Capacitação de Manipuladores de Alimentos: Metodologia Pedagógica Tradicional versus Metodologia Pedagógica Ativa / Food Handler Training: Traditional Pedagogical Methodology versus Active Pedagogical Methodology

O papel do manipulador de alimento é fundamental na segurança alimentar, visto que pode se tornar, facilmente, transmissor de patógenos. Embora a Resolução de Direção Colegiada nº 216, de 15 de setembro de 2004 (RDC 216/2004), preconize capacitações continuadas aos manipuladores de alimentos, é sabido que quando elas acontecem não se mostram eficientes. O presente estudo ofertou, após aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do IFSULDEMINAS, capacitações em quatro diferentes temas a 40 colaboradores, divididos aleatoriamente em oito grupos de cinco componentes. Os treinamentos foram aplicados através de duas Metodologias Pedagógicas de ensino: a Metodologia Pedagógica Tradicional e a Metodologia Pedagógica Ativa, sendo que esta última utilizou de quatro ferramentas Pedagógicas: Metodologia Problematizadora, Peer Instruction, Role-Play e Gallery Walk com o objetivo de avaliar qual Metodologia Pedagógica foi mais assertiva, seja em conceituar teoricamente ou para as atividades práticas corriqueiras dos manipuladores de alimentos. Para avaliar o conhecimento acerca dos temas abordados foram aplicados questionários com questões conceituais e, para avaliar a execução de tarefas práticas, foram desenvolvidas atividades corriqueiras a setores de alimentação quanto à higiene para posterior avaliação microbiológica. Todos os dados foram avaliados pelo pacote estatístico IBM® SPSS for Windows, versão 20.0 (IBM® SPSS, 2012), com nível de significância de 5%. Pode-se observar que a Metodologia Tradicional não se mostrou mais eficiente que nenhuma das ferramentas Ativas utilizadas, tendo as Metodologias se mostrado homogêneas em algumas capacitações. Considerando treinamento teórico e prático, a Metodologia Ativa aplicada através do Gallery Walk mostrou-se mais efetiva que a Metodologia Tradicional na capacitação de manipuladores em tema relacionado à higiene de ambientes e superfícies, sendo, portanto, uma interessante opção para capacitação continuada de manipuladores e alimentos

ALTERAÇÕES ENDÓCRINAS EM REPRODUTORES SUÍNOS DE ALTO DESEMPENHO

Objetivando descrever o comportamento sexual e reprodutivo de machos suínos de alto desempenho, submeteram-se os animais a um protocolo de treinamento para colheita de sêmen, a fim de que fossem incorporados ao plantel de reprodutores do Setor de Suinocultura do Departamento de Zootecnia da UFLA. Submeteram-se os animais a medições de biometria testicular e pesagem para avaliações de desenvolvimento dos testículos e ganho de peso diário (GPD) durante a fase pré-púbere. Após o período de treinamento de colheita de sêmen, foram coletadas amostras de sangue para realização de análises hormonais de testosterona, estradiol, FSH e LH plasmáticos. Observaram-se diferenças nas concentrações de testosterona e estradiol, número médio de saltos diários sobre o manequim e tempo médio de ejaculação. O animal A apresentou um volume de 369,68 mL e 412,67 mL, para o testículo direito e esquerdo, respectivamente, em média oito saltos diários sobre o manequim durante o período de treinamento, e o tempo médio de ejaculação foi de 261 segundos. O animal B não realizou nenhum salto durante o treinamento e apresentou volume testicular direito de 359,76 mL e esquerdo de 315,10 mL. As dosagens hormonais para o animal A foram de 0,0153 ng/mL e 0,7015 ng/mL para testosterona e estradiol, respectivamente. O animal B apresentou concentração plasmática de testosterona de 0,0011 ng/mL e 0,0241 ng/mL de estradiol. As concentrações de FSH e LH foram semelhantes entre os animais, sendo 0,10 mU/mL e 0,10 U/L, respectivamente. Essas diferenças observadas possivelmente determinaram o comportamento sexual diferenciado dos machos durante o período de treinamento e colheita de sêmen. PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Comportamento sexual, hormônios, libido, varrão

