5,092 research outputs found
Properties of bio-oil and bio-char produced by sugar cane bagasse pyrolysis in a stainless steel tubular reactor
In this study, compositional analysis of the products obtained by thermal degradation of sugar cane bagasse at various pyrolysis temperatures (300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750 and 800 °C) and heating rate (5, 10, 20 and 50 °C/min) was studied. Sugar cane bagasse was pyrolyzed in a stainless steel tubular reactor. The aim of this work was to experimentally investigate how the temperature and heating rate affects liquid and char product yields via pyrolysis and to determine optimal condition to have a better yield of these products. Liquid product (bio-oil) obtained under the most suitable conditions were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, C-NMR and HNMR. In addition, column chromatography was employed to determine the aliphatic fraction (Hexane Eluate); gas chromatography and FT-IR were achieved on aliphatic fractions. For char product (bio-char), the elemental chemical composition and yield of the char were determined. The results of our work showed that the amount of liquid product (bio-oil) from pyrolysis of sugar cane bagasse increases with increasing the final temperature and decreases with increasing the heating rate. The highest yield of liquid product is obtained from the samples at 550 °C and at the heating rate of 5°C/min, the maximal average yield achieved almost 32.80 wt%. The yield of char generally decreases with increasing the temperature, the char yield passes from 39.7 wt% to 21 wt% at the heating rate of 5°C/min and from 32 wt% to 17.2 wt% at the heating rate of 50 °C/min at the same range of temperature (300–800 °C). The analysis of bio-oil showed the presence of an aliphatic character and that it is possible to obtain liquid products similar to petroleum from sugar cane bagasse waste. The solid products (bio-char) obtained in the presence of nitrogen (N2) contain a very important percentage of carbon and high higher heating values (HHV)
A review on thermochemical treatment of biomass: Pyrolysis of olive mill wastes in comparison with other types of biomass
Each year, a great quantity of olive oil is produced by the unit mill of trituration. This activity generates two by-products named olive mill wastewater and olive mill solid waste representing major potential waste and environmental problem. However, there is growing interest in pyrolysis as a technology to treat wastes to produce valuable oil, char and gas products. The major important aim of waste pyrolysis is to produce liquid fuel or bio-oil, which is easy to store, transport and can be an alternative to energy source. The key influence on the product yield is the type of biomass feedstock and operating parameters (especially temperature and heating rate). It is important to investigate the effect of variables on response yield and impulse about their optimization. This study reviews operating variable from existing literature on olive mill wastes (OMSW and OMWW) in comparison with various types of biomass. The major operating variables include type of feedstock, final temperature of pyrolysis, heating rate and particle size. The scale of this paper is to analyse the influence of operating parameters on production of pyrolysis bio-oil, char and gaseous products
A review on thermochemical treatment of biomass: Pyrolysis of olive mill wastes in comparison with other types of biomass
Optimized Perturbation Theory for Wave Functions of Quantum Systems
The notion of the optimized perturbation, which has been successfully applied
to energy eigenvalues, is generalized to treat wave functions of quantum
systems. The key ingredient is to construct an envelope of a set of
perturbative wave functions. This leads to a condition similar to that obtained
from the principle of minimal sensitivity. Applications of the method to
quantum anharmonic oscillator and the double well potential show that uniformly
valid wave functions with correct asymptotic behavior are obtained in the
first-order optimized perturbation even for strong couplings.Comment: 11 pages, RevTeX, three ps figure
Universal amplitude ratios from numerical studies of the three-dimensional O(2) model
We investigate the three-dimensional O(2) model near the critical point by
Monte Carlo simulations and calculate the major universal amplitude ratios of
the model. The ratio U_0=A+/A- is determined directly from the specific heat
data at zero magnetic field. The data do not, however, allow to extract an
accurate estimate for alpha. Instead, we establish a strong correlation of U_0
with the value of alpha used in the fit. This numerical alpha-dependence is
given by A+/A- = 1 -4.20(5) alpha + O(alpha^2). For the special alpha-values
used in other calculations we find full agreement with the corresponding ratio
values, e. g. that of the shuttle experiment with liquid helium. On the
critical isochore we obtain the ratio xi+/xi-_T=0.293(9), and on the critical
line the ratio xi_T^c/xi_L^c=1.957(10) for the amplitudes of the transverse and
longitudinal correlation lengths. These two ratios are independent of the used
alpha or nu-values.Comment: 34 pages, 19 Ps-figures, Latex2e, revised version, to be published in
J. Phys.
Crossover scaling from classical to nonclassical critical behavior
We study the crossover between classical and nonclassical critical behaviors.
The critical crossover limit is driven by the Ginzburg number G. The
corresponding scaling functions are universal with respect to any possible
microscopic mechanism which can vary G, such as changing the range or the
strength of the interactions. The critical crossover describes the unique flow
from the unstable Gaussian to the stable nonclassical fixed point. The scaling
functions are related to the continuum renormalization-group functions. We show
these features explicitly in the large-N limit of the O(N) phi^4 model. We also
show that the effective susceptibility exponent is nonmonotonic in the
low-temperature phase of the three-dimensional Ising model.Comment: 5 pages, final version to appear in Phys. Rev.
Application of Minimal Subtraction Renormalization to Crossover Behavior near the He Liquid-Vapor Critical Point
Parametric expressions are used to calculate the isothermal susceptibility,
specific heat, order parameter, and correlation length along the critical
isochore and coexistence curve from the asymptotic region to crossover region.
These expressions are based on the minimal-subtraction renormalization scheme
within the model. Using two adjustable parameters in these
expressions, we fit the theory globally to recently obtained experimental
measurements of isothermal susceptibility and specific heat along the critical
isochore and coexistence curve, and early measurements of coexistence curve and
light scattering intensity along the critical isochore of He near its
liquid-vapor critical point. The theory provides good agreement with these
experimental measurements within the reduced temperature range
Scaling behavior of self-avoiding walks on percolation clusters
The scaling behavior of self-avoiding walks (SAWs) on the backbone of
percolation clusters in two, three and four dimensions is studied by Monte
Carlo simulations. We apply the pruned-enriched Rosenbluth chain-growth method
(PERM). Our numerical results bring about the estimates of critical exponents,
governing the scaling laws of disorder averages of the end-to-end distance of
SAW configurations. The effects of finite-size scaling are discussed as well.Comment: 6 page
Compactness and existence results in weighted Sobolev spaces of radial functions. Part II: Existence
We prove existence and multiplicity results for finite energy solutions to
the nonlinear elliptic equation where is a radial domain (bounded or
unbounded) and satisfies on if and as
if is unbounded. The potential may be vanishing or unbounded at
zero or at infinity and the nonlinearity may be superlinear or sublinear.
If is sublinear, the case with is also considered.Comment: 29 pages, 8 figure
Field-theory results for three-dimensional transitions with complex symmetries
We discuss several examples of three-dimensional critical phenomena that can
be described by Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson theories. We present an
overview of field-theoretical results obtained from the analysis of high-order
perturbative series in the frameworks of the and of the
fixed-dimension d=3 expansions. In particular, we discuss the stability of the
O(N)-symmetric fixed point in a generic N-component theory, the critical
behaviors of randomly dilute Ising-like systems and frustrated spin systems
with noncollinear order, the multicritical behavior arising from the
competition of two distinct types of ordering with symmetry O() and
O() respectively.Comment: 9 pages, Talk at the Conference TH2002, Paris, July 200
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