Correlation between Parenting Styles and Learning Stress Junior High School Chinese class Students in Zibo City, China

In this study, we investigate the significance of parenting styles in the educational development of junior high school students, recognizing the vital role of family education during this formative period. As the primary educators of their children, parents wield considerable influence on their offspring’s lives, with family education offering distinct advantages over other forms of education. The status and role of family education remain undisputed. Parenting styles encompass a combination of upbringing concepts, behaviors, and emotional expressions toward children. We examine the characteristics and determining factors of different parenting styles, focusing on three typical family upbringing patterns: authoritative, Authoritarian, and democratic. Additionally, we explore the significant impact of these diverse parenting styles on students’ stress levels related to learning Chinese. The paper delves into the essential role of effective and suitable parenting styles in fostering comprehensive and healthy development in students. Furthermore, we elucidate the strategies and methods for establishing positive parenting styles. This quantitative correlational research involved a random sample of 330 participants, collected from three junior middle schools in Zibo City. Utilizing SPSS, we analyzed the relationship between parenting styles and Chinese learning stress among junior high school student

Facile structure design based on C3N4 for mediator-free Z-scheme water splitting under visible light

The authors thank the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) platform grant EP/K006800/1, EP/K036769/1 and EP/K022237/1 for financial support.In this work, two photocatalysts (i.e., C3N4 and WO3) were successfully combined into a heterojunction structure by a facile hydrothermal method for mediator-free overall water splitting, analogous to the natural photosynthesis over a two-step photoexcitation Z-scheme system. Hydrogen and oxygen are evolved with a 2 : 1 ratio by irradiating the C3N4-WO3 composites loaded with Pt under visible light (λ > 420 nm) without any redox mediator. Introducing reduced graphene oxide (rGO) into the C3N4-WO3 composites enhances the water splitting efficiency. Through optimizing the mass ratio in the C3N4-WO3 composites, rGO content, amount of loaded Pt and pH value of the reacting system, the highest H2/O2 evolution rates of 2.84 and 1.46 μmol h−1 can be obtained, with a quantum yield of 0.9%. Our findings demonstrate that the hydrothermal method is a promising strategy for constructing intimate heterostructures for Z-scheme water-splitting systems without using any redox mediator, and that rGO can be used to further enhance the performance in optimized conditions.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Study Design and Data Analysis of Artificial Pancreas Device Systems with Closed-Loop Glucose-Sensing Insulin Delivery

Objective: The objective of this article is to provide a high-profile review and discussion on the study design and statistical analysis of pivotal clinical trials conducted to demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of closed-loop investigational artificial pancreas device systems (APDSs) in premarket approval applications. Methods: The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance on the content of investigational device exemption and premarket approval applications for APDSs is reviewed with special emphasis on study design and statistical analysis of the pivotal clinical trials. The two pivotal studies for the MiniMed 670G hybrid closed-loop system by Medtronic in their premarket approval application are summarized and discussed. Results: The United States FDA established detailed recommendations on the study design and statistical analysis of pivotal clinical trials for the industry that seek market investigational APDSs and for FDA scientific reviewers that regulate the device applications. The recommendations cover specifics regarding patient population, clinical endpoints, and strategies for data analysis. However, the two pivotal studies that demonstrated the effectiveness of the FDA-approved MiniMed 670G hybrid closed-loop system were not typical randomized controlled trials as per FDA recommendations. Conclusion: The development and regulation of investigational APDSs require careful and sophisticated clinical study designs and data analysis in premarket approval applications. The regulatory evaluation process of the APDSs is rather complicated since the devices consist of multiple components that collaboratively function to mimic human pancreases

Solvothermal Synthesis of Gd

Uniform Gd2O3 : Eu3+ luminescent nanowires were prepared on a large scale by a facile solvothermal method using polyethylene glycol (PEG-2000) as template and ethanol as solvent; the properties and the structure were characterized. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) showed that the precursors are hexagonal phase Gd(OH)3 crystals, and the samples calcined at 800C° are cubic phase Gd2O3. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images indicated that the samples are nanowires with a diameter of 30 nm and a length of a few microns. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra showed that the ratio of D50→F72 to D50→F71 transition peak of the calcined samples is stronger than that of the precursors, which confirmed that the color purity of the Gd2O3 : Eu3+ is better than that of the precursors. The as-obtained Gd2O3 : Eu3+ luminescent nanowires show a strong red emission corresponding to D50→F72 transition (610 nm) of Eu3+ under ultraviolet excitation (250 nm), which have potential application in red-emitting phosphors and field emission display devices

Prevalent Exon-Intron Structural Changes in the APETALA1/FRUITFULL, SEPALLATA, AGAMOUS-LIKE6, and FLOWERING LOCUS C MADS-Box Gene Subfamilies Provide New Insights into Their Evolution

AP1/FUL, SEP, AGL6, and FLC subfamily genes play important roles in flower development. The phylogenetic relationships among them, however, have been controversial, which impedes our understanding of the origin and functional divergence of these genes. One possible reason for the controversy may be the problems caused by changes in the exon-intron structure of genes, which, according to recent studies, may generate non-homologous sites and hamper the homology-based sequence alignment. In this study, we first performed exon-by-exon alignments of these and three outgroup subfamilies (SOC1, AG, and STK). Phylogenetic trees reconstructed based on these matrices show improved resolution and better congruence with species phylogeny. In the context of these phylogenies, we traced evolutionary changes of exon-intron structures in each subfamily. We found that structural changes have occurred frequently following gene duplication and speciation events. Notably, exons 7 and 8 (if present) suffered more structural changes than others. With the knowledge of exon-intron structural changes, we generated more reasonable alignments containing all the focal subfamilies. The resulting trees showed that the SEP subfamily is sister to the monophyletic group formed by AP1/FUL and FLC subfamily genes and that the AGL6 subfamily forms a sister group to the three abovementioned subfamilies. Based on this topology, we inferred the evolutionary history of exon-intron structural changes among different subfamilies. Particularly, we found that the eighth exon originated before the divergence of AP1/FUL, FLC, SEP, and AGL6 subfamilies and degenerated in the ancestral FLC-like gene. These results provide new insights into the origin and evolution of the AP1/FUL, FLC, SEP, and AGL6 subfamilies