Úton a rendszerváltoztatás felé: A gazdasági kamarák narratívái az államszocializmus utolsó éveiben.

<p>List of <i>JcSAG12H</i> genes identified in this study.</p

Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis of <i>HbSAG12H1</i>.

<p>Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis of <i>HbSAG12H1</i>.</p

Motif sequences of 17 HbSAG12H proteins identified by MEME tools.

<p>Motif sequences of 17 HbSAG12H proteins identified by MEME tools.</p

Structural and phylogenetic analysis of HbSAG12H proteins.

<p>The unrooted phylogenetic tree resulting from all the HbSAG12H proteins is shown on the left. The distribution of conserved motifs among the HbSAG12H proteins is shown on the right. Different motifs are represented by different color blocks as indicated at the bottom of the figure. The same color in different proteins indicates the same group or motif.</p

Survey of the rubber tree genome reveals a high number of cysteine protease-encoding genes homologous to <i>Arabidopsis SAG12</i>

<div><p><i>Arabidopsis thaliana SAG12</i>, a senescence-specific gene encoding a cysteine protease, is widely used as a molecular marker for the study of leaf senescence. To date, its potential orthologues have been isolated from several plant species such as <i>Brassica napus</i> and <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i>. However, little information is available in rubber tree (<i>Hevea brasiliensis</i>), a rubber-producing plant of the Euphorbiaceae family. This study presents the identification of <i>SAG12</i>-like genes from the rubber tree genome. Results showed that an unexpected high number of 17 rubber orthologues with a single intron were found, contrasting the single copy with two introns in <i>Arabidopsis</i>. The gene expansion was also observed in another two Euphorbiaceae plants, castor bean (<i>Ricinus communis</i>) and physic nut (<i>Jatropha curcas</i>), both of which contain 8 orthologues. In accordance with no occurrence of recent whole-genome duplication (WGD) events, most duplicates in castor and physic nut were resulted from tandem duplications. In contrast, the duplicated <i>HbSAG12H</i> genes were derived from tandem duplications as well as the recent WGD. Expression analysis showed that most <i>HbSAG12H</i> genes were lowly expressed in examined tissues except for root and male flower. Furthermore, <i>HbSAG12H1</i> exhibits a strictly senescence-associated expression pattern in rubber tree leaves, and thus can be used as a marker gene for the study of senescence mechanism in <i>Hevea</i>.</p></div

List of <i>RcSAG12H</i> genes identified in this study.

<p>List of <i>RcSAG12H</i> genes identified in this study.</p

Alignment of precursor proteins of HbSAG12Hs.

<p>Sequence alignment was performed using MUSCLE and the alignment was displayed using Boxshade. Black shading shows identical amino acids, whereas light gray shading shows similar amino acids. The numbers indicate the positions of the amino acids within individual proteins. The consensus ERFNIN motif is marked with black dots. The conserved catalytic triad (Cys, His and Asn) is marked with asterisks. The predicted signal peptide is boxed. The putative cleavage site to generate the mature enzyme is marked with a down arrow, which is predicted based on sequence alignment with IbSPG31.</p

Gene Structures, Evolution, Classification and Expression Profiles of the Aquaporin Gene Family in Castor Bean (<i>Ricinus communis</i> L.)

<div><p>Aquaporins (AQPs) are a class of integral membrane proteins that facilitate the passive transport of water and other small solutes across biological membranes. Castor bean (<i>Ricinus communis</i> L., Euphobiaceae), an important non-edible oilseed crop, is widely cultivated for industrial, medicinal and cosmetic purposes. Its recently available genome provides an opportunity to analyze specific gene families. In this study, a total of 37 full-length AQP genes were identified from the castor bean genome, which were assigned to five subfamilies, including 10 plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), 9 tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs), 8 NOD26-like intrinsic proteins (NIPs), 6 X intrinsic proteins (XIPs) and 4 small basic intrinsic proteins (SIPs) on the basis of sequence similarities. Functional prediction based on the analysis of the aromatic/arginine (ar/R) selectivity filter, Froger’s positions and specificity-determining positions (SDPs) showed a remarkable difference in substrate specificity among subfamilies. Homology analysis supported the expression of all 37 RcAQP genes in at least one of examined tissues, e.g., root, leaf, flower, seed and endosperm. Furthermore, global expression profiles with deep transcriptome sequencing data revealed diverse expression patterns among various tissues. The current study presents the first genome-wide analysis of the AQP gene family in castor bean. Results obtained from this study provide valuable information for future functional analysis and utilization.</p></div

Distribution of the 37 RcAQP genes and their Arabidopsis and poplar homologs in subgroups.

<p>Distribution of the 37 RcAQP genes and their Arabidopsis and poplar homologs in subgroups.</p

Expression profiles of the 37 RcAQP genes in leaf, flower, endosperm II/III, endosperm V/VI and seed.

<p>Color scale represents RPKM normalized log₁₀ transformed counts where green indicates low expression and red indicates high expression.</p