Dynamic NanoSIMS ion imaging of unicellular freshwater algae exposed to copper

This work demonstrates the capabilities of nanoscale secondary-ion mass spectrometry, using the Cameca NanoSIMS50 ion microprobe, to detect and image the copper-ion distribution in microalgal cells exposed to nanomolar and micromolar copper concentrations. In parallel to 63Cu− secondary-ion maps, images of 12C−, 12C14N−, and 31P− secondary ions were collected and analysed. A correlation of 63Cu− secondary-ion maps with those found for 12C14N− and 31P− demonstrated the possible association of Cu with cell components rich in proteins and phosphorus. The results highlighted the potential of NanoSIMS for intracellular tracking of essential trace elements such as Cu in single cells of the microalga Chlorella kesslerii. Figure 12C14N-, 63Cu- secondary-ion distributions in algal cel

Rare Earth Elements as Hydrological Tracers of Anthropogenic and Critical Zone Contributions: A Case Study at the Alzette River Basin Scale.

AbstractEnrichments in Gd and LREE/HREE fractionation have been observed for the dissolved and colloidal fractions in waters of the Alzette River during low flow conditions. They can be related to the effluents of the waste water treatment plants (Gd/Gd*: 8-380 and LaN/YbN: 0.02-0.07). Mean daily flux balance calculations at the basin scale show that during low flow conditions Gd only comes from the anthropogenic effluents. When flood events occur, the Gd anomaly progressively disappears and gives way to a chemical water signature, which is closer to that of natural REE sources in the basin (Gd/Gd*<1.4 and 0.11<LaN/YbN<1.5)

Chemical contamination in fish species from rivers in the North of Luxembourg: Potential impact on the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra).

Contamination levels of PCBs, and of the heavy metals cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) were analyzed in four fish species from seven rivers in the North of Luxembourg. During August and September 2007, 85 samples of fish were collected belonging to four species: the stone loach (Barbatula barbatula, n = 12 pools), the chub (Squalius cephalus, n = 36), the barbel (Barbus barbus, n = 23) and eel (Anguilla anguilla, n = 14). The concentration of seven indicator PCBs (P7PCBs) reached a mean of 39 ng g 1 and varied between 4.0 and 346.2 ng g 1 (wet wt) depending on the site and species. Fish collected at Wal- lendorf on the Our River and sites on the Wiltz and the Clerve rivers showed the highest concentrations for PCBs. In comparison with 1994, PCB levels in fish decreased strongly during the last decade in these rivers. Lead was detected at low levels (0–181.4 ng g 1 wet wt). Mercury concentrations ranged between 10.3 and 534.5ngg 1 (wet wt) exceeding maximum tolerable levels for human consumption of 500 ng g 1 in two fish out of 85. Chubs and eels from the Sûre River were the most contaminated by mer- cury. Cadmium levels varied between 4.0 and 103.9 ng g 1 (wet wt). In addition to mercury in fish, cad- mium was the most problematic pollutant on the Our, the Wiltz, the Clerve and the Troine Rivers, because values found in 20% of fish exceeded the threshold of about 10–50 ng g 1 (wet wt) recommended for human health. The total PCB level predicted to accumulate in livers from otter potentially feeding on these fish based on a previously published mathematical model is 37.7 lg g 1 (lipid wt), which is between a proposed ‘‘safe level” and a ‘‘critical level” for otters. Rivers in the North of Luxembourg are thus to some extent polluted, and the establishment of otter populations could be affected by current levels of contamination.Peer reviewe

Improving taste and flavor in dairy product through milk analysis of free fatty by mid-infrared (MIR) spectrometry

