61 research outputs found

    Inhibition of the Eukaryotic 80S Ribosome as a Potential Anticancer Therapy: A Structural Perspective.

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    Protein biosynthesis is a vital process for all kingdoms of life. The ribosome is the massive ribonucleoprotein machinery that reads the genetic code, in the form of messenger RNA (mRNA), to produce proteins. The mechanism of translation is tightly regulated to ensure that cell growth is well sustained. Because of the central role fulfilled by the ribosome, it is not surprising that halting its function can be detrimental and incompatible with life. In bacteria, the ribosome is a major target of inhibitors, as demonstrated by the high number of small molecules identified to bind to it. In eukaryotes, the design of ribosome inhibitors may be used as a therapy to treat cancer cells, which exhibit higher proliferation rates compared to healthy ones. Exciting experimental achievements gathered during the last few years confirmed that the ribosome indeed represents a relevant platform for the development of anticancer drugs. We provide herein an overview of the latest structural data that helped to unveil the molecular bases of inhibition of the eukaryotic ribosome triggered by small molecules

    TEACHING THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AT THE LEVEL OF PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION AS A LINGUO-DIDACTIC PROBLEM

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    Abstract. The paper focuses on one of the most up-to-date issues in the sphere of the theory and methodology of teaching the Russian language – the theoretical grounding and practical elaboration of nationally oriented methods of teaching Russian as a foreign language. In our research work, we used such methods and techniques as analysis, observation, description, comparison, collation, and generalization. The results go as follows: despite the attempts made by linguodidacts in the last two decades, many problems remain unsolved. In particular, the methods of teaching the Russian language to foreign students studying music are least developed. It is found out that currently the specificity of preparing foreign students at the stages of preparatory and postgraduate professional education is not taken into accountproperly. It is proved that it is more efficient to pay more attention to communicative exercises that allow students toΒ use professional lexis and terminology, compile two-language glossaries that are aimed to help students study terminology faster and in a more easy way. We believe that this study contributes to the field of linguodidactics and might be interesting to all those who teach Russian to Chinese students.Keywords: linguodidactics, Russian language, Chinese students, professional education, methodology ofteaching

    Analysis of the application of a chemical method for preventing hydrate formation on the example of the Novo-Chaselskoye field

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    In the presented work, the possibility of preventing the formation of gas hydrates at the Novo-Chaselskoye field by means of metered methanol injection is considered. The current state of field development and information on reserves are presented. A method for calculating the amount of an inhibitor (methanol) required to prevent hydrate formation for Cenomanian gas is presented. As a result of the study, the amount of methanol consumption for hydrate-free well operation was calculated, the conditions and places of possible hydrate occurrence were analyzed, and the required amount of hydrate formation inhibitor was calculated to be supplied to the wellhead to prevent hydrate precipitation

    ΠŸΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… источников мСдицинских Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π° основС микросСрвисной Π°Ρ€Ρ…ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹

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    Π—Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡Π° ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ мСдицинской ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π² настоящСС врСмя Π² нашСй странС ΠΈ Π·Π° Ρ€ΡƒΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠΎΠΌ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ посрСдством Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… мСдицинских ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… систСм, прСимущСствСнно локального ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΉ. ΠŸΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Ρ€Π°ΡΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ объСм ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ наряду с Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ обСспСчСния прозрачности ΠΈ прССмствСнности ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ мСдицинских Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… (Π² частности, ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρƒ, ΠΏΠΎ Π±Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Ρ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ заболСваниям) Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… организациях Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… источников. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ поставлСнной Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ΠΈ являСтся Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π²Π΅Π±-ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ прилоТСния доступными ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³Ρƒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π±Π΅Π· высоких Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊ ΠΈΡ… Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ возмоТностям. Π’ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ рассматриваСтся ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… источников мСдицинской ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ основан Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°Ρ… построСния микросСрвисных Π²Π΅Π±-Π°Ρ€Ρ…ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΡ€. ΠšΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠ»ΡŒ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ использован нСзависимо ΠΎΡ‚ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠ»Π΅ΠΉ, прСдоставляя ΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΡƒ Π²Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π² соотвСтствии с принятой схСмой Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…. ΠŸΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ этапов ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°Ρ‡Ρƒ управлСния ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ модулям Π² Ρ„ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΡƒ Cron. Π’ схСмС дСкларируСтся Π΄Π²Π° Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° схСм Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… – локальная (ΠΎΡ‚ мСдицинских ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… систСм) ΠΈ глобальная (для Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ систСмы хранСния), ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ прСдусмотрСны ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ‹ отобраТСния ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΡƒ построСния XSLT-Ρ‚Π°Π±Π»ΠΈΡ†. Π’Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π° прСдставляСтся модСрнизация систСмы хранСния мСдицинской ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉΡΡ Π² создании Π·Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΉ основного сСрвСра с пСриодичСской Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом взаимодСйствиС ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ сСрвСрами Ρ…Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ‰ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… осущСствляСтся ΠΏΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΡƒ систСм доставки ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π° с созданиСм сСанса соСдинСния ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΡƒ блиТайшСго расстояния ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ, рассчитанного ΠΏΠΎ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡƒΠ»Π΅ гавСрсинусов. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π²Ρ‹Ρ‡ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ экспСримСнты Π½Π°Π΄ тСстовыми Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π±Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Ρ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ заболСваниям ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ для Π·Π°Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ для ΠΈΡ… получСния ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ систСмами. Π’ Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒ рСактивности ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ Π²Π΅Π±-ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π±Ρ‹Π» ΡƒΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅Π½ Π½Π° 40% ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΡΡ‚Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ соСдинСнии

    ΠšΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ†ΠΈΡ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ пространства Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…

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    Π—Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π³Π° ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ поля ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ прСимущСствСнно Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… обсСрваторий ΠΈ Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… станций, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΡ‹ΠΌ прСпятствиСм ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… наряду с ΠΈΡ… пространствСнной Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ пропуски (ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ΅ отсутствиС) достовСрных Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ частичноС нСсоотвСтствиС установлСнному Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρƒ. ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ (сущСствСнно услоТняСт) Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΡ… автоматичСской ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ примСнСния ΠΊ Π½ΠΈΠΌ инструмСнтария для частотного Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°. Π˜Π·Π²Π΅ΡΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π±Π°Π·ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ прСимущСствСнно Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ консолидации ΠΈ лишь частично Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡƒ. ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Π΅ Π² Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ трСбованиям IAGAΒ (International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy β€” ΠœΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ассоциации Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ аэрономии), Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹ΠΌ ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… наблюдСний. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом пропуски Π²ΠΎ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… рядах ΡƒΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π½ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ извСстными срСдствами ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ‚ΡΡƒΡ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€ΠΊΠΈ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ, ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ привСсти ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π΅ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎ Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ измСнСния ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ поля ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ, Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ шага дискрСтизации, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΊ нСоднородности Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ряда. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ созданию Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ пространства Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…, основанный Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ консолидации ΠΈ Ρ„Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡƒ исходных Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… рядов с ΠΎΠΏΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ доступной ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡ… восстановлСния ΠΈΒ Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… вычислСний ΠΈ иСрархичСского Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π° с Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒΡŽ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Ρ‹Ρ‡ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ скорости ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΡ… объСмов Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ слСдствиС, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ качСствСнных ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…

    E-site drug specificity of the human pathogen Candida albicans ribosome

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    International audienceCandida albicans is a widespread commensal fungus with substantial pathogenic potential and steadily increasing resistance to current antifungal drugs. It is known to be resistant to cycloheximide (CHX) that binds to the E–transfer RNA binding site of the ribosome. Because of lack of structural information, it is neither possible to understand the nature of the resistance nor to develop novel inhibitors. To overcome this issue, we determined the structure of the vacant C. albicans 80 S ribosome at 2.3 angstroms and its complexes with bound inhibitors at resolutions better than 2.9 angstroms using cryo–electron microscopy. Our structures reveal how a change in a conserved amino acid in ribosomal protein eL42 explains CHX resistance in C. albicans and forms a basis for further antifungal drug development

    Mechanism of ribosome shutdown by RsfS in Staphylococcus aureus revealed by integrative structural biology approach.

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    Funder: The Russian Government Program of Competitive Growth of Kazan Federal UniversityFor the sake of energy preservation, bacteria, upon transition to stationary phase, tone down their protein synthesis. This process is favored by the reversible binding of small stress-induced proteins to the ribosome to prevent unnecessary translation. One example is the conserved bacterial ribosome silencing factor (RsfS) that binds to uL14 protein onto the large ribosomal subunit and prevents its association with the small subunit. Here we describe the binding mode of Staphylococcus aureus RsfS to the large ribosomal subunit and present a 3.2 Å resolution cryo-EM reconstruction of the 50S-RsfS complex together with the crystal structure of uL14-RsfS complex solved at 2.3 Å resolution. The understanding of the detailed landscape of RsfS-uL14 interactions within the ribosome shed light on the mechanism of ribosome shutdown in the human pathogen S. aureus and might deliver a novel target for pharmacological drug development and treatment of bacterial infections

    Aminoglycoside interactions and impacts on the eukaryotic ribosome

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    Aminoglycosides are chemically diverse, broad-spectrum antibiotics that target functional centers within the bacterial ribosome to impact all four principle stages (initiation, elongation, termination, and recycling) of the translation mechanism. The propensity of aminoglycosides to induce miscoding errors that suppress the termination of protein synthesis supports their potential as therapeutic interventions in human diseases associated with premature termination codons (PTCs). However, the sites of interaction of aminoglycosides with the eukaryotic ribosome and their modes of action in eukaryotic translation remain largely unexplored. Here, we use the combination of X-ray crystallography and single-molecule FRET analysis to reveal the interactions of distinct classes of aminoglycosides with the 80S eukaryotic ribosome. Crystal structures of the 80S ribosome in complex with paromomycin, geneticin (G418), gentamicin, and TC007, solved at 3.3- to 3.7-A resolution, reveal multiple aminoglycoside-binding sites within the large and small subunits, wherein the 6'-hydroxyl substituent in ring I serves as a key determinant of binding to the canonical eukaryotic ribosomal decoding center. Multivalent binding interactions with the human ribosome are also evidenced through their capacity to affect large-scale conformational dynamics within the pretranslocation complex that contribute to multiple aspects of the translation mechanism. The distinct impacts of the aminoglycosides examined suggest that their chemical composition and distinct modes of interaction with the ribosome influence PTC read-through efficiency. These findings provide structural and functional insights into aminoglycoside-induced impacts on the eukaryotic ribosome and implicate pleiotropic mechanisms of action beyond decoding

    Eukaryotic Ribosome as a Target for Cardiovascular Disease

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    International audienceCardiovascular diseases have been associated with genetic variants and increased plasma level of the secreted protein PCSK9. In this issue of Cell Chemical Biology, Petersen et al. (2016) describe an inhibitor of PCSK9 secretion in human cells that, surprisingly, targets the 80S ribosome
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