Valoriser les espaces forestiers méditerranéens tout en conciliant nature, production et récréation : un enjeu majeur des Chartes forestières de territoire du Pays Pyrénées-Méditerranée

Le Pays Pyrénées-Méditerranée, conscient des différents enjeux forestiers présents sur son territoire, a été pionnier en s’engageant au début des années 2000 dans la démarche novatrice de Charte forestière de territoire visant la gestion durable et multifonctionnelle des forêts. Après dix années d’expérience et fort de l’évaluation des deux stratégies forestières historiques montrant une réelle plus-value des actions menées en faveur de nos forêts, le comité de pilotage constitué de plus de 140 structures a décidé de poursuivre la démarche et d’élaborer une nouvelle Charte forestière de territoire (CFT) à l’échelle du Pays Pyrénées-Méditerranée. Etablie pour cinq ans de manière concertée avec l’ensemble des élus et acteurs locaux, la CFT Pyrénées-Méditerranée 2016/2021 se veut ambitieuse avec près d’une centaine de projets portés par une quarantaine de maîtres d’ouvrage différents. Concilier nature, production et récréation, voilà tout l’enjeu des Chartes forestières de territoire du Pays Pyrénées-Méditerranée ! Au travers de cet exemple, quelques clés de réussite ont pu être identifiées comme l’animation territoriale, la volonté collective et le soutien politique ou encore la concertation et le partage dans le cadre d’une gouvernance locale, pour valoriser ensemble nos espaces forestiers méditerranéens

Room temperature spin filtering in epitaxial cobalt-ferrite tunnel barriers

We report direct experimental evidence of room temperature spin filtering in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) containing CoFe2O4 tunnel barriers via tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) measurements. Pt(111)/CoFe2O4(111)/gamma-Al2O3(111)/Co(0001) fully epitaxial MTJs were grown in order to obtain a high quality system, capable of functioning at room temperature. Spin polarized transport measurements reveal significant TMR values of -18% at 2 K and -3% at 290 K. In addition, the TMR ratio follows a unique bias voltage dependence that has been theoretically predicted to be the signature of spin filtering in MTJs containing magnetic barriers. CoFe2O4 tunnel barriers therefore provide a model system to investigate spin filtering in a wide range of temperatures.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure

On deriving p-mode parameters for inclined solar-like stars

Thanks to their high quality, new and upcoming asteroseismic observations - with CoRoT, Kepler, and from the ground... - can benefit from the experience gained with helioseismology. We focus in this paper on solar-like oscillations, for which the inclination of the rotation axis is unknown. We present a theoretical study of the errors of p-mode parameters determined by means of a maximum-likelihood estimator, and we also analyze correlations and biases. We have used different, complementary approaches: we have performed either semi-analytical computation of the Hessian matrix, fitting of single mean profiles, or Monte Carlo simulations. We give first analytical approximations for the errors of frequency, inclination and rotational splitting. The determination of the inclination is very challenging for the common case of slow rotators (like the Sun), making difficult the determination of a reliable rotational splitting. Moreover, due to the numerous correlations, biases - more or less significant - can appear in the determination of various parameters in the case of bad inclination fittings, especially when a locking at 90 degrees occurs. This issue concerning inclination locking is also discussed. Nevertheless, the central frequency and some derived parameters such as the total power of the mode are free of such biases.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, to appear in A&

Untapped seasonal storage potential in Swiss hydropower schemes

We have analysed all Swiss hydropower reservoirs with a capacity above 1 million m3: ‐ 63 reservoirs > 1 hm3 ‐ 40 reservoirs > 10 hm3 ‐ 29 reservoirs > 30 hm3 ‐ 36 reservoirs > 60 hm3 These 168 dams represent 8778 GWhof storage capacity, which is over 99% of the total Swiss hydropower storage capacity. The results show that a significant number of dams could increase storage in a significant way: ‐ 48 dams could capture existing excess natural inflows if their current storage capacity were to be increased. ‐ 7 dams are sub-optimally used, and could catch additional inflows using existing infrastructure

Groupes sanguins et maladie de marek chez la poule: résistance d'un génotype hétérozygote

International audienc

Fecal occult blood and fecal calprotectin as point-of-care markers of intestinal morbidity in Ugandan children with Schistosoma mansoni infection.

BACKGROUND: Calprotectin is a calcium-binding cytoplasmic protein found in neutrophils and increasingly used as a marker of bowel inflammation. Fecal occult blood (FOB) is also a dependable indicator of bowel morbidity. The objective of our study was to determine the applicability of these tests as surrogate markers of Schistosoma mansoni intestinal morbidity before and after treatment with praziquantel (PZQ). METHODS: 216 children (ages 3-9 years old) from Buliisa District in Lake Albert, Uganda were examined and treated with PZQ at baseline in October 2012 with 211 of them re-examined 24 days later for S. mansoni and other soil transmitted helminths (STH). POC calprotectin and FOB assays were performed at both time points on a subset of children. Associations between the test results and infection were analysed by logistic regression. RESULTS: Fecal calprotectin concentrations of 150-300 µg/g were associated with S. mansoni egg patent infection both at baseline and follow up (OR: 12.5 P = 0.05; OR: 6.8 P = 0.02). FOB had a very strong association with baseline anemia (OR: 9.2 P = 0.03) and medium and high egg intensity schistosomiasis at follow up (OR: 6.6 P = 0.03; OR: 51.3 P = 0.003). Both tests were strongly associated with heavy intensity S. mansoni infections. There was a significant decrease in FOB and calprotectin test positivity after PZQ treatment in those children who had egg patent schistosomiasis at baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Both FOB and calprotectin rapid assays were found to correlate positively and strongly with egg patent S. mansoni infection with a positive ameloriation response after PZQ treatment indicative of short term reversion of morbidity. Both tests were appropriate for use in the field with excellent operational performance and reliability. Due to its lower-cost which makes its scale-up of use affordable, FOB could be immediately adopted as a monitoring tool for PC campaigns for efficacy evaluation before and after treatment