editorial reviewe

EPMA-World Congress 2015: Bonn, Germany. 3-5 September 2015

Table of contents A1 Predictive and prognostic biomarker panel for targeted application of radioembolisation improving individual outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma Jella-Andrea Abraham, Olga Golubnitschaja A2 Integrated market access approach amplifying value of “Rx-CDx” Ildar Akhmetov A3 Disaster response: an opportunity to improve global healthcare Russell J. Andrews, Leonidas Quintana A4 USA PPPM: proscriptive, profligate, profiteering medicine-good for 1 % wealthy, not for 99 % unhealthy Russell J. Andrews A5 The role of IDO in a murine model of gingivitis: predictive and therapeutic potentials Babak Baban, Jun Yao Liu, Xu Qin, Tailing Wang, Mahmood S. Mozaffari A6 Specific diets for personalised treatment of diabetes type 2 Viktoriia V. Bati, Tamara V. Meleshko, Olga B. Levchuk, Nadiya V. Boyko A7 Towards personalized physiotherapeutic approach Joanna Bauer, Ewa Boerner, Halina Podbielska A8 Cells, animal, SHIME and in silico models for detection and verification of specific biomarkers of non-communicable chronic diseases Alojz Bomba, Viktor O. Petrov, Volodymyr G. Drobnych, Rostyslav V. Bubnov, Oksana M. Bykova, Nadiya V. Boyko A9 INTERACT-chronic care model: Self-treatment by patients with decision support e-Health solution Hans-Peter Brunner-La Rocca, Lutz Fleischhacker, Olga Golubnitschaja, Frank Heemskerk, Thomas Helms, Tiny Jaarsma, Judita Kinkorova, Jan Ramaekers, Peter Ruff, Ivana Schnur, Emilio Vanoli, Jose Verdu A10 PPPM in cardiovascular medicine in 2015 Hans-Peter Brunner-La Rocca A11 Magnetic resonance imaging of nanoparticles in mice, potential for theranostic and contrast media development – pilot results Rostyslav V. Bubnov, Sergiy A. Grabovetskyi, Olena M. Mykhalchenko, Natalia O. Tymoshok, Oleksandr B. Shcherbakov, Igor P. Semeniv, Mykola Y. Spivak A12 Ultrasound diagnosis for diabetic neuropathy - comparative study Rostyslav V. Bubnov, Tetyana V. Ostapenko A13 Ultrasound for stratification patients with diabetic foot ulcers for prevention and personalized treatment - pilot results Rostyslav V. Bubnov, Nazarii M. Kobyliak, Nadiya M. Zholobak, Mykola Ya. Spivak A14 Project ImaGenX – designing and executing a questionnaire on environment and lifestyle risk of breast cancer John Paul Cauchi A15 Genomics – a new structural brand of predictive, preventive and personalized medicine or the new driver as well? Dmitrii Cherepakhin, Marina Bakay, Artem Borovikov, Sergey Suchkov A16 Survey of questionnaires for evaluation of the quality of life in various medical fields Barbara Cieślik, Agnieszka Migasiewicz, Maria-Luiza Podbielska, Markus Pelleter, Agnieszka Giemza, Halina Podbielska A17 Personalized molecular treatment for muscular dystrophies Sebahattin Cirak A18 Secondary mutations in circulating tumour DNA for acquired drug resistance in patients with advanced ALK + NSCLC Marzia Del Re, Paola Bordi, Valentina Citi, Marta Palombi, Carmine Pinto, Marcello Tiseo, Romano Danesi A19 Recombinant species-specific FcεRI alpha proteins for diagnosis of IgE-mediated allergies in dogs, cats and horses Lukas Einhorn, Judit Fazekas, Martina Muhr, Alexandra Schoos, Lucia Panakova, Ina Herrmann, Krisztina Manzano-Szalai, Kumiko Oida, Edda Fiebiger, Josef Singer, Erika Jensen-Jarolim A20 Global methodology for developmental neurotoxicity testing in humans and animals early and chronically exposed to chemical contaminants Arpiné A. Elnar, Nadia Ouamara, Nadiya Boyko, Xavier Coumoul, Jean-Philippe Antignac, Bruno Le Bizec, Gauthier Eppe, Jenny Renaut, Torsten Bonn, Cédric Guignard, Margherita Ferrante, Maria Liusa Chiusano, Salvatore Cuzzocrea, Gerard O'Keeffe, John Cryan, Michelle Bisson, Amina Barakat, Ihsane Hmamouchi, Nasser Zawia, Anumantha Kanthasamy, Glen E. Kisby, Rui Alves, Oscar Villacañas Pérez, Kim Burgard, Peter Spencer, Norbert Bomba, Martin Haranta, Nina Zaitseva, Irina May, Stéphanie Grojean, Mathilde Body-Malapel, Florencia Harari, Raul Harari, Kristina Yeghiazaryan, Olga Golubnitschaja, Vittorio Calabrese, Christophe