Ekspresija E-selektina u mišjem sjemeniku nakon njegove pokusne torzije (ishemije/reperfuzije).

Germ cell-specific apoptosis occurs after ischemia/reperfusion of the testis and is dependent on E-selectin expression. The aim of the study was to determine differences in E-selectin expression in testes tissues of control, sham and treatment groups after ischemia/reperfusion in mice. Mice were subjected to 720° testicular torsion for 1 h or 2 h duration (ischemia) followed by detorsion (reperfusion). After 2 h of reperfusion, the testes were fixed in Bouin fixative and immunohistochemical analysis performed for E-Selectin expression. E-selectin expression increased in the ischemic testis and contralateral testis after 2 h of reperfusion in mice. This increase in E-selectin expression may confirm that E-selectins play a key role in mediating of apoptosis in germ cells after ischemia/reperfusion. Thus, the blockage of E-selectins might be a strategy for rescue of post-ischemic testes.Apoptoza germinativnih stanica javlja se nakon ishemije i reperfuzije sjemenika, a ovisna je o ekspresiji E-selektina. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je odrediti razlike u ekspresiji E-selektina u tkivu sjemenika kontrolne, placebo i pokusne skupine nakon ishemije/reperfuzije u miševa. Miševi su bili podvrgnuti torziji sjemenika od 7200 tijekom jednog ili dva sata (ishemija), nakon čega je slijedila detorzija (reperfuzija). Nakon dva sata reperfuzije tkivo sjemenika bilo je fiksirano u Bouinovom fiksativu i pretraženo imunohistokemijski na ekspresiju E-selektina. Ekspresija E-selektina povećala se u ishemičnih sjemenika nakon dva sata reperfuzije. Može se reći da povećanje ekspresije E-selektina potvrđuje njhovu ključnu ulogu u nastanku apoptoze germinativnih stanica nakon ishemije/reperfuzije pa bi blokada E-selektina mogla biti od važnosti za spašavanje sjemenika nakon ishemije

Remaining idle time aware intelligent channel bonding schemes for cognitive radio sensor networks

Channel bonding (CB) is a technique used to provide larger bandwidth to users. It has been applied to various networks such as wireless local area networks, wireless sensor networks, cognitive radio networks, and cognitive radio sensor networks (CRSNs). The implementation of CB in CRSNs needs special attention as primary radio (PR) nodes traffic must be protected from any harmful interference by cognitive radio (CR) sensor nodes. On the other hand, CR sensor nodes need to communicate without interruption to meet their data rate requirements and conserve energy. If CR nodes perform frequent channel switching due to PR traffic then it will be difficult to meet their quality of service and data rate requirements. So, CR nodes need to select those channels which are stable. By stable, we mean those channels which having less PR activity or long remaining idle time and cause less harmful interference to PR nodes. In this paper, we propose two approaches remaining idle time aware intelligent channel bonding (RITCB) and remaining idle time aware intelligent channel bonding with interference prevention (RITCB-IP) for cognitive radio sensor networks which select stable channels for CB which have longest remaining idle time. We compare our approaches with four schemes such as primary radio user activity aware channel bonding scheme, sample width algorithm, cognitive radio network over white spaces and AGILE. Simulation results show that our proposed approaches RITCB and RITCB-IP decrease harmful interference and increases the life time of cognitive radio sensor nodes

Stimulation of Protein Expression Through the Harmonic Resonance of Frequency-Specific Music

Purpose: The use of specific frequencies for specific individual amino acids may increase the potential energy of protein molecules in the medium [1]. The resonance would also increase the movement of particles in the cytosol, increasing the collisions necessary for the conduction of protein expression. Methods: The clash of two waves that share frequencies will exhibit an increase in energy through an increase in amplitude [2]. The increase in energy would in turn increase the number of collisions forming the tRNA-amino acid, increasing the amino acid acquiry for ribosomes to improve intracellular efficiency in gene expression. To test the hypothesis, Red Fluorescent Protein (RFP) in transformated BL-21 strains of E. coli and p53 protein of MCF-7 were examined after exposure to sounds of specific frequencies. Results: Through the exposure of the experimental systems to a sequence of sounds that match the frequencies of specific amino acids, the levels of RFP exhibition respective to the control groups in the bacterial medium increased two-fold in terms of RFU. The experiments that targeted the p53 protein with the ‘music’ showed a decrease in the cell prevalence in the MCF-7 type breast cancer cells by 28%, by decreasing the speed of tumour formation. Conclusion: Exposure to ‘music’ that was designed through assigning a musical note for every single one of the twenty unique amino acids, produced both an analytical and a visible shift in protein synthesis, making it as potential tool for reducing procedural time uptake

