28 research outputs found
A First Mass Production of Gas Electron Multipliers
We report on the manufacture of a first batch of approximately 2,000 Gas
Electron Multipliers (GEMs) using 3M's fully automated roll to roll flexible
circuit production line. This process allows low-cost, reproducible fabrication
of a high volume of GEMs of dimensions up to 3030 cm. First tests
indicate that the resulting GEMs have optimal properties as radiation
detectors. Production techniques and preliminary measurements of GEM
performance are described. This now demonstrated industrial capability should
help further establish the prominence of micropattern gas detectors in
accelerator based and non-accelerator particle physics, imaging and
photodetection.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figures, to be submitted to Nucl. Instr. Meth.
Physics of multi-GEM structures
We show that physics of multi-GEM structures is rather complex, regarding the
number of phenomena affecting detector performance. The high-pressure operation
in noble gases and the ion feedback are considered in more detail. It is
proposed that the dominant avalanche mechanism in He and Ne, at high pressures,
is the associative ionization. Ion feedback effects related to the dependence
on gas, pressure and gain and to possible avalanche extension outside the GEM
holes are discussed.Comment: Presented at the 8th International Conference on Instrumentation for
Colliding Beam Physics, Novosibirsk, Febuary 28 - March 6, 2002. To be
published in Nucl. Instr. and Meth.
How Well Do Drivers Understand Their Own Headlights?
The current research represents an initial investigation of drivers’ understanding of high beam and low beam headlight patterns in a nighttime driving environment. Fifty-four university students used a highlighter to indicate on a paper diagram of a roadway scene the portion of the scene that they felt their headlights would illuminate. Although the headlight patterns produced by participants varied more than expected, several consistent patterns emerged. Classification and evaluation of these drivers’ responses revealed that many drivers misunderstand the area of the roadway that is illuminated by their headlights. These misunderstandings fall into fairly distinct patterns. The results indicate many drivers possess an incomplete understanding of the pattern of illumination provided by their headlights. These results are consistent with earlier evidence that many road users fail to appreciate the visibility challenges that exist at night