Nemos, Rachid Soulimani A21 Mental indicators at young people with attributes hypertension and pre-hypertension Maria E. Evsevyeva, Elena A. Mishenko, Zurida V. Kumukova, Evgeniy V. Chudnovsky, Tatyana A. Smirnova A22 On the approaches to the early diagnosis of stress-induced hypertension in young employees of State law enforcement agencies Maria E. Evsevyeva, Ludmila V. Ivanova, Michail V. Eremin, Maria V. Rostovtseva A23 Сentral aortic pressure and indexes of augmentation in young persons in view of risk factors Maria E. Evsevyeva, Michail V. Eremin, Vladimir I. Koshel, Oksana V. Sergeeva, Nadesgda M. Konovalova A24 Breast cancer prediction and prevention: Are reliable biomarkers in horizon? Shantanu Girotra, Olga Golubnitschaja A25 Flammer Syndrome and potential formation of pre-metastatic niches: A multi-centred study on phenotyping, patient stratification, prediction and potential prevention of aggressive breast cancer and metastatic disease Olga Golubnitschaja, Manuel Debald, Walther Kuhn, Kristina Yeghiazaryan, Rostyslav V. Bubnov, Vadym M. Goncharenko, Ulyana Lushchyk, Godfrey Grech, Katarzyna Konieczka A26 Innovative tools for prenatal diagnostics and monitoring: improving individual pregnancy outcomes and health-economy in EU Olga Golubnitschaja, Jan Jaap Erwich, Vincenzo Costigliola, Kristina Yeghiazaryan, Ulrich Gembruch A27 Immunohistochemical assessment of APUD cells in endometriosis Vadym M. Goncharenko, Vasyl O. Beniuk, Olga V. Kalenska, Rostyslav V. Bubnov A28 Updating personalized management algorithm of endometrial hyperplasia in pre-menopause women Vadym M. Goncharenko, Vasyl O. Beniuk, Rostyslav V. Bubnov, Olga Melnychuk A29 The personified treatment approach of polimorbid patients with periodontal inflammatory diseases Irina A. Gorbacheva, Lyudmila Y. Orekhova, Vadim V. Tachalov A30 Ukrainian experience in hybrid war – the challenge to update algorithms for personalized care and early prevention of different military injuries Olena I. Grechanyk, Rizvan Ya. Abdullaiev, Rostyslav V. Bubnov A31 Tear fluid biomarkers: a comparison of tear fluid sampling and storage protocols Suzanne Hagan, Eilidh Martin, Ian Pearce, Katherine Oliver A32 The correlation of dietary habits with gingival problems during menstruation Cenk Haytac, Fariz Salimov, Servin Yoksul, Anatoly A. Kunin, Natalia S. Moiseeva A33 Genomic medicine in a contemporary Spanish population of prostate cancer: our experience Bernardo Herrera-Imbroda, Sergio del Río-González, Maria Fernanda Lara, Antonia Angulo, Francisco Javier Machuca Santa-Cruz A34 Challenges, opportunities and collaborations for personalized medicine applicability in uro-oncological disease Bernardo Herrera-Imbroda, Sergio del Río-González, Maria Fernanda Lara A35 Metabolic hallmarks of cancer as targets for a personalized therapy John Ionescu A36 Influence of genetic polymorphism as a predictor of the development of periodontal disease in patients with gastric ulcer and 12 duodenal ulcer Alfiya Z. Isamulaeva, Anatoly A. Kunin, Shamil Sh. Magomedov, Aida I. Isamulaeva A37 Challenges in diabetic macular edema Tatjana Josifova A38 Overview of the EPMA strategies in laboratory medicine relevant for PPPM Marko Kapalla, Juraj Kubáň, Olga Golubnitschaja, Vincenzo Costigliola A39 EPMA initiative for effective organization of medical travel: European concepts and criteria Vincenzo Costigliola, Marko Kapalla, Juraj Kubáň, Olga Golubnitschaja A40 Design and innovation in e-textiles: implications for PPPM Anthony Kent, Tom Fisher, Tilak Dias A41 Biobank in Pilsen as a member of national node BBMRI_CZ Judita Kinkorová, Ondřej Topolčan A42 Big data in personalized medicine: hype and hope Matthias Kohl A43 The 3P approach as the platform of the European Dentistry Department (DPPPD) Anatoly A. Kunin, Natalia S. Moiseeva A44 The endometrium cytokine patterns for predictive diagnosis of proliferation severity and cancer prevention Andrii I. Kurchenko, Vasyl A. Beniuk, Vadym M. Goncharenko, Rostyslav V. Bubnov, Nadiya V. Boyko, Andriy M. Strokan A45 A monocyte-based in-vitro system for testing individual