Immunochemical faecal occult blood test: number of samples and positivity cutoff. What is the best strategy for colorectal cancer screening?

Immunochemical faecal occult blood tests have shown a greater sensitivity than guaiac test in colorectal cancer screening, but optimal number of samples and cutoff have still to be defined. The aim of this multicentric study was to evaluate the performance of immunochemical-based screening strategies according to different positivity thresholds (80, 100, 120 ng ml−1) and single vs double sampling (one, at least one, or both positive samples) using 1-day sample with cutoff at 100 ng ml−1 as the reference strategy. A total of 20 596 subjects aged 50–69 years were enrolled from Italian population-based screening programmes. Positivity rate was 4.5% for reference strategy and 8.0 and 2.0% for the most sensitive and the most specific strategy, respectively. Cancer detection rate of reference strategy was 2.8‰, and ranged between 2.1 and 3.4‰ in other strategies; reference strategy detected 15.6‰ advanced adenomas (range=10.0–22.5‰). The number needed to scope to find a cancer or an advanced adenoma was lower than 2 (1.5–1.7) for the most specific strategies, whereas it was 2.4–2.7, according to different thresholds, for the most sensitive ones. Different strategies seem to have a greater impact on adenomas rather than on cancer detection rate. The study provides information when deciding screening protocols and to adapt them to local resources

Characterization of a new coronavirus strain of poultry infections bronchitis

Un coronavirus a été isolé chez des poules pondeuses présentant des signes cliniques sévères évoquant la bronchite infectieuse aviaire, maladie contre laquelle, elles avaient été immunisées avec un vaccin préparé à partir du sérotype dominant Massachusetts ; ce virus présente des dif férences antigéniques avec les sérotypes Massachusetts et Connecticut ainsi qu’avec les quatre sérotypes « variants » isolés par l’Institut de Doom aux Pays-Bas. La maladie a été reproduite chez le poulet et la poule : les symptômes respiratoires ont été sévères dans les deux cas et la chute de ponte a été intense et persistante chez les pondeuses. Le fait de développer une prophylaxie médicale adaptée est discuté.A coronavirus was isolated in an infectious bronchitis (IB) vaccinated (Massachusetts strain) layers flock showing severe IB-like clinical signs. The isolate is antigenically different from the Massachusetts and the Connecticut serotypes and from the four « variant » serotypes isolated by the Doom Institute in Holland. The disease was reproduced in chickens and layers. Respiratory signs were severe in both groups. In layers, egg drop was intense and long-lasting. The eventual need for a suitable medical prophylaxy is discussed

Cutoff value determines the performance of a semi-quantitative immunochemical faecal occult blood test in a colorectal cancer screening programme

BACKGROUND: The cutoff of semi-quantitative immunochemical faecal occult blood tests (iFOBTs) influences colonoscopy referrals and detection rates. We studied the performance of an iFOBT (OC-Sensor) in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening at different cutoffs. METHODS: Dutch screening participants, 50-75 years of age, with average CRC risk and an iFOBT value >or=50 ng ml(-1) were offered colonoscopy. The detection rate was the percentage of participants with CRC or advanced adenomas (>or=10 mm, >or=20% villous, high-grade dysplasia). The number needed to scope (NNTScope) was the number of colonoscopies to be carried out to find one person with CRC or advanced adenomas. RESULTS: iFOBT values >or=50 ng ml(-1) were detected in 526 of 6157 participants (8.5%) and 428 (81%) underwent colonoscopy. The detection rate for advanced lesions (28 CRC and 161 with advanced adenomas) was 3.1% (95% confidence interval: 2.6-3.5%) and the NNTScope was 2.3. At 75 ng ml(-1), the detection rate was 2.7%, the NNTScope was 2.0 and the CRC miss rate compared with 50 ng ml(-1) was <5% (N=1). At 100 ng ml(-1), the detection rate was 2.4% and the NNTScope was <2. Compared with 50 ng ml(-1), up to 200 ng ml(-1) CRC miss rates remained at 16% (N=4). CONCLUSIONS: Cutoffs below the standard 100 ng ml(-1) resulted in not only higher detection rates of advanced lesions but also more colonoscopies. With sufficient capacity, 75 ng ml(-1) might be advised; if not, up to 200 ng ml(-1) CRC miss rates are acceptable compared with the decrease in performed colonoscopies