Interobserver reliability of radial head fracture classification : two-dimensional compared with three-dimensional CT

Background: The Broberg and Morrey modification of the Mason classification of radial head fractures has substantial interobserver variation. This study used a large web-based collaborative of experienced orthopaedic surgeons to test the hypothesis that three-dimensional reconstructions of computed tomography (CT) scans improve the interobserver reliability of the classification of radial head fractures according to the Broberg and Morrey modification of the Mason classification.Methods: Eighty-five orthopaedic surgeons evaluated twelve radial head fractures. They were randomly assigned to review either radiographs and two-dimensional CT scans or radiographs and three-dimensional CT images to determine the fracture classification, fracture characteristics, and treatment recommendations. The kappa multirater measure (&kappa;) was calculated to estimate agreement between observers.Results: Three-dimensional CT had moderate agreement and two-dimensional CT had fair agreement among observers for the Broberg and Morrey modification of the Mason classification, a difference that was significant. Observers assessed seven fracture characteristics, including fracture line, comminution, articular surface involvement, articular step or gap of &ge;2 mm, central impaction, recognition of more than three fracture fragments, and fracture fragments too small to repair. There was a significant difference in kappa values between three-dimensional CT and two-dimensional CT for fracture fragments too small to repair, recognition of three fracture fragments, and central impaction. The difference between the other four fracture characteristics was not significant. Among treatment recommendations, there was fair agreement for both three-dimensional CT and two-dimensional CT.Conclusions: Although three-dimensional CT led to some small but significant decreases in interobserver variation, there is still considerable disagreement regarding classification and characterization of radial head fractures. Three-dimensional CT may be insufficient to optimize interobserver agreement.<br /

Le site portuaire romain de Ratiatum (Rezé, Loire-Atlantique) : politique d'échantillonnage et études paléoenvironnementales (2013-2016)

Issu d'une communication au VIe Colloque international du Groupe d’Histoire des Zones Humides : Zones humides et ArchéologieInternational audienceBetween 2005 and 2016, the ancient harbour of Ratiatum (Rezé, Loire-Atlantique) was the subject of planned archaeological excavations which focused on the study of riverbank developments and Roman warehouses in the Saint-Lupien district. This eastern part of the agglomeration urbanized from the years 20-50 of our era and reached its commercial apogee in the course of the second century. Reporting to the city of Pictons, this city spread over about fi fty hectares along the edge of an arm of the Loire which turned progressively into a clogged waterway from the third century onwards.Since 2013, research has focused solely on harbour structures and their immediate environment. The levels exhumed have been the subject of paleoenvironmental studies, particularly important because of the excellent conservation of the remains preserved in a wet and anaerobic environment. Given the great extent of the excavation and the quantity of remains uncovered, the development of rarely applied approaches in fl uvial archaeology has been undertaken. Thus, in order to specify the harbour environment, a strategy for sampling preserved biological remains, both botanical and zoological, has been developed. This strategy, either systematic or punctual according to the excavation areas, consisted in intensifying and orienting the sediment samples to better answer the paleoenvironmental questions. The recommendations adopted for the collection of samples specifi c to each specialist were then listed in order to better meet their demands: samples in sections or buckets, during stripping or excavation phases, sending samples with or without treatment, carried out in the fi eld or in the laboratory (sieving, fl otation, washing), etc. A sample management and processing workshop was also set up on the site. The anaerobic environment characteristic of this plugged fl uvial context has thus constituted a formidable reserve favourable to numerous analyses: archaeozoological and ichthyological, entomological (in sediments and in woodstuff), palaeoparasitological, palynological, carpological, xylological, dendrological, den-hydrochronological, micropaleontological and geomorphological. These sedimentary archives scattered around banks offer unexpected keys to the operation and evolution of the harbour site during Antiquity.Entre 2005 et 2016, le port antique de Ratiatum (Rezé, Loire-Atlantique) a fait l’objet de fouilles archéologiques programmées. Elles portaient principalement sur l’étude des aménagements de berges et des entrepôts romains conservés au sein du quartier Saint-Lupien. Cette partie orientale de l’agglomération s’urbanise à partir des années 20-50 de notre ère et connaît son apogée dans le courant du IIe siècle. Relevant de la cité des Pictons, cette ville s’étendait sur une cinquantaine d’hectares au minimum, en bordure d’un bras de la Loire qui apparaît progressivement en voie de colmatage à partir du IIIe siècle.À partir de 2013, les recherches se sont concentrées uniquement sur les structures portuaires et leur environnement immédiat. Les niveaux exhumés ont fait l’objet d’études paléoenvironnementales, particulièrement importantes étant donné l’excellente conservation des vestiges préservés en milieu humide et anaérobie. Devant l’ampleur de l’emprise de la fouille et la quantité de vestiges mis au jour, le développement d’approches rarement appliquées en archéologie fl uviale, a été entrepris. Ainsi, afi n de préciser l’environnement portuaire, une stratégie d’échantillonnage des vestiges biologiques conservés, tant botaniques que zoologiques, a été élaborée. Systématique ou ponctuelle suivant les secteurs de fouilles, elle consistait notamment à intensifi er et orienter les prélèvements de sédiments pour mieux répondre aux questions paléoenvironnementales. Les préconisations retenues pour la récolte des échantillons propres à chaque spécialiste ont alors été listées de manière à répondre au mieux aux demandes de chacun : prélèvements dans les coupes ou en seaux, lors des phases de décapage ou de fouille, envoi des échantillons avec ou sans traitement, effectué sur le terrain ou en laboratoire (tamisage, fl ottation, lavage), etc. Un atelier de gestion et de traitement des échantillons a également été mis en place sur le chantier. Le milieu anaérobie caractéristique de ce contexte fl uvial colmaté a ainsi constitué une formidable réserve propice à de nombreuses analyses : archéozoologiques et ichthyologiques, entomologiques (dans les sédiments et dans les bois), paléoparasitologiques, palynologiques, carpologiques, xylologiques, dendrologiques, dendrochronologiques, micropaléontologiques et géomorphologiques. Se distribuant sur le pourtour des aménagements de berges, ces archives sédimentaires offrent des clés de lecture inespérées sur le fonctionnement et l’évolution du site portuaire durant l’Antiquité

