BuGH</b>^<b>+</b>)­(F₂TCNQ^•–)­(MeOH), <b>BuGH</b>^<b>+</b> dimers by complementary double H-bonds formed a 1D polycationic ribbon supported by MeOH-mediated H-bonds. A 1D mixed stack column of (<b>BuGH</b>^<b>+</b>)₂ and (F₂TCNQ^•–)₂ dimers was formed owing to their complementary geometry and size. In (<b>BuG</b>)­(<b>BuGH</b>^<b>+</b>)­(F₁TCNQ^•–), a new type of <b>BuG</b>–<b>BuGH</b>^<b>+</b> pair formed a 1D ribbon supported by complementary H-bonds, and F₁TCNQ^•– dimers were aligned by H-bonds with the <b>BuG</b>–<b>BuGH</b>^<b>+</b> ribbon

Systematic Control of Hole-Injection Barrier Height with Electron Acceptors in [7]phenacene Single-Crystal Field-Effect Transistors

The interface between the single crystal and the Au source/drain electrodes in [7]­phenacene single-crystal field-effect transistors (FETs) was modified using 14 electron acceptors with different redox potentials. The effective hole-injection barrier heights (ϕ_h^effs) for [7]­phenacene single-crystal FETs have been plotted as a function of the redox potential (<i>E</i>_redox) of the inserted electron acceptors, showing that the ϕ_h^eff decreases with increasing <i>E</i>_redox. The highest ϕ_h^eff occurs without inserted material (electron acceptors), and this deviates from the otherwise linear relationship between ϕ_h^eff and <i>E</i>_redox. We have investigated the temperature dependence of ϕ_h^eff in an attempt to determine why the ϕ_h^eff value without inserted material is so high, which suggests that no additional barrier, such as a tunneling barrier, is formed in the device. We conclude that the pure Schottky barrier in this FET is lowered very significantly by the insertion of an electron acceptor. The gate-voltage dependence of ϕ_h^eff suggests a slight reduction of Schottky barrier height owing to hole accumulation. Furthermore, the clear correlation between threshold voltage and redox potential suggests a relationship between threshold voltage and ϕ_h^eff. Controlling the interface between the single crystal and the source/drain electrodes in this FET produced a very high μ (∼6.9 cm² V^–1 s^–1) and low absolute threshold voltage, i.e., excellent FET characteristics. The topological characterization of inserted materials on [7]­phenacene single crystals are achieved using atomic force microscope (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the single crystals are not completely covered with the inserted materials and the inhomogeneous modification of inserted materials for single crystals effectively leads to the drastic change of hole-injection barrier between source/drain electrodes and single-crystal active layer

Exploration of Charge-Transfer Solids Utilizing Nucleobases: Nanoarchitectures by Hydrogen-Bonds in the Ionic Assemblies of Guanine and TCNQ Derivatives

We studied formation and structural characteristics of charge-transfer solids of 9-<i>n</i>-butylguanine (<b>BuG</b>) with fluorinated tetracyanoquinodimethane derivatives (F_<i>n</i>TCNQ, <i>n</i> = 4, 2, and 1). Complex formation in a methanol (MeOH)-containing solvent generated two types of salts composed of either a methoxy-substituted anion or a fully ionic anion radical of F_<i>n</i>TCNQ. In all anion radical salts, <b>BuG</b> existed as a protonated or a hemiprotonated species, <b>BuGH</b>^<b>+</b> or (<b>BuG</b>)­(<b>BuGH</b>^<b>+</b>), respectively, and formed hydrogen-bonded (H-bonded) assemblies. In these <b>BuGH</b>^<b>+</b> assemblies, F_<i>n</i>TCNQ^•– molecules were fixed and aligned periodically, providing H-bonded polycationic templates. In (<b>BuGH</b>^<b>+</b>)­(F₄TCNQ^•–), <b>BuGH</b>^<b>+</b> dimers by complementary H-bonds formed a two-dimensional (2D) polycationic sheet. The F₄TCNQ^•– face-to-face dimers formed a one-dimensional (1D) segregated column aided by formation of H-bonds with <b>BuGH</b>^<b>+</b>. In (<b>BuGH</b>^<b>+</b>)­(F₂TCNQ^•–)­(MeOH), <b>BuGH</b>^<b>+</b> dimers by complementary double H-bonds formed a 1D polycationic ribbon supported by MeOH-mediated H-bonds. A 1D mixed stack column of (<b>BuGH</b>^<b>+</b>)₂ and (F₂TCNQ^•–)₂ dimers was formed owing to their complementary geometry and size. In (<b>BuG</b>)­(<b>BuGH</b>^<b>+</b>)­(F₁TCNQ^•–), a new type of <b>BuG</b>–<b>BuGH</b>^<b>+</b> pair formed a 1D ribbon supported by complementary H-bonds, and F₁TCNQ^•– dimers were aligned by H-bonds with the <b>BuG</b>–<b>BuGH</b>^<b>+</b> ribbon

Improved Dynamic Properties of Charge-Transfer-Type Supramolecular Rotor Composed of Coronene and F₄TCNQ

A charge-transfer (CT)-type supramolecular rotor, (coronene)₂F₄TCNQ, was obtained by vacuum co-sublimation. The CT complex has an unprecedented crystal structure consisting only of DDA-type alternating π-columns of coronene (D) and electron acceptor (A), and coronene molecules with a pronounced undulating structure form no C–H···F hydrogen bonds with adjacent F₄TCNQ molecules in the side-by-side direction. These structural features are in contrast with those reported for (coronene)­F₄TCNQ that has DA-type alternating π-columns, which was obtained by diffusion in dichloromethane/pentane. Coronene molecules in the present complex undergo an in-plane rotation in the gigahertz region at 233 K, which is 3 orders of magnitude faster than that in (coronene)­F₄TCNQ. Furthermore, the activation energy for the rotation was found to be about half of the value reported for (coronene)­F₄TCNQ. These results clearly demonstrate that dynamic properties of the assemblies (CT complexes) can be varied by changing the assembly method (crystallization method), even when the parts (molecules) used as rotator and stator components are the same