176 research outputs found
From SIR to SEAIRD: a novel data-driven modeling approach based on the Grey-box System Theory to predict the dynamics of COVID-19
Common compartmental modeling for COVID-19 is based on a priori knowledge and
numerous assumptions. Additionally, they do not systematically incorporate
asymptomatic cases. Our study aimed at providing a framework for data-driven
approaches, by leveraging the strengths of the grey-box system theory or
grey-box identification, known for its robustness in problem solving under
partial, incomplete, or uncertain data. Empirical data on confirmed cases and
deaths, extracted from an open source repository were used to develop the
SEAIRD compartment model. Adjustments were made to fit current knowledge on the
COVID-19 behavior. The model was implemented and solved using an Ordinary
Differential Equation solver and an optimization tool. A cross-validation
technique was applied, and the coefficient of determination was computed
in order to evaluate the goodness-of-fit of the model. %to the data. Key
epidemiological parameters were finally estimated and we provided the rationale
for the construction of SEAIRD model. When applied to Brazil's cases, SEAIRD
produced an excellent agreement to the data, with an %coefficient of
determination . The probability of COVID-19 transmission was
generally high (). On the basis of a 20-day modeling data, the
incidence rate of COVID-19 was as low as 3 infected cases per 100,000 exposed
persons in Brazil and France. Within the same time frame, the fatality rate of
COVID-19 was the highest in France (16.4\%) followed by Brazil (6.9\%), and the
lowest in Russia (). SEAIRD represents an asset for modeling
infectious diseases in their dynamical stable phase, especially for new viruses
when pathophysiology knowledge is very limited
Thrombophlebite cerebrale et drepanocytose SC : A propos dâun cas et revue de la litterature
Les auteurs rapportent un cas de thrombose veineuse cĂ©rĂ©brale chez une patiente de trente-sept ans drĂ©panocytaire SC, qui a prĂ©sentĂ© un Ă©tat confusionnel au dĂ©cours dâune hospitalisation pour fracture non dĂ©placĂ©e de la jambe droite. Lâexploration de la patiente par scanner cĂ©rĂ©bral et par lâangioIRM cĂ©rĂ©brale a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© une thrombose du sinus sagittal supĂ©rieur Les examens biologiques nâont pas rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© aucun autre Ă©tat hypercoagulable hĂ©rĂ©ditaire ou acquis. LâĂ©volution a Ă©tĂ© favorable sous anticoagulation efficace par hĂ©parine de bas poids molĂ©culaire avec relais per os par rivaroxaban LâintĂ©rĂȘt de ce dossier rĂ©side dans la raretĂ© de cette observation en Afrique Noire, oĂč pourtant sĂ©vit la drĂ©panocytose. English Title: Cerebral venous thrombosis and sickle cell disease SC: Case report and literature reviewThe authors report a case of cerebral venous thrombosis in a thirty-seven-year-old sickle cell SC patient, who presented with a confusional state during hospitalization for a non-displaced fracture of the right leg. Exploration of the patient by cerebral CT and MRI brain angiography showed superior sagittal sinus thrombosis. Biological examinations did not reveal any other hereditary or acquired hypercoagulable condition. The evolution was favorable after effective anticoagulation by low molecular weight heparin with per os relay by rivaroxaban The interest of this file resides in the scarcity of this observation in Black Africa, where, however, sickle cell disease occur
Encephalite limbique paraneoplasique, un syndrome mal connu : A propos dâun cas a Lome (Togo)
Introduction : Les encĂ©phalites limbiques pures sont des complications rares des cancers. Elles affectent aussi bien les hommes que les femmes. La tumeur associĂ©e est le plus souvent un cancer du poumon Ă petites cellules.Cas clinique : Nous rapportons le cas dâun patient de 78 ans, tabagique actif, hospitalisĂ© pour un trouble de comportement Ă type dâagressivitĂ© verbale avec propos incohĂ©rents dans un contexte dâamaigrissement et dâasthĂ©nie dâaggravation progressive. Lâexamen clinique retrouvait une amnĂ©sie antĂ©rograde avec des fabulations associĂ©es Ă une adĂ©nopathie sus claviculaire droite. Les explorations paracliniques ont permis de retrouver un carcinome pulmonaire avec Ă lâIRM encĂ©phalique, un hypersignal T2 dans la rĂ©gion hippocampique gauche permettant de poser le diagnostic dâencĂ©phalite limbique paranĂ©oplasique. LâĂ©volution sous chimiothĂ©rapie et radiothĂ©rapie a Ă©tĂ© favorable.Conclusion : LâencĂ©phalite limbique paranĂ©oplasique constitue une entitĂ© rare et mĂ©rite dâĂȘtre suspectĂ©e au mĂȘme titre que les autres causes dâencĂ©phalopathies.
