Importance of the confirmatory assay for the detection of the HBsAg in the epidemiological studies and in the diagnosis of the viral Hepatitis B

Several epidemiological studies have reported high prevalence of HBsAg among pregnant women in Burkina Faso. They used various algorithms, as it is also done for the routine diagnostic. Knowing this antigen carriage rate in such a population or in other clinic attendees is important for the implementation of a national immunisation programme and the monitoring of patients with hepatitis B. Often, the screening tests were not confirmed in spite of the existence of known false positive and false negative results. The aim of this study was to determine a more accurate prevalence of HBsAg, among the pregnant women in Burkina Faso. From October 2006 to January 2007, blood samples were collected from 1139 pregnant women. Each sample was analyzed for HBsAg, using two assays and according to manufacturers’ instructions vis, Hepanostika®HBsAg Uniform II B9 (Bio-Mérieux; France) and HBsAg (V2) Abbott AxSYM® system (Abbott Diagnostics). All the positive samples were tested with a confirmatory neutralization assay- Hepanostika®HBsAg Uniform II B9 Confirmatory (Bio-Merieux). The mean age of the pregnant women was 24.85years [range: 15-45years] and the age range of 20-24 (37%) and 25-29 (25.4%) years were the most represented. The overall rate of HBsAg-positive pregnant women with the two screening assays was 20.9%. The HBsAg detection rate was significantly higher with Hepanostika® UniformII B9 (16.9%) than with HBsAg (V2) AxSYM system assay (12.1%), with

In vitro assay of potential antifungal and antibacterial activities of extracts of Borassus aethiopum Mart

The anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and pro-apoptotic properties of extracts of Borassus aethiopum have been reported in the literature. In this study, we investigated the antifungal and antibacterial properties of Borassus aethiopum male inflorescences extracts. The antifungal and antibacterial activity was studied by agar well diffusion method in vitro. The effect of antibacterial potential was examined against Gram positive bacteria ( Staphylococcus aureus ), and Gram negative bacteria i.e., ( Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae ). In the antifungal activity assays, the dermatophytes strains Trichophyton rubrum , Trichophyton interdigitale , Trichophyton soudanense , Microsporum langeronii , and Epidermophyton floccosum were used. The E2F2 extract showed strong inhibitory activity on four of the five fungal species used against ketoconazole, a standard antifungal drug. However, the E2F2 extract displayed weak antibacterial activity against the bacterial strains tested. The results of the present study support the ethnomedicinal uses of Borassus aethiopum for the treatment of fungal diseases. The phytochemical screening of E2F2 extract revealed the presence of sterols, triterpenes and saponins, witch may be involved in the antifungal activity

In vitro Preliminary Study of Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Extracts from Kaya senegalensis A. juss

MELIACEAEinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Évaluation in vitro de la bio-équivalence de quelques formes génériques d'antibactériens

SCOPUS: re.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Hospital staff use of generic essential drugs :the case of Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital Centre

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Evaluation of the antihepatotoxic effect of Argemone mexicana leaf extracts against CCl4-induced hepatic injury in rats

The leaves of Argemone mexicana L. (Papaveraceae) are used in traditional medicine in Burkina Faso to treat a variety of diseases. In the “Cascades” region, many people use the leaves of the plant for the treatment of liver ailment. An aqueous extract and a crude leaf powder suspension were tested for their antihepatotoxic action against CCl4-induced hepatitis in Wistar rats. The aqueous extract (250 mg/kg, p.o.) and the crude leaf powder suspension (250 mg/kg, p.o.), orally administered, significantly attenuated the elevation of serum enzymes (GOT, GPT, ALKP) and direct bilirubin (Dbil) induced by CCl4 intoxication in rats. These actions were comparable to that of silymarin used as reference substance. For the acute toxicity test any mortality was seen at doses up to 2500 mg/kg.KEYWORDS: Argemone mexicana, antihepatotoxic, hepatoprotective, aqueous extract

Activité antiplasmodique de Canthium multiflorum (Schumach. & Thonn.) Hiern (Rubiacées) et de Trichilia emetica Vahl. (Méliacées) utilisées dans le traitement du paludisme

le but de cette étude était d’évaluer l’activité antiplasmodique de deux  plantes utilisées en médecine traditionnelle pour le traitement du  paludisme et de caractériser les molécules actives. les extraits totaux  organiques et aqueux ont été préparés et le fractionnement bioguidé  utilisant la chromatographie sur colonne et la Chromatographie liquide haute performance (ClhP) ont permis d‘isoler des composés pures dont les structures ont été élucidées par la RMn du Proton (1h) et du Carbone (13C) en 1d et 2d. les formules empiriques des molécules ont été établies par la  spectrométrie de masse, haute résolution. les extraits totaux des deux plantes se sont montrés très actifs à inhiber la croissance de Plasmodium falciparum. Kurubasch aldéhyde, un sesquiterpène identifié dans les racines de Trichilia emetica apparaît comme un inhibiteur fort de la prolifération des cellules cancéreuses S180 (Ci50 = 7 ± 3 μM), un faible inhibiteur des cellules MCF7 (Ci50 = 78 ± 15 μM) mais simplement un modeste inhibiteur de la croissance de Plasmodium falciparum (C50 = 76 μM). le fractionnement des extraits de Canthium multiflorum a conduit à l’isolement de quatre coumarines (6,7-dimethoxycoumarine (i), 6,7,8-trimethoxycoumarine (ii), 7- hydroxy-6-methoxycoumarine (iii),  hymexelsine (iV), un irridoïde (l’acide 10-o- acéthylgeniposidique (V) et deux nouveaux triterpènes pentacycliques 3-oxo-15α,19α-dihydroxy-urs-1,12-diène-28-oïque (Vi) et 3-oxo-9α-hydroxyurs- 1,12-diène-28-oïque (Vii). les coumarines n’ont pas montré d’habilité à inhiber les parasites (Ci50100 μg/ml) tandis que l’un des triterpènes pentacycliques a présenté une activité antiplasmodiale faible à modérée (Ci50 =26 μg/ml). les résultats indiquent une activité faible à modérée des molécules isolées contrairement aux extraits totaux qui se sont montrés très actifs et qui pourraient être développés en phytomédicaments antipaludiques.Mots-clés : Canthium multiflorum, Rubiacee, Trichilia emetica, Méliacee, extraits, P. falciparum, composés chimiques, cytoyoxicité

