Colloidal-Chemical Parameters of Petroleum-collecting and Dispersing Surfactants Based on Vegetable Oil Acid Fractions and 2-(Chloromethyl) Oxirane

Novel surfactants have been synthesized by catalytic chloropropoxylation reaction of carboxylic acid fractions of sunflower, olive, cottonseed, soya-bean, castor and corn oils with 2-(chloromethyl)oxirane. Colloidal-chemical parameters as well as petroleum-collecting and petroleum-dispersing capacities of the synthesized chloropropoxylate esters having heterochain of various lengths have been determined. Influence of carboxylic acid fractions composition and length of chloroxypropylene chain on petroleum-collecting and dispersing capacities has been revealed

Petroleum-Collecting And Dispersing Chemicals For Cleaning Sea Surface From Thin Petroleum Slicks

Monoethylolamide, diethylolamide and triethanolamine ester synthesized by us based on fish oil and their phosphate derivatives being surface-active and ecologically safe possess a high capacity of petroleum collecting and dispersing. When introducing phosphate group, a tendency to replacement of petroleum slick dispersing by its collection (accumulation into a spot) is observed. Efficiency of the chemicals change depends on the type and concentration of ions in the water. Such salts as NaCl, KI, KBr, and MgSO4 positively influence petroleum-collecting activity whereas K2CO3 and NaHCO3 cause petroleum dispersing

Group velocity mismatch at ultrashort electromagnetic pulse propagation in nonlinear metamaterials

The parametric interaction of optical wave pulses in metamaterials is considered in the first approximation of the theory of dispersion. The interaction between the quasi-monochromatic pump wave and the wave pulse at the total frequency with quadratic phase modulation is assumed. The results of calculation of the shape of the spectrum of an excited signal wave at a difference frequency are presented for low frequency pumping. It is shown that the effects of group mismatch in metamaterials lead to a narrowing of the spectrum of the excited wave. With an increase in the modulation degree of a weak exciting wave, the spectrum of the excited wave broadens

Anionic cocogem surfactants containing propyl-2-ol groups: Synthesis, surface properties and antibacterial activity against SRB bacteria

Cocogem surfactants are synthesized based on the neutralization reaction of higher monocarboxylic acids (octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, heptadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid) and 2:1 mol of N,N'-bis(propyl-2-ol)ethylenediamine). Krafft temperatures of these surfactants and colloidal chemical properties of their aqueous solutions were determined by using tensiometric and conductometric measurements. Surface activity parameters of cocogem surfactants, critical micelle concentration (CMC), counter-ion binding degree (β), the surface tension reduction effectiveness (πCMC), excess concentration of surface (Γmax), as well as area per molecule at the interface (Amin), Gibbs free energy (ΔGad and ΔGmic) values of adsorption and micellar formation processes are calculated. The size of the aggregates formed by anionic cocogem surfactants in an aqueous solution was determined by the DLS method. It was defined that cocogem surfactants have antibacterial properties against SRB, which is considered to be the most dangerous for the oil industry