Faciès céramiques en territoire picton

Identifiant de l'opération archéologique : 204340 Date de l'opération : 2009 (PC) La troisième année d’existence du PCR a vu la poursuite des travaux entamés les deux années précédentes. Le groupe de travail compte aujourd’hui une vingtaine de membres actifs issus de structures différentes (université : enseignants-chercheurs et étudiants en Master et en Doctorat, INRAP, CNRS, collectivités territoriales, musées). Les objectifs définis ont été maintenus, entre études analytiques d'ensembles d..

Genetic control of biennial bearing in apple

Although flowering in mature fruit trees is recurrent, floral induction can be strongly inhibited by concurrent fruiting, leading to a pattern of irregular fruiting across consecutive years referred to as biennial bearing. The genetic determinants of biennial bearing in apple were investigated using the 114 flowering individuals from an F1 population of 122 genotypes, from a ‘Starkrimson’ (strong biennial bearer)בGranny Smith’ (regular bearer) cross. The number of inflorescences, and the number and the mass of harvested fruit were recorded over 6 years and used to calculate 26 variables and indices quantifying yield, precocity of production, and biennial bearing. Inflorescence traits exhibited the highest genotypic effect, and three quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on linkage group (LG) 4, LG8, and LG10 explained 50% of the phenotypic variability for biennial bearing. Apple orthologues of flowering and hormone-related genes were retrieved from the whole-genome assembly of ‘Golden Delicious’ and their position was compared with QTLs. Four main genomic regions that contain floral integrator genes, meristem identity genes, and gibberellin oxidase genes co-located with QTLs. The results indicated that flowering genes are less likely to be responsible for biennial bearing than hormone-related genes. New hypotheses for the control of biennial bearing emerged from QTL and candidate gene co-locations and suggest the involvement of different physiological processes such as the regulation of flowering genes by hormones. The correlation between tree architecture and biennial bearing is also discussed

Le Chay – Pompierre

Identifiant de l'opération archéologique : 204424 Date de l'opération : 2008 (EX) Suite à un projet de lotissement au lieu-dit Pompierre ou Pont-Pierre sur la commune du Chay près de Saujon, un diagnostic archéologique, prescrit par le SRA de Poitou-Charentes, a été réalisé par une équipe de l’Inrap. Cette opération s’est déroulée entre le 15 juillet 2008 et le 18 juillet 2008 et a porté sur une superficie de 12 822 m2 . Au total 1 234 m2 ont été sondés (soit 9,62 % de la surface concernée)..

Evolution of microparasites in spatially and genetically structured host populations: The example of RHDV infecting rabbits

International audienc

Évaluation comparative de plates-formes reconfigurables et programmables pour les télécommunications de 3ème génération

- L'évolution des systèmes de radio-communications cellulaires se traduit par un accroissement important de la complexité des applications à implanter. En particulier, l'utilisation de la technologie WCDMA (Wideband Code-Division Multiple Access) dans les systèmes de troisième génération nécessite des capacités de calcul élevées. Dans cet article, les résultats de l'implantation d'un récepteur WCDMA au sein de différentes plates-formes programmables ou reconfigurables sont présentés. Les différentes solutions d'implantation sont comparées en termes de coût, de performances et d'efficacité énergétique. De plus, la méthodologie proposée pour obtenir la spécification en virgule fixe du récepteur est exposée

Variation in Treatment for Trapeziometacarpal Arthrosis

Background: Treatment recommendations for trapeziometacarpal (TMC) arthrosis are highly variable from surgeon to surgeon. This study addressed the influence of viewing radiographs on a decision to offer surgery for TMC arthrosis. Methods: In an online survey, 92 hand surgeons viewed clinical scenarios and were asked if they would offer surgery to 30 patients with TMC arthrosis. Forty-two observers were randomly assigned to review clinical information alone and 50 to review clinical information as well as radiographs. The degree of limitation of daily activities, time since diagnosis, prior treatment, pain with grind, crepitation with grind, and metacarpal adduction with metacarpophalangeal hyperextension were randomized for each patient scenario to determine the influence of these factors on offers of surgery. A cross-classified binary logistic multilevel regression analysis identified factors associated with surgeon offer of surgery. Results: Surgeons were more likely to offer surgery when they viewed radiographs (42% vs. 32%, P = 0.01). Other factors associated variation in offer of surgery included greater limitation of daily activities, symptoms for a year, prior splint or injection, deformity of the metacarpophalangeal joint. Factors not associated included limb dominance, prominence of the TMC joint, crepitation with the grind test, and pinch and grip strength. Conclusion: Surgeons that view radiographs are more likely to offer surgery to people with TMC arthrosis. Surgeons are also more likely to offer surgery when people do not adapt with time and nonoperative treatment. Given the notable influence of surgeon bias, and the potential for surgeon and patient impatience with the adaptation process, methods for increasing patient participation in the decision-making process merit additional attention and study