English title: Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis, a badly known syndrome: A case report in Lomé (Togo)
Background: Pure limbic encephalitides are unusual complications of cancers. Both men and women can be affected. The associated tumor is most often a small cell lung cancer.Case report: We reported the case of a 78-year-old patient who was an active tobacco addict. He was hospitalized for a behavioral disorder like verbal aggression with incoherent speech in a context of progressive weight loss and asthenia. Clinical examination revealed anterograde amnesia with confabulations associated with right supraclavicular lymphadenopathy. Paraclinical explorations revealed a pulmonary carcinoma with at MRI, a T2 hypersignal in the left hippocampal region.Therefore, the diagnosis of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis has been made. The evolution with chemotherapy and radiotherapy was favorable.Conclusion: Limbic paraleoplastic encephalitis is a rare clinical entity and should be rouled out during a work-up for every case of encephalitis
Qualite de vie, anxiete et deprssion chez les survivants dĂĄvc au Togo
L’accident vasculaire cérébral (AVC) est la première cause de handicap physique et psychologique acquis dans le monde.Objectif Evaluer la qualité de vie et les troubles psychologiques des survivants de l’AVC.Matériel et Méthode Nous avons mené une étude prospective sur 12 mois, en utilisant les échelles d’anxiété et de dépression de Goldberg, le QOLIE-31 de la qualité de vie et le Rankin modifié pour l’étude du Handicap. Résultats Nous avons inclus 114 patients survivants d’AVC dont le déficit date d’au moins 6 mois. L’âge moyen était de 47 ans avec des extrêmes de 21 à 73 ans. Il y avait 83,3%(95) d’AVC ischémiques 16,7%(19) d’AVC hémorragiques selon le scanner. Nos patients étaient plus déprimés qu’anxieux avec des moyennes respectives 4,48 et 4,44 à l’échelle de Goldberg. La qualité de vie était altérée avec au QOLIE-31, une moyenne de 0,94. A l’échelle de Rankin modifiée nous avons observé 26,3%(30) survivants d’AVC qui ne présentaient pas de handicap, 38,6%(44) avaient un handicap léger, 31,6%(36) un handicap moyen et chez 3,5% (04) des patients le handicap était sévère. Conclusion Le handicap, l’anxiété et la dépression sont autant de paramètres mesurables qui altèrent la qualité de vie au quotidien des survivants d’AVC
Does biological maturity actually confound gender-related differences in physical activity in preadolescence?
Aim
To examine: (i) if maturity-related gender differences in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) depend on how maturity status is defined and measured; and (ii) the influence of maturity level on compliance with PA recommendations.
Methods
The study involved 253 children (139 boys) aged 9.9 ± 0.9 years, with mean stature and weight of 1.39 ± 0.08âm and 35.8 ± 8.8âkg respectively. Their PA was evaluated using an Actigraph accelerometer (Model 7164). Maturity was assessed using the estimated age at peak height velocity (APHV) and a standardized APHV by gender (i.e. centred APHV).
Results
Boys engaged in significantly more MVPA than girls (P < 0.0001). There was a significant correlation between the centred APHV and MVPA in boys (r = 0.20; P = 0.016), but not in girls (r = 0.13; P = 0.155). An ancova controlling for the estimated APHV showed no significant interactions between gender and APHV, and the main effect of gender on MVPA was negated. Conversely, there was a significant main effect of APHV on MVPA (F 1,249 = 6.12; P = 0.014; η p 2 = 0.024). Only 9.1% of children met the PA recommendations, including 14.4% of boys and 2.6% of girls (P < 0.01). This observation also applies in both pre-APHV (12.7% of boys vs. 2.4% of girls, P < 0.001) and post-APHV children (23.8% of boys vs. 3.4% of girls, P < 0.0001). No differences in PA guidelines were observed between pre-APHV and post-APHV children.
