Diskitis in children: study of eight cases

The authors report the study of eight children with diskitis diagnosed through clinical, neurogical and orthopedic evaluation. The evidence of self limiting inflammation or infection of the intervertebral disk space and of soft tissue were avaliable by image studies. Findings with routine roentgenograms, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are discussed.Os autores apresentam o estudo de oito crianças com diagnóstico de discite estabelecido através da avaliação clínica, neurológica e ortopédica. A comprovação de alterações inflamatórias em um espaço discal, vertebral e em tecidos moles foi possível em estudos por imagem, sendo discutidos aqueles obtidos por radiologia convencional, tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética.53553

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/'proxy' AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele

Development Of Na-cn-κ-carrageenan Microbeads For The Encapsulation Of Lipophilic Compounds

The ionotropic gelation of double-layered emulsions composed of sodium caseinate and κ-carrageenan at pH values of 7 and 3. 5 was evaluated, in order to obtain potential encapsulation matrices for hydrophobic compounds. The influence of some of the extrusion process variables (nozzle diameter at fluid exit and collecting distance) on the microbead production was studied, as well as the stability of the microbeads. The fluid nozzle diameter showed little influence on the shape of the microbeads, with a slight tendency for a decrease in microbead diameter with increase in fluid nozzle diameter. On the other hand, the collecting distance strongly influenced the microbead shape and they became more spherical (aspect ratio was reduced from ~2. 0 to ~1. 4) as the collecting distance was increased from 10 cm to 50 cm. The emulsion pH did not affect the aspect ratio of the microbeads, but the diameter was greater for microbeads produced at pH 3. 5. This difference was attributed to the kind of interactions occurring between the κ-carrageenan and sodium caseinate at these distinct pH values. The microbeads were highly unstable when dispersed in deionized water, sugar solutions and low salt concentrations, releasing the encapsulated oil. However, no release of oil from the microbeads was observed when they were dispersed in ethanol or potassium chloride solutions with concentrations above 0. 75 %, although their shape was modified when dispersed in ethanol. In general, the results obtained demonstrated the viability of the extrusion process to produce biopolymer-based microbeads and the potential application of these systems. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.73264275Chandy, T., Mooradian, D.L., Rao, G.H.R., (1998) J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 70, p. 2143Azarnia, S., Lee, B.H., Robert, N., Champagne, C.P., (2008) J. Microencapsul., 25, p. 46Vandenberg, G.W., Drolet, C., Scott, S.L., de la Noüe, J., (2001) J. Control. Release, 77, p. 297Albertini, B., Vitali, B., Passerini, N., Cruciani, F., Di Sabatino, M., Rodriguez, L., Brigidi, P., (2010) Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 40, p. 359Corbo, M.R., Bevilacqua, A., Sinigaglia, M., (2011) Int. J. Food Sci. Technol., 46, p. 2212Kaihara, S., Suzuki, Y., Fujimoto, K., (2011) Colloid Surf. B-Biointerfaces, 85, p. 343Karewicz, A., Łegowik, J., Nowakowska, M., (2011) Polym. Bull., 66, p. 433Matalanis, A., Jones, O.G., McClements, D.J., (2011) Food Hydrocolloids, 25, p. 1865Colinet, I., Dulong, V., Mocanu, G., Picton, L., Le Cerf, D., (2010) Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 47, p. 120Chan, E.-S., (2011) Carbohydr. Polym., 84, p. 1267Burey, P., Bhandari, B.R., Howes, T., Gidley, M.J., (2008) Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 48, p. 361Hunik, J.H., Tramper, J., (1993) Biotechnol. Progr., 9, p. 186Blandino, A., Macías, M., Cantero, D., (1999) J. Biosci. Bioeng., 88, p. 686Jafari, S.M., Assadpoor, E., He, Y., Bhandari, B., (2008) Food Hydrocolloids, 22, p. 1191Soottitantawat, A., Yoshii, H., Furuta, T., Ohkawara, M., Linko, P., (2003) J. Food Sci., 68, p. 2256Perrechil, F.A., Sato, A.C.K., Cunha, R.L., (2011) J. Food Eng., 104, p. 123Chan, E.-S., Lee, B.-B., Ravindra, P., Poncelet, D., (2009) J. Colloid Interface Sci., 338, p. 63Varga, C.M., Lasheras, J.C., Hopfinger, E.J., (2003) J. Fluid Mech., 497, p. 405Heilig, A., Göggerle, A., Hinrichs, J., (2009) LWT- Food Sci. Technol., 42, p. 646Núñez-Santiago, M.C., Tecante, A., Garnier, C., Doublier, J.L., (2011) Food Hydrocolloids, 25, p. 32Aliseda, A., Hopfinger, E.J., Lasheras, J.C., Kremer, D.M., Berchielli, A., Connolly, E.K., (2008) Int. J. Multiph. Flow, 34, p. 161Ellis, A., Keppeler, S., Jacquier, J.C., (2009) Carbohydr. Polym., 78, p. 384Raghavan, S.R., Walls, H.J., Khan, S.A., (2000) Langmuir, 16, p. 7920Ribeiro, K.O., Rodrigues, M.I., Sabadini, E., Cunha, R.L., (2004) Food Hydrocolloids, 18, p. 7