Oral Papillomatosis in a Dog and its Therapy with Taurolidine

The efficacy of taurolidine on the treatment of oral papillomatosis in a 1-year-old Turkish Kangal dog was evaluated. Diagnosis of the papillomatosis was based on clinical signs, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. The dog received 45 mg/kg taurolidine intravenously every 3 days. Regression of papillomas started to be observed after the beginning of treatment, and complete resolution occurred after the fifth application

Nesidioblastosis in a Simmental Calf

A 2-day-old Simmental calf with arthrogryposis and astasia was subjected to necropsy examination. The calf was normoglycaemic and normoinsulinaemic. Microscopically, pancreatic tissue was hyperplastic with an irregular lobular arrangement of pancreatic islets. Newly-formed islet cells budded from intralobular or inter-calated ducts (so-called ductulo-insular complexes) and there were prominent blood vessels with telangiectatic features surrounded by rows of cuboidal-columnar islet cells. The newly-formed islets expressed insulin antigen immunohistochemically. The lesion was diagnosed as nesidioblastosis, an uncommon abnormality previously associated with the double muscling trait in cattle. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Ki67 expression in the cerebellum of dogs with distemper

As the canine distemper virus (CDV) induces demyelination in the central nervous system, partially due to losses of glial cells, the aim of the present study was to determine the Ki67 immunoreactivity in demyelinated regions from cerebellum of dogs with acute and chronic CDV infection. Cerebella from naturally infected dogs (n = 12) were routinely processed for histopathology and the observed lesions were conventionally classified as acute (n = 6) or chronic (n = 6) cases. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed in parallel for detecting the CDV antigen using a mouse anti-CDV monoclonal antibody and for evaluating the proliferation index using a rabbit anti-Ki67 polyclonal antibody. Histological and immunohistochemical findings were compared to healthy cerebellum controls (n = 6). Contrary to controls, cerebella from infected dogs exhibited demyelinated areas, often moderate to severe, in which the viral presence was confirmed. Regarding the demyelination percentage, no significant difference was found between acute and chronic cases. The glial Ki67 proliferation indexes were roughly similar in the 2 groups of infected dogs and were markedly higher than in controls whereas the mean Ki67 immunopositive glial cell counts were dramatically increased in chronically infected dogs compared to the controls or to the acutely affected dogs. These results show that the glial cell proliferation progresses with the same intensity in both acute and chronic cases, although the total number of Ki67 positive cells is higher in chronically infected dogs, suggesting that compensatory mechanisms for counteracting demyelination

Immunohistochemical detection of autophagy-related microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) in the cerebellums of dogs naturally infected with canine distemper virus

We investigated the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) protein in the cerebellums of dogs infected with canine distemper virus (CDV) using immunohistochemistry to detect autophagy. The cerebellums of 20 dogs infected with CDV were used. Specimens showing demyelination of white matter were considered to have an acute infection, whereas specimens showing signs of severe perivascular cuffing and demyelination of white matter were classified as having chronic CDV. Cerebellar sections were immunostained with CDV and LC3 antibodies. The cytoplasm of Purkinje cells, granular layer cells, motor neurons in large cerebellar ganglia and some neurons in white matter were positive for the LC3 antibody in both the control and CDV-infected dogs. In the infected cerebellums, however, white matter was immunostained more intensely, particularly the neurons and gemistocytic astrocytes in the demyelinated areas, compared to controls. Autophagy also was demonstrated in CDV-positive cells using double immunofluorescence staining. Our findings indicate that increased autophagy in the cerebellum of dogs naturally infected with CDV may play a role in transferring the virus from cell to cell