BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS ON ROUNDHOUSE KICK IN TAEKWONDO

Taking a part of athletes of Taekwondo in Wuhan Institute of Physical Education as subjects, this study employed "Fighting Event-related Group Training Testing Machine" to get important athletes' data of roundhouse kick. In point of biomechanical view, it's easy to draw a conclusion that kick force (F) and kick velocity (V) were different about the front and back roundhouse kick when the suspended targets were at the angles of 90° and 110°. Therefore the purpose of this article was to draw its biomechanical characteristics and provide theoretic basis for teaching and training of Taekuondo

Laminoplasty versus laminectomy for multi-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a systematic review of the literature

BACKGROUND: There is considerable controversy as to which posterior technique is best for the treatment of multi-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic results and complications of laminoplasty (LAMP) and laminectomy (LAMT) in the treatment of multi-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy. METHODS: We reviewed and analyzed papers published from January 1966 and June 2013 regarding the comparison of LAMP and LAMT for multi-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Statistical comparisons were made when appropriate. RESULTS: Fifteen studies were included in this systematic review. There was no significant difference in the incidence of surgical complications between LAMP and LAMT. Compared to conventional LAMT and skip LAMT, postoperative ROM was more limited in LAMP, but this was still superior to postoperative ROM following LAMT with fusion. Postoperative kyphosis occurred in 8/180 (4.44%) in LAMP and 13/205 (6.34%) in LAMT, whereas no cases of kyphosis were reported for skip LAMT. Skip LAMT appears to have better clinical outcomes than LAMP, while the outcome was similar between LAMP and LAMT with fusion. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, a claim of superiority for laminoplasty or laminectomy was not justified. In deciding between the two procedures, the risks of surgical and neurological complications, and radiologic and clinical outcome, must be taken into consideration if both options are available in multi-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy

Editorial: Seeing convergent margin processes through metamorphism

Plate convergence can induce large-scale metamorphism and magmatism, reshape large parts of continental margins, and subsequently change regional climate and biodiversity. Metamorphic rocks in orogenic belts commonly record different metamorphic evolutions and temporal-spatial distributions at the regional scale, which are strongly influenced by convergent processes through time. In some cases, ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) and ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) metamorphic rocks are observed at both ancient and young convergent plate margins, marking the operation of extreme tectonism in the regime of plate tectonics. This Research Topic aims to understand how regional metamorphism operated at convergent plate margins through the study of field and petrographic observations, geochemical and petrological analysis, high-pressure experiments, and thermodynamic modeling. The scope is to gather new ideas and interpretations on the structure and processes of convergent plate margins

Long-lived melting of ancient lower crust of the North China Craton in response to paleo-Pacific plate subduction, recorded by adakitic rhyolite

Magmatism in eastern China in response to paleo-Pacific plate subduction during the Mesozoic was complex, and it is unclear how and when exactly the magmas formed via thinning and partial destruction of the continental lithosphere. To better understand this magmatism, we report the results of a geochronological and geochemical study of Early Cretaceous adakitic rhyolite (erupted at 125.4 ± 2.2 Ma) in the Xintaimen area within the eastern North China Craton (NCC). In situ zircon U-Pb dating shows that this adakitic rhyolite records a long (~ 70 Myrs) and complicated period of magmatism with concordant 206Pb/238U ages from 193 Ma to 117 Ma. The enriched bulk rock Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of the Xintaimen adakitic rhyolite, as well as the enriched zircon Hf and O isotopic compositions, indicate that the magmas parental to the adakitic rhyolite were derived from partial melting of the Paleoproterozoic mafic lower crust, heated by mafic melts derived from the mantle during the paleo-Pacific plate subduction. A minor older basement component is indicated by the presence of captured Neoarchean to Early Paleoproterozoic zircons. The Mesozoic zircons have restricted Hf and O isotopic compositions irrespective of their ages, suggesting that they formed from similar sources at similar melting conditions. The Xintaimen adakitic rhyolite offers an independent line of evidence that the ancient lower crust of eastern China underwent a long period (~ 70 Myrs) of destruction, melting or remelting, from ~ 193 to ~ 120 Ma, related to the subduction of the paleo-Pacific plate beneath eastern China