In vitro assay of potential antifungal and antibacterial activities of extracts of Borassus aethiopum Mart

The anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and pro-apoptotic properties of extracts of Borassus aethiopum have been reported in the literature. In this study, we investigated the antifungal and antibacterial properties of Borassus aethiopum male inflorescences extracts. The antifungal and antibacterial activity was studied by agar well diffusion method in vitro. The effect of antibacterial potential was examined against Gram positive bacteria ( Staphylococcus aureus ), and Gram negative bacteria i.e., ( Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae ). In the antifungal activity assays, the dermatophytes strains Trichophyton rubrum , Trichophyton interdigitale , Trichophyton soudanense , Microsporum langeronii , and Epidermophyton floccosum were used. The E2F2 extract showed strong inhibitory activity on four of the five fungal species used against ketoconazole, a standard antifungal drug. However, the E2F2 extract displayed weak antibacterial activity against the bacterial strains tested. The results of the present study support the ethnomedicinal uses of Borassus aethiopum for the treatment of fungal diseases. The phytochemical screening of E2F2 extract revealed the presence of sterols, triterpenes and saponins, witch may be involved in the antifungal activity

Effet protecteur de Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) et de Sclerocarya birrea [(A. Rich.)Hochst.] (Asclepiadaceae) sur les cellules β pancréatiques INS-1

Moringa oleifera Lam.(Moringaceae) et Sclerocarya birrea [(A. Rich.) Hochst.] (Asclepiadaceae) sont deux plantes utilisées en médecine traditionnelle au Burkina Faso dans le traitement du diabète. L’objectif de notre travail a été d’étudier les effets protecteurs des extraits hydro-éthanoliques (80 %) de fruits de Moringa oleifera (MO) et d’écorces de tronc de Sclerocarya birrea (SB), sur la viabilité et la fonctionnalité de la cellule bêta pancréatique, lors d’un stress oxydant induit par H2O2. La viabilité a été évaluée par la technique du [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazoliumbromide] (MTT) et la fonctionnalité par la mesure de la sécrétion d’insuline induite par le glucose (8,3 mM). Nous avons montré que MO et SB à 10 μg/mL et au bout de deux heures prévenaient partiellement l’altération de la viabilité induite par H2O2. L’altération de la fonctionnalité était prévenue totalement par 10 μg/mL de MO au bout d’une heure et 1 μg/mL de SB au bout de deux heures. Ces résultats indiquent le potentiel de ces deux plantes dans la prévention du dysfonctionnement β cellulaire.Mots-clés: Moringa oleifera, Sclerocarya birrea, cellules bêta pancréatiques, stress oxydant, diabèteEnglish Title:  Protective effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) and Sclerocarya birrea [(A. Rich.) Hochst.] (Asclepiadaceae) on INS-1 pancreatic β-cellsEnglish AbstractMoringa oleifera (Moringaceae) and Sclerocarya birrea (Asclepiadaceae) are two plants used in traditional medicine in Burkina Faso in the treatment of diabetes. The aim of our study was to investigate the protective effects of ethanol (80 %) extract of Moringa oleifera (MO) fruits and stem barks of Sclerocarya birrea (SB) on the viability and functionality of the pancreatic β-cells, during oxidative stress induced by H2O2. Viability was evaluated by the [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] (MTT) colorimetric assay and functionality by the measurement of insulin secretion induced by glucose (8.3 mM). We showed that MO and SB(10 μg/mL) after two hours partially prevented the alteration of viability induced by H2O2 (50 μM). The alteration of the functionality is completely prevented by 10 μg/mL of MO after one hour, and 1 μg/mL of SB after two hours. Moringa oleifera and Sclerocarya birrea protected β cell viability and functionality against oxidative stress induced exogenously. These results indicate the potential of these two plants in preventing β-cells dysfunction.Keywords: Moringa oleifera, Sclerocarya birrea, pancreatic b-cells, oxidative stress, diabete

In vitro Biocompatibility and Genotoxicity Assessment of a Gentamicin-Loaded Monoolein Gel Intended to Treat of Chronic Osteomyelitis

The aim of the study was to assess in vitro the biocompatibility and the genotoxicity of a gentamicin-loaded monoolein gel intended to treat of chronic osteomyelitis. Indeed, we are developing biodegradable implants based on monoolein and gentamicin. The results of formulations, physico-chemical characterization of the formulated implants and in vitro release kinetic of gentamicin from implants were encouraging. As biocompatibility and absence of genotoxicity are the prerequisites for safe use of implants, we performed in vitro hemolysis, cytotoxicity and, genotoxicity tests. Hemolysis was evaluated by incubating human erythrocytes in direct contact with the implant whereas cytotoxicity was evaluated by 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay using fibroblasts and macrophages. Alkaline comet Assay was used to evaluate genotoxic potential of the implants. From these in vitro assays, the implant based on monoolein and gentamicin showed no genotoxic potential and has satisfactory biocompatibility