responses to the implanted material: future for personalized implant construction Julia Kzhyshkowska, Alexandru Gudima, Ksenia S. Stankevich, Victor D. Filimonov4, Harald Klüter, Evgeniya M. Mamontova, Sergei I. Tverdokhlebov A46 Prediction and prevention of adverse health effects by meteorological factors: Biomarker patterns and creation of a device for self-monitoring and integrated care Ulyana B. Lushchyk, Viktor V. Novytskyy, Igor P. Babii, Nadiya G. Lushchyk, Lyudmyla S. Riabets, Ivanna I. Legka A47 Targeting "disease signatures" towards personalized healthcare Mira Marcus-Kalish, Alexis Mitelpunkt, Tal Galili, Neta Shachar, Yoav Benjamini A48 Influence of the skin imperfection on the personal quality of life and possible tools for objective diagnosis Agnieszka Migasiewicz, Markus Pelleter, Joanna Bauer, Ewelina Dereń, Halina Podbielska A49 The new direction in caries prevention based on the ultrastructure of dental hard tissues and filling materials Natalia S. Moiseeva, Anatoly A. Kunin, Dmitry A. Kunin A50 The use of LED radiation in prevention of dental diseases Natalia S. Moiseeva, Yury A. Ippolitov, Dmitry A. Kunin, Alexei N. Morozov, Natalia V. Chirkova, Nakhid T. Aliev A51 Status of endothelial progenitor cells in diabetic nephropathy: predictive and preventive potentials Mahmood S. Mozaffari, Jun Yao Liu, Babak Baban A52 The status of glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper protein in salivary gland in Sjögren’s syndrome: predictive and personalized treatment potentials Mahmood S. Mozaffari, Jun Yao Liu, Rafik Abdelsayed, Xing-Ming Shi, Babak Baban A53 Maximal aerobic capacity - important quality marker of health Jaroslav Novák, Milan Štork, Václav Zeman A54 The EMPOWER project: laboratory medicine and Horizon 2020 Wytze P. Oosterhuis, Elvar Theodorsson A55 Personality profile manifestations in patient’s attitude to oral care and adherence to doctor’s prescriptions Lyudmila Y. Orekhova, Tatyana V. Kudryavtseva, Elena R. Isaeva, Vadim V. Tachalov, Ekaterina S. Loboda A56 Results of an European survey on personalized medicine addressed to directions of laboratory medicine Mario Pazzagli, Francesca Malentacchi, Irene Mancini, Ivan Brandslund, Pieter Vermeersch, Matthias Schwab, Janja Marc, Ron H.N. van Schaik, Gerard Siest, Elvar Theodorsson, Chiara Di Resta A57 MCI or early dementia predictive speech based diagnosis techniques Matus Pleva, Jozef Juhar A58 Personalized speech based mobile application for eHealth Matus Pleva, Jozef Juhar A59 Circulating tumor cell-free DNA as the biomarker in the management of cancer patients Jiří Polívka jr., Filip Janků, Martin Pešta, Jan Doležal, Milena Králíčková, Jiří Polívka A60 Complex stroke care – educational programme in Stroke Centre University Hospital Plzen Jiří Polívka, Alena Lukešová, Nina Müllerová, Petr Ševčík, Vladimír Rohan A61 Sleep apnea and sleep fragmentation contribute to brain aging Kneginja Richter, Lence Miloseva, Günter Niklewski A62 Personalised approach for sleep disturbances in shift workers Kneginja Richter, Jens Acker, Guenter Niklewski A63 Medical travel and innovative PPPM clusters: new concept of integration Olga Safonicheva, Vincenzo Costigliola A64 Medical travel and women health Olga Safonicheva A65 Continuity of generations in the training of specialists in the field of reconstructive microsurgery Maxim Sautin, Janna Sinelnikova, Sergey Suchkov A66 Telemonitoring of stroke patients – empirical evidence of individual risk management results from an observational study in Germany Songül Secer, Stephan von Bandemer A67 Women’s increasing breast cancer risk with n-6 fatty acid intake explained by estrogen-fatty acid interactive effect on DNA damage: implications for gender-specific nutrition within personalized medicine Niva Shapira A68 Cytobacterioscopy of the gingival crevicular fluid as a method for preventive diagnosis of periodontal diseases Aleksandr Shcherbakov, Anatoly A. Kunin, Natalia S. Moiseeva A69 Use of specially treated composites in dentistry to avoid violations of aesthetics Bogdan R. Shumilovich, Zhanna Lipkind, Yulia