Physical exercise interventions for perinatal depression symptoms in women: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundThe previous meta-analysis indicated that physical exercise could play a crucially therapeutic role in reducing perinatal depression symptoms in women. However, the efficacy varies across different exercise types, forms, intensities, and duration.AimThe purpose of this study was to review and evaluate the effects of different types, forms, intensities, and duration of exercise for improving perinatal depressive symptoms.DesignA systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsRandomized controlled trials until December 2021 were searched from seven databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO. The risk of bias in eligible trials was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. When high heterogeneity was tested, we used random-effects models. A funnel plot was used to assess the publication bias. This review was performed under the PRISMA guidelines, Consensus on Exercise Reporting (CERT) checklist and Cochrane Handbook. The certainty of the body of evidence was assessed using the GRADE method.ResultsOf 1,573 records, 20 trials were identified in this study. The results of this review revealed that women with perinatal depression symptoms gained benefits from physical exercise [OR = 0.62, 95% CI (0.45, 0.86), P = 0.004; MD = −0.57, 95% CI (−0.83, −0.30), P < 0.0001]. Type of walking [SMD = −1.06, 95% CI (−1.92, −0.19), P < 0.00001], form of “Individual + group-based”exercise [SMD = −0.91, 95% CI (−0.80, −0.03), P = 0.04], intensity of ≥150 min per week [SMD = −0.84, 95% CI (−1.53, −0.15), P = 0.02], and ≥12 weeks duration [SMD = −0.53, 95% CI (−0.75, −0.31), P < 0.00001] seemed to generate more prominent improvement on perinatal depression symptoms.ConclusionPhysical exercise showed a significant effect on reducing perinatal depressive symptoms. This meta-analysis provides an important update on exercise’s efficacy in treating perinatal depression. Further higher quality and large-scale trials are needed to substantiate our findings.Systematic review registration[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/], identifier [CRD42022296230]

Genetic Differentiation and Delimitation between Ecologically Diverged Populus euphratica and P. pruinosa

The fixed genetic differences between ecologically divergent species were found to change greatly depending on the markers examined. With such species it is difficult to differentiate between shared ancestral polymorphisms and past introgressions between the diverging species. In order to disentangle these possibilities and provide a further case for DNA barcoding of plants, we examine genetic differentiation between two ecologically divergent poplar species, Populus euphratica Oliver and P. pruinosa Schrenk using three different types of genetic marker.We genotyped 290 individuals from 29 allopatric and sympatric populations, using chloroplast (cp) DNA, nuclear (nr) ITS sequences and eight simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci. Three major cpDNA haplotypes were widely shared between the two species and between-species cpDNA differentiation (F(CT)) was very low, even lower than among single species populations. The average SSR F(CT) values were higher. Bayesian clustering analysis of all loci allowed a clear delineation of the two species. Gene flow, determined by examining all SSR loci, was obvious but only slightly asymmetrical. However, the two species were almost fixed for two different nrITS genotypes that had the highest F(CT), although a few introgressed individuals were detected both in allopatric and sympatric populations.The two species shared numerous ancestral polymorphisms at cpDNA and a few SSR loci. Both ITS and a combination of nuclear SSR data could be used to differentiate between the two species. Introgressions and gene flow were obvious between the two species either during or after their divergence. Our findings underscore the complex genetic differentiations between ecologically diverged species and highlight the importance of nuclear DNA (especially ITS) differentiation for delimiting closely related plant species

Evolutionary origin of a tetraploid allium species in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Extinct taxa may be detectable if they were ancestors to extant hybrid species, which retain their genetic signature. In this study, we combined phylogenomics, population genetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization (GISH and FISH) analyses to trace the origin of the alpine tetraploid Allium tetraploideum (2n = 4x = 32), one of the five known members in the subgenus Cyathophora. We found that A. tetraploideum was an obvious allotetrapoploid derived from ancestors including at least two closely related diploid species, A. farreri and A. cyathophorum, from which it differs by multiple ecological and genomic attributes. However, these two species cannot account for the full genome of A. tetraploideum, indicating that at least one extinct diploid is also involved in its ancestry. Furthermore, A. tetraploideum appears to have arisen via homoploid hybrid speciation (HHS) from two extinct allotetraploid parents, which derived in turn from the aforementioned diploids. Other modes of origin were possible, but all were even more complex and involved additional extinct ancestors. Our study together highlights how some polyploid species might have very complex origins, involving both HHS and polyploid speciation and also extinct ancestors.</p

Transport, fate and impacts of the deep plume of petroleum hydrocarbons formed during the Macondo blowout

