Performances de systèmes viticoles à faible niveau d’intrants phytopharmaceutiques dans le vignoble bordelais

Afin de répondre aux exigences de réduction de l'usage des produits phytosanitaires, ce projet vise à concevoir et à évaluer des systèmes viticoles qui en sont très économes. Ces systèmes, menés en agriculture conventionnelle ou biologique, sont basés essentiellement sur des leviers d'efficience de la lutte chimique pour la gestion des maladies et des ravageurs (règles de décision de traitement), et de substitution pour la maîtrise des adventices (travail du sol, couverts végétaux). Un autre type de système teste aussi le levier de la résistance variétale contre le mildiou et l'oïdium. Une évaluation multicritères de ces systèmes est effectuée pendant 5 ans au vignoble (réduction d’IFT, présence de résidus, maîtrise des bioagresseurs, atteinte des objectifs de rendement, coûts de production, temps de travail). Les résultats montrent que des systèmes basés essentiellement sur l'efficience permettent de réduire significativement l'IFT en maintenant des performances agronomiques et économiques satisfaisantes. Néanmoins, compte tenu d'une certaine prise de risque engendrée par ces systèmes, la diffusion des règles de décisions doit impliquer les viticulteurs. En viticulture biologique, il apparaît difficile de réduire les doses de cuivre et de soufre par rapport aux pratiques actuelles en maintenant des performances agronomiques stables. La mise en œuvre de variétés résistantes au mildiou et à l'oïdium permet de réduire l’IFT de 90 % par rapport aux références régionales

PPA2-associated sudden cardiac death: extending the clinical and allelic spectrum in 20 new families

Purpose: Biallelic hypomorphic variants in PPA2, encoding the mitochondrial inorganic pyrophosphatase 2 protein, have been recently identified in individuals presenting with sudden cardiac death, occasionally triggered by alcohol intake or a viral infection. Here we report 20 new families harboring PPA2 variants. Methods: Synthesis of clinical and molecular data concerning 34 individuals harboring five previously reported PPA2 variants and 12 novel variants, 11 of which were functionally characterized. Results: Among the 34 individuals, only 6 remain alive. Twenty-three died before the age of 2 years while five died between 14 and 16 years. Within these 28 cases, 15 died of sudden cardiac arrest and 13 of acute heart failure. One case was diagnosed prenatally with cardiomyopathy. Four teenagers drank alcohol before sudden cardiac arrest. Progressive neurological signs were observed in 2/6 surviving individuals. For 11 variants, recombinant PPA2 enzyme activities were significantly decreased and sensitive to temperature, compared to wild-type PPA2 enzyme activity. Conclusion: We expand the clinical and mutational spectrum associated with PPA2 dysfunction. Heart failure and sudden cardiac arrest occur at various ages with inter- and intrafamilial phenotypic variability, and presentation can include progressive neurological disease. Alcohol intake can trigger cardiac arrest and should be strictly avoided.Anne Guimier ... Liza K. Phillips ... et al

PPA2-associated sudden cardiac death: extending the clinical and allelic spectrum in 20 new families

Purpose Biallelic hypomorphic variants in PPA2, encoding the mitochondrial inorganic pyrophosphatase 2 protein, have been recently identified in individuals presenting with sudden cardiac death, occasionally triggered by alcohol intake or a viral infection. Here we report 20 new families harboring PPA2 variants. Methods Synthesis of clinical and molecular data concerning 34 individuals harboring five previously reported PPA2 variants and 12 novel variants, 11 of which were functionally characterized. Results Among the 34 individuals, only 6 remain alive. Twenty-three died before the age of 2 years while five died between 14 and 16 years. Within these 28 cases, 15 died of sudden cardiac arrest and 13 of acute heart failure. One case was diagnosed prenatally with cardiomyopathy. Four teenagers drank alcohol before sudden cardiac arrest. Progressive neurological signs were observed in 2/6 surviving individuals. For 11 variants, recombinant PPA2 enzyme activities were significantly decreased and sensitive to temperature, compared to wild-type PPA2 enzyme activity. Conclusion We expand the clinical and mutational spectrum associated with PPA2 dysfunction. Heart failure and sudden cardiac arrest occur at various ages with inter- and intrafamilial phenotypic variability, and presentation can include progressive neurological disease. Alcohol intake can trigger cardiac arrest and should be strictly avoided

Access to medicines in Senegal : results of a sample survey

The survey was conducted in Senegal in April 2001 on a representative sample of providers and clients. Results show that access to medicines in Senegal was limited for three main reasons: (1) the supply of drugs was inadequate, and even critical drugs were often missing in health centres, and were somewhat less in pharmacies; (2) the health infrastructures appeared insufficient to cover the needs of the whole population, creating high opportunity costs; (3) the cost of the drugs prescribed was higher than the minimum price, sometimes exceeding the capacity of poorer people, although high cost was seldom reported as the main reason for not acquiring prescribed drugs. improving access to medicine is a priority to help reduce health inequalities in developing countries

Biallelic alterations in PLXND1 cause common arterial trunk and other cardiac malformations in humans

This article is freely available online. Click on the 'Additional Link' above to access the full-text via the publisher's site.Published version, accepted version (12 month embargo), submitted versio

Greek contributions to tomb paintings in Etruria and Southern Italy: Colours, Painting techniques, Workshops and Iconography

This contributions is dealing with the manifold Greek influences in the paintings - specially tomb paintings - in Etruria and Southern Italy from the 6th to the 3rd cent. B.C