Vorobieva, Dmitry A. Kunin, Anastasiia V. Sudareva A70 National eHealth system – platform for preventive, predictive and personalized diabetes care Ivica Smokovski, Tatjana Milenkovic A72 The common energy levels of Prof. Szent-Györgyi, the intrinsic chemistry of melanin, and the muscle physiopathology. Implications in the context of Preventive, Predictive, and Personalized Medicine Arturo Solís-Herrera, María del Carmen Arias-Esparza, Sergey Suchkov A73 Plurality and individuality of hepatocellular carcinoma: PPPM perspectives Krishna Chander Sridhar, Olga Golubnitschaja A74 Strategic aspects of higher medical education reforms to secure newer educational platforms for getting biopharma professionals matures Maria Studneva, Sihong Song, James Creeden, Мark Мandrik, Sergey Suchkov A75 Overview of the strategies and activities of the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, (EFLM) Elvar Theodorsson, EFLM A76 New spectroscopic techniques for point of care label free diagnostics Syed A. M. Tofail A77 Tumor markers for personalized medicine and oncology - the role of Laboratory Medicine Ondřej Topolčan, Judita Kinkorová, Ondřej Fiala, Marie Karlíková, Šárka Svobodová, Radek Kučera, Radka Fuchsová, Vladislav Třeška, Václav Šimánek, Ladislav Pecen, Jan Šoupal, Štěpán Svačina2 A78 Modern medical terminology (MMT) as a driver of the global educational reforms Evgeniya Tretyak, Maria Studneva, Sergey Suchkov A79 Juvenile hypertension; the relevance of novel predictive, preventive and personalized assessment of its determinants Francesca M. Trovato, G. Fabio Martines, Daniela Brischetto, Daniela Catalano, Giuseppe Musumeci, Guglielmo M. Trovato A80 Proteomarkers Biotech George Th. Tsangaris, Athanasios K. Anagnostopoulos A81 Proteomics and mass spectrometry based non-invasive prenatal testing of fetal health and pregnancy complications George Th. Tsangaris, Athanasios K. Anagnostopoulos A82 Integrated Ecosystem for an Integrated Care model for Heart Failure (HF) patients including related comorbidities (ZENITH) José Verdú, German Gutiérrez, Jordi Rovira, Marta Martinez, Lutz Fleischhacker, Donna Green, Arthur Garson, Elena Tamburini, Stefano Cuomo, Juan Martinez-Leon, Teresa Abrisqueta, Hans-Peter Brunner-La Rocca, Tiny Jaarsma, Teresa Arredondo, Cecilia Vera, Giuseppe Fico, Olga Golubnitschaja, Fernando Arribas, Martina Onderco, Isabel Vara, on behalf of ZENITH consortium A83 Predictive, preventive and personalized medicine in diabetes onset and complication (MOSAIC project) José Verdú, Francesco Sambo, Barbara Di Camillo, Claudio Cobelli, Andrea Facchinetti, Giuseppe Fico, Riccardo Bellazzi, Lucia Sacchi, Arianna Dagliati, Daniele Segnani, Valentina Tibollo, Manuel Ottaviano, Rafael Gabriel, Leif Groop, Jacqueline Postma, Antonio Martinez, Liisa Hakaste, Tiinamaija Tuomi, Konstantia Zarkogianni, on behalf of MOSAIC consortium A84 Possibilities for personalized therapy of diabetes using in vitro screening of insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents Igor Volchek, Nina Pototskaya, Andrey Petrov A85 The innovative technology for personalized therapy of human diseases based on in vitro drug screening Igor Volchek, Nadezhda Pototskaya, Andrey Petrov A86 Bone destruction and temporomandibular joint: predictive markers, pathogenetic aspects and quality of life Ülle Voog-Oras, Oksana Jagur, Edvitar Leibur, Priit Niibo, Triin Jagomägi, Minh Son Nguyen, Chris Pruunsild, Dagmar Piikov, Mare Saag A87 Sub-optimal health management – global vision for concepts in medical travel Wei Wang A88 Sub-optimal health management: synergic PPPM-TCAM approach Wei Wang A89 Innovative technologies for minimal invasive diagnostics Andreas Weinhäusel, Walter Pulverer, Matthias Wielscher, Manuela Hofner, Christa Noehammer, Regina Soldo, Peter Hettegger, Istvan Gyurjan, Ronald Kulovics, Silvia Schönthaler, Gabriel Beikircher, Albert Kriegner, Stephan Pabinger, Klemens Vierlinger A90 Rare disease diobanks for personalized medicine Ayşe Yüzbaşıoğlu, Meral Özgüç, Member of EuroBioBank - European Network of DNA, Cell and Tissue Banks for Rare Disease