Conclusions
Among prepubescent children, the influence of biological maturity on gender differences in PA may be a function of how maturity status is determined. The most physically active prepubescent children were those who were on time according to APHV
Opportunistes du VIH/SIDA en milieu hospitalier neurologique au Togo
IntroductionLa morbi-mortalitĂ© au cours du VIH/sida est souvent liĂ©e Ă des infections opportunistes (IO) neurologiques. Lâobjectif de cette Ă©tude est de dĂ©terminer en milieu hospitalier neurologique au Togo, les principales IO et celles qui sont liĂ©es Ă un fort taux de lĂ©talitĂ©.MĂ©thodesIl sâagissait dâune Ă©tude descriptive transversale sur 12 mois rĂ©alisĂ©e dans le service de neurologie du CHU Campus de LomĂ© de janvier Ă dĂ©cembre 2008. Les patients hospitalisĂ©s et prĂ©sentant une IO avec une sĂ©rologie VIH positive avaient Ă©tĂ© inclus. Le diagnostic des IO a Ă©tĂ© fondĂ© sur la clinique et/ou les examens disponibles. Les examens paracliniques tout comme les frais dâhospitalisation Ă©taient Ă la charge des patients.RĂ©sultatsSur 940 patients hospitalisĂ©s, 360 (38%) ont bĂ©nĂ©ficiĂ© dâune sĂ©rologie au VIH et 68 Ă©taient positifs soit 7% des hospitalisĂ©s. Au sein des patients vivant avec le VIH (PVVIH), nous avons notĂ© 66 cas dâIO (97% des PVVIH) et un taux de dĂ©cĂšs de 41% (28/68). Le dĂ©ficit neurologique focal, les cĂ©phalĂ©es et les crises convulsives Ă©taient les motifs dâadmission les plus frĂ©quents. La toxoplasmose cĂ©rĂ©brale et la cryptococcose neuromĂ©ningĂ©e (CNM) Ă©taient les IO les plus frĂ©quentes touchant respectivement 54% et 10% des patients vivant avec le VIH (PVVIH). Le taux de lĂ©talitĂ© Ă©tait de 33% pour la toxoplasmose cĂ©rĂ©brale et de 28% pour la CNM.ConclusionLa CNM et la toxoplasmose cĂ©rĂ©brale sont les IO Ă Ă©voquer en cas dâatteinte du systĂšme nerveux central chez le PVVIH
Cephalees primaires et qualite de vie de lâetudiant en medecine de lâUniversite de Kara (Togo)
Introduction: Les cĂ©phalĂ©es constituent un problĂšme de santĂ© publique et une plainte frĂ©quente aussi bien en milieu professionnel, scolaire quâestudiantin.Objectif: DĂ©terminer le profil Ă©pidĂ©miologique et clinique des cĂ©phalĂ©es primaires de mĂȘme que leur impact sur la qualitĂ© de vie des Ă©tudiants de mĂ©decine de lâUniversitĂ© de Kara.Patients et MĂ©thode: Il sâest agi dâune Ă©tude descriptive et transversale du 27 au 29 novembre 2018 qui a portĂ© sur les Ă©tudiants de mĂ©decine de la FacultĂ© des Sciences de la SantĂ© de lâUniversitĂ© de Kara.RĂ©sultats:La prĂ©valence des cĂ©phalĂ©es Ă©tait de 75,27% et lâĂąge moyen des Ă©tudiants concernĂ©s Ă©tait de 21,07 +/- 1,77 ans. Cette prĂ©valence sâĂ©levait avec le niveau dâĂ©tude allant de 60% en deuxiĂšme annĂ©e jusquâĂ 86,67% en quatriĂšme annĂ©e (Chi-2 = 6,0705 ; p †0,0481). Selon le sexe, 85% des femmes contre 72,26% des hommes en souffraient. La prĂ©valence de la migraine Ă©tait de 36,56% et celle des cĂ©phalĂ©es de tension (CT) Ă©tait de 21,50%. Quarante-sept pour cent des migraineux et 25% de ceux avec CT avaient trĂšs souvent un trouble de la concentration. La durĂ©e moyenne dâabsence due aux cĂ©phalĂ©es primaires au cours des trois derniers mois Ă©tait de 4,97 jours.Conclusion: Lâimpact nĂ©gatif des cĂ©phalĂ©es sur la qualitĂ© de vie des Ă©tudiants nĂ©cessite une consultation spĂ©cialisĂ©e.
