Pendugaan Model Permintaan Ubi Kayu di Indonesia

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is important commodity of Indonesia not only as forth producer after Nigeria, Thailand, and Brazil but also as source of carbohydrate. This research will use time series data among 1999-2009. The increasing of cassava production along 1971-2009 reaching 22,03 million tons. And also the projection until 2010 increase until 25,54 million tons. By this increasing, it is expected can open fissure of production and marketing in Indonesia better than before. Simultaneously test of variable contained the coming of cassava stock, another demand, cassava export, cassava consumption, and the demand of cassava last year has significant effect toward cassava demand

Additional file 5: Figure S4. of Genome sequence of the ectophytic fungus Ramichloridium luteum reveals unique evolutionary adaptations to plant surface niche

Comparative growth profiling of R. luteum on two carbon substrates. (a) On water-agar medium; (b) On water-agar medium containing apple pectin as a sole carbon source; (c) On water-agar medium containing glucose as a sole carbon source. (TIFF 5055 kb

Photocatalytic Properties of g‑C₆N₆/g‑C₃N₄ Heterostructure: A Theoretical Study

As a promising photocatalytic material in water splitting and organic degradation, the polymeric graphitic g-C₃N₄ has attracted intensive research interest during the past decade due to the visible light response, nontoxicity, abundance, easy preparation, as well as high thermal and chemical stability. However, the low efficiency owing to the fast charge recombination limits its practical applications. In the present work, we systematically investigated the electronic structure and photocatalytic properties of layered g-C₆N₆/g-C₃N₄ heterostructure on the basis of first-principles calculations. The results show that the type-II heterojunction can be established between g-C₆N₆ and g-C₃N₄ monolayers due to a perfect lattice match and aligned band edges, facilitating the separation of photogenerated carriers. In addition, it is worthwhile to note that hole effective masses of g-C₆N₆/g-C₃N₄ heterostructure can be significantly reduced compared to pristine g-C₃N₄ due to orbital hybridization between the two monolayers, which is extremely favorable for the migration of photogenerated holes. The g-C₆N₆/g-C₃N₄ heterostructure has a reduced band gap compared to that of pristine g-C₃N₄, which can further be tuned by biaxial strain. This work not only provides new insights into the physical and chemical properties of the g-C₃N₄-based heterostructures, but also suggests viable ways to prepare highly efficient photocatalytic materials

ZIKV reference phylogeny tree and genotypes.

<p>Three distinct genotype lineages—Asian, East African and West African—are apparent in the ZIKV phylogeny tree. FastME was used to produce a phylogenetic tree with complete genome nucleotide sequences of a selected set of reference strains. Trees with virtually identical branching structures were produced using RaxML and PhyML (not shown).</p

ZIKV polyprotein processing to produce mature peptides.

<p>The polyprotein of Zika virus is post-translationally processed by viral and host proteases into functional mature peptides: the capsid protein (C), intracellular capsid protein (Ci), signal peptide of the premembrane protein (pr), membrane protein (M), envelope protein (E), nonstructural proteins (NS1 –NS5), including the proteolytic helicase (NS3) and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (NS5), and the 2k protein (2k), whose removal activates the virus particle during its final assembly. The numbers above the mature peptides correspond to the first amino acid of each mature peptide in the full-length polyprotein for genome NC_012532.</p

<i>Botryosphaeria dothidea</i> strains examined in this study and distribution of introns within them.

<p><i>Botryosphaeria dothidea</i> strains examined in this study and distribution of introns within them.</p

Distribution of the different introns across hosts and populations.

<p>Four different colours represent four populations divided by presence or absence and types of introns. Hosts for each population are listed in the corresponding colours. Ratios of the four populations are marked at the relevant position of the pie chart.</p

Putative secondary structures of group IC1 introns of <i>B. dothidea</i>.

<p>A. Secondary structure of Bdo.S943. B. Secondary structure of Bdo.S1506. Putative Watson-Crick and wobble base pairs are shown by lines and hollow circles, respectively. Capital and small letters represent intron and exon nucleotides, respectively. The boldface letters indicate four conserved core sequence elements P, Q, R and S. Arrows point to the 5′ and 3′ splice sites. The guanosine cofactor binding-sites are marked with *.</p

Primary structure of the SSU rDNA in <i>Botryosphaeria dothidea</i>.

<p>The entire SSU rDNA is shown by the blue rectangle. The triangles in red, green, purple and yellow respectively indicate four different introns. The position and length of each intron are given separately above and below the triangles. The insertion sites correspond to the 16S rRNA of <i>E. coli</i> J01859. Primers are presented by black arrows.</p