Structural characterization of humic substances from an acidic peat using thermochemolysis techniques

The general aim of the present work is a study of the insoluble organic matter (humic acids, humin) present in an acidic wetland, and more particularly lipidic parts involved in their chemical structure. Humic acids and humin from an acidic peat bog located at Brennilis (Sphagnum, pH 4.7) in Brittany (France) were characterised by spectroscopic properties (FT-IR and solid state $^{13}$C NMR) of their functional groups. Analytical and preparative thermochemolysis (pyrolysis using tetraalkylammonium hydroxide) were also used to investigate humic substances. This technique yielded various ranges of hydrocarbons, fatty acid methyl esters and $\alpha$,$\omega$-dicarboxylic acid methyl esters. In both cases, pyrolysates contained high amounts of polar macromolecular components and aromatic products, mainly derived from lignin moieties, as syringic and p-coumaric units. Our results indicate that structural similarities exist between humic acids and humin in the Brennilis sample, but important structural differences can be pointed out by thermochemolysis.Étude structurale de substances humiques d'une tourbe acide par thermochimiolyse. L'objectif général de ce travail est l'étude des formes insolubles de matière organique (humine, acides humiques) présentes dans une tourbe acide, et plus particulièrement de leur composante lipidique. Les principaux groupes fonctionnels des acides humiques et de l'humine de la tourbe acide de Brennilis (Sphaignes, pH 4,7) en Bretagne (France) ont été caractérisés par spectroscopie (FT-IR et RMN $^{13}$C du solide). Plusieurs techniques de thermochimiolyse (pyrolyse en présence d'hydroxyde de tétraalkyl ammonium) analytique et préparative ont également été utilisées pour étudier les substances humiques. Ces techniques permettent d'isoler différentes séries d'hydrocarbures, d'esters méthyliques d'acides gras et d'esters $\alpha$, $\omega$-diméthyliques. Dans tous les cas, les pyrolysats contiennent une grande quantité de composés macro-moléculaires et de produits aromatiques dérivés principalement de motifs ligneux, tels que les acides syringique et p-coumarique. Nos résultats indiquent que des similitudes existent entre les acides humiques et l'humine de l'échantillon de Brennilis, mais que des différences structurales importantes apparaissent par thermochimiolyse

Effect of soil drying on FT-IR spectroscopic analysis: a methodological study in Luxembourg