The Snowflake Hypothesis: Training Deep GNN with One Node One Receptive field

Despite Graph Neural Networks demonstrating considerable promise in graph representation learning tasks, GNNs predominantly face significant issues with over-fitting and over-smoothing as they go deeper as models of computer vision realm. In this work, we conduct a systematic study of deeper GNN research trajectories. Our findings indicate that the current success of deep GNNs primarily stems from (I) the adoption of innovations from CNNs, such as residual/skip connections, or (II) the tailor-made aggregation algorithms like DropEdge. However, these algorithms often lack intrinsic interpretability and indiscriminately treat all nodes within a given layer in a similar manner, thereby failing to capture the nuanced differences among various nodes. To this end, we introduce the Snowflake Hypothesis -- a novel paradigm underpinning the concept of ``one node, one receptive field''. The hypothesis draws inspiration from the unique and individualistic patterns of each snowflake, proposing a corresponding uniqueness in the receptive fields of nodes in the GNNs. We employ the simplest gradient and node-level cosine distance as guiding principles to regulate the aggregation depth for each node, and conduct comprehensive experiments including: (1) different training schemes; (2) various shallow and deep GNN backbones, and (3) various numbers of layers (8, 16, 32, 64) on multiple benchmarks (six graphs including dense graphs with millions of nodes); (4) compare with different aggregation strategies. The observational results demonstrate that our hypothesis can serve as a universal operator for a range of tasks, and it displays tremendous potential on deep GNNs. It can be applied to various GNN frameworks, enhancing its effectiveness when operating in-depth, and guiding the selection of the optimal network depth in an explainable and generalizable way

Minimally invasive surgery vs. open thoracotomy for non-small-cell lung cancer with N2 disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundThis meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of minimally invasive surgery [MIS, including robotic-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS) and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS)] and open thoracotomy (OT) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with N2 disease.MethodsWe searched online databases and studies from the creation of the database to August 2022, comparing the MIS group to the OT group for NSCLC with N2 disease. Study endpoints included intraoperative outcomes [e.g., conversion, estimated blood loss (EBL), surgery time (ST), total lymph nodes (TLN), and R0 resection], postoperative outcomes [e.g., length of stay (LOS) and complication], and survival outcomes [e.g., 30-day mortality, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS)]. We estimated outcomes using random effects meta-analysis to account for studies with high heterogeneity (I2 > 50 or p < 0.05). Otherwise, we used a fixed-effect model. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) for binary outcomes and standard mean differences (SMDs) for continuous outcomes. Treatment effects on OS and DFS were described by hazard ratio (HR).ResultsThis systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 studies on MIS vs. OT for NSCLC with N2 disease included 8,374 patients. Compared to OT, patients that underwent MIS had less estimated blood loss (EBL) (SMD = – 64.82, p < 0.01), shorter length of stay (LOS) (SMD = −0.15, p < 0.01), higher R0 resection rate (OR = 1.22, p = 0.049), lower 30-day mortality (OR = 0.67, p = 0.03), and longer overall survival (OS) (HR = 0.61, P < 0.01). The results showed no statistically significant differences in surgical time (ST), total lymph nodes (TLN), complications, and disease-free survival (DFS) between the two groups.ConclusionCurrent data suggest that minimally invasive surgery may provide satisfying outcomes, a higher R0 resection rate, and better short-term and long-term survival than open thoracotomy.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier: CRD42022355712

The importance of NOx control for peak ozone mitigation based on a sensitivity study using CMAQ‐HDDM‐3D model during a typical episode over the Yangtze River delta region, China.

