Not Available

Not AvailableThe inter relationships between the two progenitors is interesting as both wild relatives are known to be the great untapped gene reservoirs. The debate continues on granting a separate species status to Oryza nivara. The present study was conducted on populations of Oryza rufipogon and Oryza nivara from Eastern India employing morphological and molecular characteristics. The cluster analysis of the data on morphological traits could clearly classify the two wild forms into two separate discrete groups without any overlaps i.e. lack of intermediate forms, suggesting the non-sympatric existence of the wild forms. Amplification of hyper variable regions of the genome could reveal 144 alleles suggesting high genetic diversity values (average He = 0.566). Moreover, with 42.37% of uncommon alleles between the two wild relatives, the molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) could detect only 21% of total variation (p < 0.001) among them and rest 59% was within them. The population structure analysis clearly classified these two wild populations into two distinct sub-populations (K = 2) without any overlaps i.e. lack of intermediate forms, suggesting the non-sympatric existence of the wild forms. Clear differentiation into two distinct groups indicates that O. rufipogon and O. nivara could be treated as two different species.Not Availabl

Nuclear and Chloroplast DNA Variation Provides Insights into Population Structure and Multiple Origin of Native Aromatic Rices of Odisha, India

<div><p>A large number of short grain aromatic rice suited to the agro-climatic conditions and local preferences are grown in niche areas of different parts of India and their diversity is evolved over centuries as a result of selection by traditional farmers. Systematic characterization of these specialty rices has not been attempted. An effort was made to characterize 126 aromatic short grain rice landraces, collected from 19 different districts in the State of Odisha, from eastern India. High level of variation for grain quality and agronomic traits among these aromatic rices was observed and genotypes having desirable phenotypic traits like erect flag leaf, thick culm, compact and dense panicles, short plant stature, early duration, superior yield and grain quality traits were identified. A total of 24 SSR markers corresponding to the hyper variable regions of rice chromosomes were used to understand the genetic diversity and to establish the genetic relationship among the aromatic short grain rice landraces at nuclear genome level. SSR analysis of 126 genotypes from Odisha and 10 genotypes from other states revealed 110 alleles with an average of 4.583 and the Nei’s genetic diversity value (<i>He</i>) was in the range of 0.034–0.880 revealing two sub-populations SP 1 (membership percentage-27.1%) and SP 2 (72.9%). At the organelle genomic level for the C/A repeats in PS1D sequence of chloroplasts, eight different plastid sub types and 33 haplotypes were detected. The <i>japonica</i> (Nipponbare) subtype (6C7A) was detected in 100 genotypes followed by <i>O</i>. <i>rufipogon</i> (KF428978) subtype (6C6A) in 13 genotypes while <i>indica</i> (93–11) sub type (8C8A) was seen in 14 genotypes. The tree constructed based on haplotypes suggests that short grain aromatic landraces might have independent origin of these plastid subtypes. Notably a wide range of diversity was observed among these landraces cultivated in different parts confined to the State of Odisha.</p></div

Distribution of duration and amylose content in short grain aromatic rice genotypes collected from 19 districts.

<p>Note: Numbers in the x-axis represent 19 different districts [Anugul (1), Balasore (2), Bolangir (3), Cuttack (4), Deogarh (5), Dhenkanal (6), Ganjam (7), Jajpur (8), Kalahandi (9), Kendrapara (10), Kenojhar (11), Koraput (12), Malkangiri (13), Mayurbhanj (14), Nayagarh (15), Kandhamal (16), Puri (17), Sambalpur (18) and Sundargarh (19)].</p

Sampling sites in nineteen districts of Odisha (India) and information on population structure

<p>Sampling sites in nineteen districts of Odisha (India) and information on population structure</p

Analysis of molecular variance of short grain aromatic rices based on SSR marker data (district wise).

<p>Analysis of molecular variance of short grain aromatic rices based on SSR marker data (district wise).</p

Genetic diversity parameters calculated on SSR data.

<p>Genetic diversity parameters calculated on SSR data.</p

Variability for different agronomic and grain quality traits in short grain aromatic rices.

<p>Variability for different agronomic and grain quality traits in short grain aromatic rices.</p