Optimum soil quality is a goal to be achieved in agriculture and forestry and in order to maintain a sustainable equilibrium of ecosystems. The evaluation of various parameters influencing the soil’s structure, fertility or even its chemical, physical or biological properties, like for instance soil organic matter, often relies on time-consuming and cost-intensive labwork. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, however, has highly contributed to rapidly and cost-effectively assess these different parameters. Especially the mid-infrared (MIR) range (4000-400cm-1) has proven to be an effective tool to predict soil properties. Additionally, MIR spectroscopy represents a qualitative analysis and renders spectral interpretation less complex by easily attributing peaks to organic or mineral compounds on the spectrum. Our research focuses on characterizing various soil compounds (water-extractable organic matter and lipids) through MIR spectral analysis. The present study specifically investigates the effect of various drying conditions on soils by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflectance (ATR) mode. The OL and A horizons of five representative soils of Luxembourg were collected: a Stagnic cambisol (Humic, Dystric), a Haplic Acrisol (Arenic), a Stagnic Albeluvisol (Dystric, Siltic), a Cambic Leptosol (Calcaric) and a Haplic Cambisol (Eutric). Field-moist soil samples were directly sieved in a 2mm mesh and conditioned in accordance with the different drying procedures realized during this study, namely freeze-drying, oven-drying (25, 40, 80 and 105°C) and air-drying (20°C). The spectral analyses were performed after incorporation of KBr pellets on a Bruker Hyperion 2000 (Bruker Optik Gmbh, Ettlingen, Germany) Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectrometer (FT-IR) in Attenuated Total Reflectance mode (ATR). For each pellet, three spectra were recorded at different locations, in order to evaluate the reproducibility of the method. Additional conventional soil analyses were realized: pH (H2O, KCl, CaCl2), exchange capacity (Cohex) and related exchangeable cations, particle size analysis and CHNS elemental analysis, including the distinction between total and organic carbon contents, by means of acidic pretreatment of samples (HCl 2N). The outcome of this study shall define an optimal drying procedure for soil organic matter analysis coupled with infrared spectrometry. Indeed, traces of water in soil samples are known to produce broad bands around 3500cm- 1, which may mask relevant peaks related to soil. The expected results would show a significant attenuation or even an absence of the water band, depending on the pretreatment applied. In addition, this work will also be focused on the impact of the drying procedure on the spectral bands attributable to soil organic matter, possibly due to SOM degradation. Furthermore, the results from the preferred method should be reproducible independently from the type of soil chosen

Effect of soil drying on FT-IR spectroscopic analysis: a methodological study in Luxembourg

Optimum soil quality is a goal to be achieved in agriculture and forestry and in order to maintain a sustainable equilibrium of ecosystems. The evaluation of various parameters influencing the soil’s structure, fertility or even its chemical, physical or biological properties, like for instance soil organic matter, often relies on time-consuming and cost-intensive labwork. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, however, has highly contributed to rapidly and cost-effectively assess these different parameters. Especially the mid-infrared (MIR) range (4000-400cm-1) has proven to be an effective tool to predict soil properties. Additionally, MIR spectroscopy represents a qualitative analysis and renders spectral interpretation less complex by easily attributing peaks to organic or mineral compounds on the spectrum. Our research focuses on characterizing various soil compounds (water-extractable organic matter and lipids) through MIR spectral analysis. The present study specifically investigates the effect of various drying conditions on soils by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflectance (ATR) mode. The OL and A horizons of five representative soils of Luxembourg were collected: a Stagnic cambisol (Humic, Dystric), a Haplic Acrisol (Arenic), a Stagnic Albeluvisol (Dystric, Siltic), a Cambic Leptosol (Calcaric) and a Haplic Cambisol (Eutric). Field-moist soil samples were directly sieved in a 2mm mesh and conditioned in accordance with the different drying procedures realized during this study, namely freeze-drying, oven-drying (25, 40, 80 and 105°C) and air-drying (20°C). The spectral analyses were performed after incorporation of KBr pellets on a Bruker Hyperion 2000 (Bruker Optik Gmbh, Ettlingen, Germany) Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectrometer (FT-IR) in Attenuated Total Reflectance mode (ATR). For each pellet, three spectra were recorded at different locations, in order to evaluate the reproducibility of the method. Additional conventional soil analyses were realized: pH (H2O, KCl, CaCl2), exchange capacity (Cohex) and related exchangeable cations, particle size analysis and CHNS elemental analysis, including the distinction between total and organic carbon contents, by means of acidic pretreatment of samples (HCl 2N). The outcome of this study shall define an optimal drying procedure for soil organic matter analysis coupled with infrared spectrometry. Indeed, traces of water in soil samples are known to produce broad bands around 3500cm- 1, which may mask relevant peaks related to soil. The expected results would show a significant attenuation or even an absence of the water band, depending on the pretreatment applied. In addition, this work will also be focused on the impact of the drying procedure on the spectral bands attributable to soil organic matter, possibly due to SOM degradation. Furthermore, the results from the preferred method should be reproducible independently from the type of soil chosen

Does nitrate co-pollution affect biological responses of an aquatic plant to two common herbicides?