© The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Bracco, A., Paris, C. B., Esbaugh, A. J., Frasier, K., Joye, S. B., Liu, G., Polzin, K. L., & Vaz, A. C. Transport, fate and impacts of the deep plume of petroleum hydrocarbons formed during the Macondo blowout. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7, (2020): 542147, doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.542147.The 2010 Macondo oil well blowout consisted in a localized, intense infusion of petroleum hydrocarbons to the deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico. A substantial amount of these hydrocarbons did not reach the ocean surface but remained confined at depth within subsurface plumes, the largest and deepest of which was found at ∼ 1000–1200 m of depth, along the continental slope (the deep plume). This review outlines the challenges the science community overcame since 2010, the discoveries and the remaining open questions in interpreting and predicting the distribution, fate and impact of the Macondo oil entrained in the deep plume. In the past 10 years, the scientific community supported by the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GoMRI) and others, has achieved key milestones in observing, conceptualizing and understanding the physical oceanography of the Gulf of Mexico along its northern continental shelf and slope. Major progress has been made in modeling the transport, evolution and degradation of hydrocarbons. Here we review this new knowledge and modeling tools, how our understanding of the deep plume formation and evolution has evolved, and how research in the past decade may help preparing the scientific community in the event of a future spill in the Gulf or elsewhere. We also summarize briefly current knowledge of the plume fate – in terms of microbial degradation and geochemistry – and impacts on fish, deep corals and mammals. Finally, we discuss observational, theoretical, and modeling limitations that constrain our ability to predict the three-dimensional movement of waters in this basin and the fate and impacts of the hydrocarbons they may carry, and we discuss research priorities to overcome them.This review was made possible by funding from the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GoMRI) and is a product of the Core Area 1 Synthesis workshop. The authors have contributed research on the Gulf deep circulation and the deep plume through GoMRI-funded consortia (ECOGIG for AB, SJ and GL, C-IMAGE for CP, AV and KF, and RECOVER for AE) and one of the RFP-5 grant (KP). KP was partially supported also by NSF OCE-1536779

Novel Swine Influenza Virus Reassortants in Pigs, China

During swine influenza virus surveillance in pigs in China during 2006–2009, we isolated subtypes H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 and found novel reassortment between contemporary swine and avian panzootic viruses. These reassortment events raise concern about generation of novel viruses in pigs, which could have pandemic potential

Searching for ER and/or NR-like dark matter signals with the especially low background liquid helium TPCs

In the Dark Matter (DM) direct detection community, the absence of convincing signals has become a ``new normal'' for decades. Among other possibilities, the ``new normal'' might indicate that DM-matter interactions could generate not only the hypothetical NR (Nuclear Recoil) events but also the ER (Electron Recoil) ones, which have often been tagged as backgrounds historically. Further, we argue that ER and NR-like DM signals could co-exist in a DM detector's same dataset. So in total, there would be three scenarios we can search for DM signals: (i) ER excess only, (ii) NR excess only, and (iii) ER and NR excesses combined. To effectively identify any possible DM signal under the three scenarios, a DM detector should (a) have the minimum ER and NR backgrounds and (b) be capable of discriminating ER events from NR ones. Accordingly, we introduce the newly established project, ALETHEIA, which implements liquid helium-filled TPCs (Time Projection Chamber) in hunting for DM. Thanks to the nearly single-digit number of ER and NR backgrounds on 1 ton*yr exposure, presumably, the ALETHEIA detectors should be able to identify any form of DM-induced excess in its ROI (Research Of Interest). As far as we know, ALETHEIA is the first DM direct detection experiment claiming such an inclusive search; conventional detectors search DM mainly on the ``ER excess only'' and/or the ``NR excess only'' channel, not the ``ER and NR excesses combined'' channel. In addition, we introduce a preliminary scheme to one of the most challenging R\&D tasks, transmitting 500+ kV into a 4 K LHe detector

Conceptual design and progress of transmitting ∼\sim MV DC HV into 4 K LHe detectors

A dual-phase TPC (Time Projection Chamber) is more advanced in characterizing an event than a single-phase one because it can, in principle, reconstruct the 3D (X-Y-Z) image of the event, while a single-phase detector can only show a 2D (X-Y) picture. As a result, more enriched physics is expected for a dual-phase detector than a single-phase one. However, to build such a detector, DC HV (High Voltage) must be delivered into the chamber (to have a static electric field), which is a challenging task, especially for an LHe detector due to the extremely low temperature, $\sim$ 4 K, and the very high voltage, $\sim$ MV (Million Volts). This article introduces a convincing design for transmitting $\sim$ MV DC into a 4 K LHe detector. We also report the progress of manufacturing a 100 kV DC feedthrough capable of working at 4 K. Surprisingly, we realized that the technology we developed here might be a valuable reference to the scientists and engineers aiming to build residential bases on the Moon or Mars