Porcine follicular fluid concentration of free insulin-like growth factor-I collected from different diameter ovarian follicles

The study aimed to quantify the concentrations of free IGF-I in serum and fluid of ovarian follicles in pre-pubertal gilts and describe the ovarian morphology by measuring the size of the ovaries and counting the number of surface follicles. Ovaries (n=1,000) from pre-pubertal gilts were obtained immediately after slaughter. A total of 10 samplings were performed, with ovaries obtained from 50 females for each collection. The follicles situated on the surface of each ovary were classified as small (SFs, 2 to 5mm in diameter) or large (LFs 6 to 10mm in diameter) and the follicular fluid was obtained by follicle aspiration. The collection of serum samples was performed after the gilts exsanguination using sterile tubes. From the pool of serum and follicular fluid obtained from 50 females, the concentration of free IGF-I was determined in each sample using an enzyme immunoassay kit (ELISA). The description of ovarian morphometry was performed in 100 ovaries from randomly selected gilts. The larger and smaller lengths of ovaries were measured, and the total number of SFs and LFs present on the surface of each ovary were also counted. The IGF-I concentration was greater (P<0.05) in LFs (170.92±88.29 ng/mL) compared with SFs (67.39±49.90ng/mL) and serum (73.48±34.63ng/mL). The largest and smallest length of the ovaries was 26.0±3.0 and 19.0mm ±2.0mm, respectively. The number of SFs (70.86±25.76) was greater (P<0.01) than LFs (6.54±5.26). The study concluded that LFs present greater levels of IGF-I when compared with SFs and blood, which is related to increased activity of the LFs and its differentiation to ovulation. In addition, ovaries of pre-pubertal gilts have a higher number of SFs compared to LFs. Therefore, our study demonstrated unique data regarding the physiological concentration of free IGF-I in ovarian follicles, that can be used in future research to evaluate the addition of this hormone in the in vitro production media of porcine embryos with the goal to improve the technique efficiency

Morphological and morphometric evaluation of prepubertal gilt ovaries, uterine tubes and uterus at different oestrus cycle stages

Studies are performed in developing techniques/procedures that provide greater reproductive performance in farm animals, including pigs. In this sense, the study of gilts reproductive organs at different oestrus cycle stages for assessing the presence of abnormalities and/or other parameters that may affect the future animal fertility is important. In order to evaluate the morphological, morphometric and histomorphometric features of ovaries, uterus and uterine tubes (UTs) characteristics of prepubertal gilts at different oestrus cycle stages, reproductive tracts from 48 animals immediately after slaughter were obtained. After, the structures were dissected and removed, and the ovaries were used for classification of oestrus cycle stage of each gilt in follicular phase (FP) and luteal phase (FL). Then, morphometric evaluations of ovaries, UTs, uterine horns and uterine body were performed. Besides that, medial segments of UTs and uterus were fixed in Bouin solution, processed and included in paraffin, when histological sections of 5.0 micrometers (µm) were obtained and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. Histomorphometric analyzes using image capture system and specific software were performed. Afterwards, data were submitted to Student's t test for assessment the statistical differences (P<0.05) between the two different oestrus cycle stages (FP × LP) and between the placement of reproductive structures (right × left antimer). Among the gilts evaluated, 35 were in the FP and 13 in LP. There was no difference (P&gt;0.05) between morphometric parameters of ovaries, UTs and uterus of gilts in FP and LP. Likewise, in respect to the placement of reproductive structures, both in the oestrus cycle stages, as in the general average, there was no difference (P&gt;0.05). Regarding the histomorphometric variables, gilts classified in FP presented a higher (P<0.05) height of glandular and UT epithelium compared to animals in LP. On the other hand, the diameter of endometrial glands was higher (P<0.05) in gilts at LP compared to FP. Furthermore, gilts in LP presented a higher (P<0.05) proportion of endometrium occupied by glands, whereas animals in FP had a higher (P<0.05) proportion of connective tissue and blood vessels. In conclusion, in prepubertal gilts, the histomorphometric parameters as endometrial glands diameter, the height of glandular epithelium and of UT epithelium and the proportion of endometrium occupied by connective tissue, besides the glands and blood vessels varies through the oestrus cycle, possibly under the influence of ovarian steroids