International audienceAquatic systems in agricultural landscapes are subjected to multiple stressors, among them pesticide and nitrate run-off, but effects of both together have rarely been studied. We investigated possible stress-specific and interaction effects using the new OECD test organism, Myriophyllum spicatum, a widespread aquatic plant. In a fully factorial design, we used two widely applied herbicides, isoproturon and mesosulfuron-methyl, in concentration-response curves at two nitrate levels (219.63 and 878.52 mg N-NO3). We applied different endpoints reflecting plant performance such as growth, pigment content, content in phenolic compounds, and plant stoichiometry. Relative growth rates based on length (RGR-L) were affected strongly by both herbicides, while effects on relative growth rate based on dry weight (RGR-DW) were apparent for isoproturon but hardly visible for mesosulfuron-methyl due to an increase in dry matter content. The higher nitrate level further reduced growth rates, specifically with mesosulfuron-methyl. Effects were visible between 50 and 500 mu g L-1 for isoproturon and 0.5-5 mu g L-1 for mesosulfuron-methyl, with some differences between endpoints. The two herbicides had opposite effects on chlorophyll, carotenoid and nitrogen contents in plants, with values increasing with increasing concentrations of isoproturon and decreasing for mesosulfuron-methyl. Herbicides and nitrate level exhibited distinct effects on the content in phenolic compounds, with higher nitrate levels reducing total phenolic compounds in controls and with isoproturon, but not with mesosulfuron-methyl. Increasing concentrations of mesosulfuron-methyl lead to a decline of total phenolic compounds, while isoproturon had little effect. Contents of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus changed depending on the stressor combination. We observed higher phosphorus levels in plants exposed to certain concentrations of herbicides, potentially indicating a metabolic response. The C:N molar ratio decreased strongly with isoproturon and increased with mesosulfuron-methyl. The C:P and N:P ratios did not vary for most herbicide concentrations, indicating homeostasis. Nitrate level had no effect on the C:N ratio, but the N:P ratio increased in high nitrate level treatments, indicating that the former is more strictly regulated by the plant than the latter. We conclude that the multi-stress impacts caused to aquatic primary producers by herbicides and nitrate enrichment, as often observed in agricultural run-off, not only affected growth and pigment content, but also structural traits (dry matter content) and other physiological traits (elemental stoichiometry, phenolic compounds). Changes in those might have indirect effects on biotic interactions and elemental cycles. We suggest considering some of these endpoints in future studies in environmental risk assessment for agricultural run-off

From Tolerance to Acute Metabolic Deregulation: Contribution of Proteomics To Dig into the Molecular Response of Alder Species under a Polymetallic Exposure

Alnus spp. are actinorhizal trees commonly found in wet habitats and able to grow effectively in soil slightly contaminated with metal trace- elements. Two clones belonging to two Alnus species, namely, A. incana and A. glutinosa, were grown in hydroponics and exposed for 9 weeks to a Cd + Ni + Zn polymetallic constraint. Although responding by a similar decrease in total biomass production, the proteomic analysis associated with the study of various biochemical parameters including carbohydrate and mineral analyses revealed that the two clones have a distinct stressresponsive behavior. All parameters indicated that the roots, the organ in direct contact with the media, are more affected than the leaves. In fact, in A. glutinosa the response was almost completely confined to the roots, whereas many proteins change significantly in the roots and in the leaves of the treated A. incana. In both clones, the changes affected a broad range of metabolic processes such as redox regulation and energy metabolism and induced the production of pathogenesis-related proteins. In particular, changes in the accumulation of bacterial proteins that were not identified as coming from the known symbionts of Alnus were reported. Further investigation should be performed to identify their origin and exact role in the plant response to the polymetallic exposure tested here