Influence of fruiting twig type to fruit and leaf traits in 'Oblacinska' sour cherry clones

The 'Oblacinska' sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) is an autochthonous and heterogeneous cultivar showing high variability in traits related to the composition of fruiting twigs. The differences observed between fruits and leaves not only among different clones but between different fruiting branches show that there is variability for some physical parameters among the fruits and leaves of the same tree which later affects productivity level. So, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of the type of the fruiting branch (spurs and shoots) on fruit and leaf traits. Plant material used in this trial comprised of 13 'Oblacinska' sour cherry genotypes. The experiment was carried out in a four-year period. All studied traits were highly genotype and year dependent. The effect of the fruiting branch was found to be highly significant for stone weight and leaf size and leaf area, but not for fruit and chemical traits. Correlation analysis showed that studied traits are not correlated in the same way comparing spurs and shoot. The highest mismatch in the coefficient of correlation was found between chemical properties

Phenolic profile of pollen collected from different 'Oblačinska' sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) clones

The presence of pollinators in orchards is crucial to obtain high fruit set and yields of fruits. Despite the fact that sour cherry cultivars are mainly autogamous, insect visits are still of great importance for their propagation. In order to attract and reward pollinators, flowers have to provide adequate nourishment to them. Besides nectar, bees gather pollen, which are a prerequisite for normal colony growth and development of their broods. 'Oblačinska' sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.), an autochthonous cultivar, is the most highly planted cultivar in Serbian commercial orchards. Since the cultivar is actually a mixture of different clones, variability in numerous traits and, particularly, its yields has been reported. Since phenolic compounds are considered to be fundamental pollen chemicals, the aim of this study was to determine the phenolic compounds profile in pollen collected from 15 'Oblačinska' sour cherry clones with varying productivity levels. Solid phase extraction (SPE), combined with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector and a triple quadruple mass spectrometer (UHPLC DAD-MS/MS), was used to analyse the polyphenolic profile of pollen. Among 23 components quantified, rutin was the most abundant phenolic compound. It ranged from 98.49 (clone V/P) to 358.83 mg kg-1 (clone III/9) and was observed to contribute, on average, 56% of the total phenolic compounds in pollen as quantified in different 'Oblačinska' sour cherry clones. In addition to this compound, clones contained significant amounts of chlorogenic acid (12.92%), astragalin (8.19%), and hyperoside (5.59%) as well. Cluster analysis grouped pollen clones in four different clusters, which showed that clones III/9, IV/8, and V/P had unique phenolic profiles. Despite the significant differences among the studied clones, the contents of chlorogenic acid, rutin, naringin, hyperoside, astralgin, and phlorizin were distinguishable between the clusters

The tree growth effect on fertility and fruit quality traits in 'Oblacinska' sour cherry genotypes

The goal of this study was to examine the variability and correlation between vigor, yield and fruit quality components in 'Oblacinska' sour cherry. Plant material used in this trial comprised of 41 genotypes, while the experiment was done in three consecutive years. An important diversity has been found in the set of evaluated genotypes and significant differences were found among them in most traits studied. Observed differences between years of study for almost all examined traits, indicate a high influence of environmental conditions on these parameters. Also, significant positive or negative correlation were found between some properties. Principal component analysis (PCA) analysis suggested that leaf dimension, fruit weight, yield efficiency, vigor and fruit set could be sufficient for determination of genotypes. Cluster analysis (CA) grouped genotypes in two main clusters, with numerous sub-clusters. Genotypes with low tree growth and high yield potential were proved to be interesting for following breeding programs and cultivation

Polyphenolic profile of the fruits grown in Serbia

Polyphenolic compounds are known bioactive phytochemicals widely found in all plants as secondary metabolites. Many scientific papers have shown that they are very good markers for the assessment of botanical and geographical origin of several types of food. Thanks to favorable geographical and climatic conditions, Serbia has a very good prerequisite for the cultivation of various fruits. Well-favored soil characteristics, sunlight, and moisture significantly contribute to the accumulation of a lot of phytochemicals in ripe fruit, so the taste is fuller and aromatic, making the consumption of fruit in fresh forms most effective. Among others, Serbia has a long tradition in the production of grapes, plums, apples, pears, and various berries. Fruits growing in Serbia are very important products for both local and world markets. This paper gives an overview of methods most frequently used for extraction and identification of fruit polyphenolics. It includes a review of the literature describing the characterization of the polyphenolic profile of different fruits grown in Serbia. In addition, for certain types of fruits, the chemical analysis of the leaves of studied fruits was provided. © 2018 American Chemical Society

Sugar and Polyphenolic Diversity in Floral Nectar of Cherry

Cherries (Prunus avium L. and Prunus cerasus L.) are economically important fruit species in the temperate region. Both are entomophilous fruit species, thus need pollinators to give high yields. Since cherry’s flower is easy-to-reach, bees and other pollinators can smoothly collect nectar as a reward for doing transfer of pollen to receptive stigma. Nectar in cherry is usually attractive for insects, especially to honey bee (Apis mellifera) who is the most common pollinator. Nectar is predominantly an aqueous solution of sugars, proteins, and free amino acids among which sugars are the most dominant. Trace amounts of lipids, organic acids, iridoid glycosides, minerals, vitamins, alkaloids, plant hormones, non-protein amino, terpenoids, glucosinolates, and cardenolides can be found in nectar too. Cherry flower may secrete nectar for 2–4 days and, depending on the cultivar, produces up to 10 mg nectar with sugar concentration from 28% to 55%. Detailed chemical analysis of cherry nectar described in this chapter is focused on sugar and phenolic profile in sour cherry. The most abounded sugars in cherry nectar was fructose, glucose, and sucrose, while arabinose, rhamnose, maltose, isomaltose, trehalose, gentiobiose, turanose, panose, melezitose, maltotriose, isomaltotriose, as well as the sugar alcohols glycerol, erythritol, arabitol, galactitol, and mannitol are present as minor constituents. Regarding polyphenolics, rutin was the most abundant phenolic compound followed by naringenin and chrysin. Cherry cultivars showed different chemical composition of nectar which implies that its content is cultivar dependent