In recent years, ground-level ozone (O3) has been one of the main pollutants hindering air quality compliance in China's large city-clusters including the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region. In this work, we utilized the process analysis (PA) and the higher-order decoupled direct method (HDDM-3D) tools embedded in the Community Multiscale Air Quality model (CMAQ) to characterize O3 formation and sensitivities to precursors during a typical O3 pollution episode over the YRD region in July 2018. Results indicate that gas-phase chemistry contributed dominantly to the ground-level O3 although a significant proportion was chemically produced at the middle and upper boundary layer before reaching the surface via diffusion process. Further analysis of the chemical pathways of O3 and Ox formation provided deep insights into the sensitivities of O3 to its precursors that were consistent with the HDDM results. The first-order sensitivities of O3 to anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (AVOC) were mainly positive but small, and temporal variations were negligible compared with those to NOx. During the peak O3 time in the afternoon, the first- and second-order sensitivities of O3 to NOx were significantly positive and negative, respectively, suggesting a convex response of O3 to NOx over most areas including Shanghai, Hangzhou, Nanjing and Hefei. These findings further highlighted an accelerated decrease in ground-level O3 in the afternoon corresponding to continuous decrease of NOx emissions in the afternoon. Therefore, over the YRD region including its metropolises, NOx emission reductions will be more important in reducing the afternoon peak O3 concentration compared with the effect of VOC emission control alone

Urease Breath Test and Stool Antigen Test Diagnose Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Patients with Bleeding Peptic Ulcer：a Meta-analysis

BackgroundIn patients with peptic ulcer bleeding (PUB) , intragastric blood and unavoidable medicine, including acid suppressive agent are suspected as limitary factors to diagnose Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection correctly. The research conclusions about the accuracy of urease breath test (UBT) and stool antigen test (SAT) in patients with PUB are inconsistent.ObjectiveTo clarify the accuracy of UBT and SAT for H.pylori infection in PUB patients.MethodsPubMed, EMBase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) were retrieved by computer for relevant articles related to the diagnosis of H.pylori infection by UBT and/or SAT published from the establishment of the database to March 31, 2021. The QUADAS-2 tool was used to evaluate the quality of the extracted literature. The bivariate mixed-effects regression model and network meta-analysis model (NMA) were used to synthesize diagnostic test data. Meta-regression and subgroup analysis were performed to explore the sources of heterogeneity.ResultsA total of 18 articles were included, with a total of 25 studies and 1 105 patients. Meta-analysis results showed that the combined sensitivity of UBT and SAT for diagnosing H.pylori infection in PUB patients were 0.90〔95%CI (0.79, 0.95) 〕 and 0.89〔95%CI (0.81, 0.94) 〕, the combined specificity were 0.91〔95%CI (0.86, 0.95) 〕 and 0.75〔95%CI (0.59, 0.87) 〕, the combined diagnostic odds ratio were 88.89〔95%CI (31.01, 254.82) 〕 and 24.35〔95%CI (13.76, 43.09) 〕, the combined positive likelihood ratio were 10.07〔95%CI (6.07, 16.71) 〕 and 3.60〔95%CI (2.11, 6.12) 〕, the combined negative likelihood ratio were 0.11〔95%CI (0.05, 0.24) 〕 and 0.15〔95%CI (0.09, 0.24) 〕, the area under the SROC curve were 0.93〔95%CI (0.90, 0.95) 〕 and 0.91〔95%CI (0.88, 0.93) 〕. Meta regression showed that the sampling time had an impact on the sensitivity heterogeneity of UBT and SAT, and the sampling time and the H.pylori infection criterion had an impact on the combined specificity heterogeneity of UBT. The Deek funnel chart indicated that there was no potential publication bias among the included researches (PUBT=0.53, PSAT=0.64) .ConclusionIn patients with PUB, UBT had a promising performance for the diagnosis of H.pylori infection. Because of the high number of false-positive results, SAT was not recommended for use in patients with PUB alone. At the same time, in order to avoid the impact of PPI on the detection results, it was recommended to perform the diagnostic tests as soon as possible under the condition of stable hemodynamics