Strain and strain rate by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography in a maned wolf

The measurement of cardiovascular features of wild animals is important, as is the measurement in pets, for the assessment of myocardial function and the early detection of cardiac abnormalities, which could progress to heart failure. Speckle tracking echocardiography (2D STE) is a new tool that has been used in veterinary medicine, which demonstrates several advantages, such as angle independence and the possibility to provide the early diagnosis of myocardial alterations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the left myocardial function in a maned wolf by 2D STE. Thus, the longitudinal, circumferential and radial strain and strain rate were obtained, as well as, the radial and longitudinal velocity and displacement values, from the right parasternal long axis four-chamber view, the left parasternal apical four chamber view and the parasternal short axis at the level of the papillary muscles. The results of the longitudinal variables were -13.52±7.88, -1.60±1.05, 4.34±2.52 and 3.86±3.04 for strain (%), strain rate (1/s), displacement (mm) and velocity (cm/s), respectively. In addition, the radial and circumferential Strain and Strain rate were 24.39±14.23, 1.86±0.95 and -13.69±6.53, -1.01±0.48, respectively. Thus, the present study provides the first data regarding the use of this tool in maned wolves, allowing a more complete quantification of myocardial function in this species

Strain and strain rate by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography in a maned wolf Strain e strain rate por meio de ecocardiogratia speckle traking bidimensional em um lobo-guará

The measurement of cardiovascular features of wild animals is important, as is the measurement in pets, for the assessment of myocardial function and the early detection of cardiac abnormalities, which could progress to heart failure. Speckle tracking echocardiography (2D STE) is a new tool that has been used in veterinary medicine, which demonstrates several advantages, such as angle independence and the possibility to provide the early diagnosis of myocardial alterations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the left myocardial function in a maned wolf by 2D STE. Thus, the longitudinal, circumferential and radial strain and strain rate were obtained, as well as, the radial and longitudinal velocity and displacement values, from the right parasternal long axis four-chamber view, the left parasternal apical four chamber view and the parasternal short axis at the level of the papillary muscles. The results of the longitudinal variables were -13.52±7.88, -1.60±1.05, 4.34±2.52 and 3.86±3.04 for strain (%), strain rate (1/s), displacement (mm) and velocity (cm/s), respectively. In addition, the radial and circumferential Strain and Strain rate were 24.39±14.23, 1.86±0.95 and -13.69±6.53, -1.01±0.48, respectively. Thus, the present study provides the first data regarding the use of this tool in maned wolves, allowing a more complete quantification of myocardial function in this species.A obtenção de parâmetros cardiovasculares em animais selvagens são importantes de serem avaliados, assim como em animais de companhia, para a obtenção da função miocárdica e determinação precoce de alterações cardíacas que poderiam evoluir para insuficiência cardíaca . A ecocardiografia speckle tracking (2D STE) é uma ferramenta nova que tem sido utilizada em medicina veterinária, a qual tem demonstrado várias vantagens quanto ao seu uso, como a independência do ângulo de insonação e a possibilidade de se obter o diagnóstico precoce de alterações miocárdicas. Objetivou-se avaliar a função miocárdica esquerda de um lobo guará por meio do uso da 2D STE. Desta forma, foram obtidas as variáveis Strain e Strain Rate longitudinais, circunferenciais e radiais, assim como a velocidade e o deslocamento longitudinais e radiais, utilizando os cortes eixo longo paraesternal direito quatro câmaras, paraesternal esquerdo apical quatro câmaras e eixo curto paraesternal direito no plano dos músculos papilares. Os resultados das variáveis longitudinais fora -13,52±7,88, -1,60±1,05, 4,34±2,52 e 3,86±3,04 para Strain (%), Strain rate (1/s), deslocamento (mm) e velocidade (cm/s), respectivamente. Quanto ao Strain e Strain rate radiais e circunferenciais foram obtidos 24,39±14,23, 1,86±0,95 e -13,69±6,53, -1,01±0,48. Portanto, o presente estudo fornece os primeiros dados a respeito do uso desta ferramenta em lobos guarás, permitindo uma quantificação da função miocárdica de forma mais completa nesta espécie