195 research outputs found
Fermentation of deproteinized cheese whey powder solutions to ethanol by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae : effect of supplementation with corn steep liquor and repeated-batch operation with biomass recycling by flocculation
The lactose in cheese whey is an interesting
substrate for the production of bulk commodities such as
bio-ethanol, due to the large amounts of whey surplus
generated globally. In this work, we studied the performance
of a recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain
expressing the lactose permease and intracellular ß-galactosidase
from Kluyveromyces lactis in fermentations of
deproteinized concentrated cheese whey powder solutions.
Supplementation with 10 g/l of corn steep liquor significantly
enhanced whey fermentation, resulting in the production
of 7.4% (v/v) ethanol from 150 g/l initial lactose in
shake-flask fermentations, with a corresponding productivity
of 1.2 g/l/h. The flocculation capacity of the yeast
strain enabled stable operation of a repeated-batch process
in a 5.5-l air-lift bioreactor, with simple biomass recycling
by sedimentation of the yeast flocs. During five consecutive
batches, the average ethanol productivity was 0.65 g/l/h
and ethanol accumulated up to 8% (v/v) with lactose-toethanol
conversion yields over 80% of theoretical. Yeast
viability (>97%) and plasmid retention (>84%) remained
high throughout the operation, demonstrating the stability
and robustness of the strain. In addition, the easy and
inexpensive recycle of the yeast biomass for repeated utilization
makes this process economically attractive for
industrial implementation.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)LACTOGAL-Produtos Alimentares S.A.Companhia Portuguesa de Amidos, S.A
The hemolytic component of cancer anemia: effects of osmotic and metabolic stress on the erythrocytes of rats bearing multifocal inoculations of the Walker 256 tumor
SOIL ORGANIC MATTER FRACTIONS IN PRESERVED AND DISTURBED WETLANDS OF THE CERRADO BIOME
Suicidal ideation among students enrolled in healthcare training programs: a cross-sectional study
L-Alanyl-Glutamine dipeptide pretreatment attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat testis
Mother-male bond, but not paternity, influences male-infant affiliation in wild crested macaques
In promiscuous primates, interactions between adult males and infants have rarely been investigated. However, recent evidence suggests that male affiliation towards infants has an influence on several aspects of the infants’ life. Furthermore, affiliations may be associated with male reproductive strategy. In this study, we examined which social factors influenced male-infant affiliation initiated by either male or infant, in wild crested macaques (Macaca nigra). We combined behavioral data and genetic paternity analysis from 30 infants living in three wild groups in Tangkoko Reserve, Indonesia. Our results indicate that adult males and infants do not interact at random, but rather form preferential associations. The social factors with the highest influence on infant-initiated interactions were male rank and male association with the infant’s mother. While infants initiated affiliations with males more often in the absence of their mothers, adult males initiated more affiliations with infants when their mothers were present. Furthermore, males initiated affiliations more often when they were in the same group at the time the infant was conceived, when they held a high dominance rank or when they had a close relationship with the mother. Interestingly, paternity did not affect male-infant affiliation despite being highly skewed in this species. Overall, our results suggest that adult males potentially associate with an infant to secure future mating with the mother. Infants are more likely to associate with a male to receive better support, suggesting a strategy to increase the chance of infant survival in a primate society with high infant mortality
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