English title: Primary headaches and quality of life in medical students at Kara University (Togo)
Background: Headache is a public health problem and a common complaint in both professional and academic settings.
Aim: To determine the epidemiological and clinical profile of primary headaches and their impact on the quality of life of medical students at Kara University.
Patients and Method: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study from 27 to 29 November 2018 that focused on medical students from the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Kara.
Results: The prevalence of headache was 75.27% and the average age of the students concerned was 21.07 +/- 1.77 years. This prevalence rose with the level of study ranging from 60% in second year to 86.67% in fourth year (Chi-2 = 6.0705, p †0.0481). By sex, 85% of girls and 72.26% of boys were suffering. The prevalence of migraine was 36.56% and that of tension-type headaches (TTH) was 21.50%. Forty-seven percent of students with migraine and 25% of those with TTH very often had a concentration disorder. The mean duration of absence due to primary headaches in the last three months was 4.97 days.
Conclusion: The negative impact of primary headaches on the quality of life of medical students requires specialized consultation
SLA et VIH : Cas dâune patiente seropositive au VIH-1 et revue de la litterature
La SclĂ©rose LatĂ©rale Amyotrophique est une pathologie neuro dĂ©gĂ©nĂ©rative rare. Son association avec le VIH lâest encore plus. Dans le but de dĂ©terminer lâimplication du VIH dans la survenue de la SLA, nous rapportons le cas dâune patiente de 51 ans, sĂ©ropositive au VIH-1 qui a prĂ©sentĂ© une SLA Ă dĂ©but spinal et qui est dĂ©cĂ©dĂ©e aprĂšs 30 mois dâĂ©volution malgrĂ© la prise en charge spĂ©cifique de la SLA et du VIH. Cette observation laisse persister une interrogation. Existerait-il un sous-type de VIH responsable du dĂ©clenchement de la SLA ?
English title: ALS and HIV: A HIV-1 seropositive patient and literature review
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is a rare neurodegenerative disease. Its association with HIV is even more so. In order to determine the involvement of HIV in the occurrence of ALS, we report the case of a 51-year-old female HIV-1 positive with spinal-onset ALS who died after 30 months despite the specific management of ALS and HIV. This observation leaves a question mark. Is there a subtype of HIV responsible for triggering ALS
Exploring the relationship between adolescent biological maturation, physical activity, and sedentary behaviour: A systematic review and narrative synthesis
Context: Across adolescence, there is a notable decline in physical activity in boys and girls. Maturational timing may be a risk factor for disengagement from physical activity and increased sedentary behaviours during adolescence. Objective: This systematic review aimed to summarise literature that examined the relationship between maturational timing, physical activity and sedentary behaviour in adolescents. Methods: Six electronic databases were searched for articles that assessed biological maturation and physical activity (including sports participation and active transportation) or sedentary behaviours in adolescents. Two reviewers conducted title, abstract, and full-text screening, reference and forward citation searches. Included articles were evaluated for quality using a standardised tool. A narrative synthesis was used to analyse the findings due to the heterogeneity of the studies. Results: Searches yielded 78 articles (64 unique studies) that met the inclusion criteria, representing 242,316 participants (153,179 unique). Studies ranged from 30.0% (low) to 91.7% (high) in quality. An inverse relationship between maturational timing and physical activity (in 50 and 60% of studies in boys and girls, respectively) and a positive relationship between maturational timing and sedentary behaviour (in 100% and 53% of studies in boys and girls, respectively) was most commonly reported. Evidence supporting an association between maturational timing, sports participation, and active transportation was inconsistent. Conclusions: While this review demonstrates some evidence for early maturational timing as a risk factor for disengagement from physical activity and increase in sedentary behaviours, the reviewed literature also demonstrates that this relationship is complex. Future research that tracks maturity-related variations in physical activity and sedentary behaviours over adolescence is warranted
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