Infinitely many homoclinic solutions for a class of damped vibration problems

In this paper, we consider the multiplicity of homoclinic solutions for the following damped vibration problems x¨(t) + Bx˙(t) − A(t)x(t) + Hx(t, x(t)) = 0, where A(t) ∈ (R, RN) is a symmetric matrix for all t ∈ R, B = [bij] is an antisymmetric N × N constant matrix, and H(t, x) ∈ C 1 (R × Bδ , R) is only locally defined near the origin in x for some δ > 0. With the nonlinearity H(t, x) being partially sub-quadratic at zero, we obtain infinitely many homoclinic solutions near the origin by using a Clark’s theorem

ISBORD: Internet Searching Based on Resource Description

Based on the Information-Centric Networking (ICN) concept and the mature model of the current TCP/IP-based Internet, we propose content searching based on universal and scalable resource description, namely ISBORD (Internet Searching based on Resource Description). This novel concept aims to improve the efficiency of content searching and simplifies the end-user functionality to support the evolution of the content-centric Internet

Periodic solutions of second order Hamiltonian systems with nonlinearity of general linear growth

In this paper we consider a class of second order Hamiltonian system with the nonlinearity of linear growth. Compared with the existing results, we do not assume an asymptotic of the nonlinearity at infinity to exist. Moreover, we allow the system to be resonant at zero. Under some general conditions, we will establish the existence and multiplicity of nontrivial periodic solutions by using the Morse theory and two critical point theorems

Distributed All-IP Mobility Management Architecture Supported by the NDN Overlay

Two of the most promising candidate solutions for realizing the next-generation all-IP mobile networks are Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6), which is the host-based and global mobility supporting protocol, and Proxy MIPv6 (PMIPv6), which is the network-based and localized mobility supporting protocol. However, the unprecedented growth of mobile Internet traffic has resulted in the development of distributed mobility management (DMM) architecture by the Internet engineering task force DMM working group. The extension of the basic MIPv6 and PMIPv6 to support their distributed and scalable deployment in the future is one of the major goals of the DMM working group. We propose an all-IP-based mobility management architecture that leverages the concept of Named Data Networking (NDN), which is a distributed content management and addressing architecture. In the proposed solution, mobility support services are distributed among multiple anchor points at the edge of the network, thereby enabling a flat architecture that exploits name-based routing in NDN. Our approach overcomes some of the major limitations of centralized IP mobility management solutions, by extending existing routing protocol and mobility management architecture, to distribute the mobility management function of anchor points in the IP network and optimize the transmission path of mobile traffic

A Distance-Heuristic Tree Building Approach in Application Layer Multicast

In the application layer multicast (ALM), clustering nearby nodes can effectively improve the multicast performance. However, it is difficult for the ALM solution to quickly and accurately position the newcomer, because group members have no direct knowledge of underlying network topology. Additionally, ALM delivery trees with different performances are built when group members join the group in different join sequences. To alleviate the above problems, this paper proposes a distance-heuristic tree building protocol (called DHTB). DHTB uses our proposed distance-constrained cluster model and close-member-first-receive (CF) rule. In the model, most nearby nodes are grouped into some distance-constrained clusters, with little cluster organization and maintenance overhead. The CF rule arranges or rearranges the locations of group members according to related distances, and effectively positions the newcomer with the help of on-demand landmarks. Both the distance-constrained cluster model and CF rule are distance-heuristic. Therefore DHTB can alleviate the join sequence problem, and build the ALM tree with desirable performance

Is DNS Ready for Ubiquitous Internet of Things?

The vision of the Internet of Things (IoT) covers not only the well-regulated processes of specific applications in different areas but also includes ubiquitous connectivity of more generic objects (or things and devices) in the physical world and the related information in the virtual world. For example, a typical IoT application, such as a smart city, includes smarter urban transport networks, upgraded water supply, and waste-disposal facilities, along with more efficient ways to light and heat buildings. For smart city applications and others, we require unique naming of every object and a secure, scalable, and efficient name resolution which can provide access to any object\u27s inherent attributes with its name. Based on different motivations, many naming principles and name resolution schemes have been proposed. Some of them are based on the well-known domain name system (DNS), which is the most important infrastructure in the current Internet, while others are based on novel designing principles to evolve the Internet. Although the DNS is evolving in its functionality and performance, it was not originally designed for the IoT applications. Then, a fundamental question that arises is: can current DNS adequately provide the name service support for IoT in the future? To address this question, we analyze the strengths and challenges of DNS when it is used to support ubiquitous IoT. First, we analyze the requirements of the IoT name service by using five characteristics, namely security, mobility, infrastructure independence, localization, and efficiency, which we collectively refer to as SMILE. Then, we discuss the pros and cons of the DNS in satisfying SMILE in the context of the future evolution of the IoT environment

Preparation of carbon nanotube/polyaniline nanofiber by electrospinning

AbstractPolyaniline (PANI) is one of the most promising conductive polymers for its cheap and abundant, ease of synthesis, high conductivity and good environmental stability. However the disadvantages, such as insolubility, difficulties in processing and poor mechanical property hinder its application. Carbon nanotube (CNT) was considered as an excellent reinforcing material for its excellent mechanical properties, such as high aspect ratio, high chemical and thermal stability and good conductivity. In this paper, the CNT/PANI composite was prepared from the CNT/aniline nanofiber oxidation, which was obtained by the electrospinning technique. The composite electrochemical performances were characterized by the cyclic voltammogram, galvanostatic charging/discharging and four-probe method. The CNT/PANI composite had excellent application foreground in electrochemical energy field due to large current response, high conductivity and specific capacity

Distributed all-IP mobility management architecture supported by the NDN overlay

Two of the most promising candidate solutions for realizing the next-generation all-IP mobile networks are Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6), which is the host-based and global mobility supporting protocol, and Proxy MIPv6 (PMIPv6), which is the network-based and localized mobility supporting protocol. However, the unprecedented growth of mobile Internet traffic has resulted in the development of distributed mobility management (DMM) architecture by the Internet engineering task force DMM working group. The extension of the basic MIPv6 and PMIPv6 to support their distributed and scalable deployment in the future is one of the major goals of the DMM working group. We propose an all-IP-based mobility management architecture that leverages the concept of Named Data Networking (NDN), which is a distributed content management and addressing architecture. In the proposed solution, mobility support services are distributed among multiple anchor points at the edge of the network, thereby enabling a flat architecture that exploits name-based routing in NDN. Our approach overcomes some of the major limitations of centralized IP mobility management solutions, by extending existing routing protocol and mobility management architecture, to distribute the mobility management function of anchor points in the IP network and optimize the transmission path of mobile traffi

Ostertagia ostertagi macrophage migration inhibitory factor is present in all developmental stages and may cross-regulate host functions through interaction with the host receptor

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) of Ostertagia ostertagi, an abomasal parasite of cattle, was characterised in the present study. Phylogenetic analysis identified at least three O. ostertagi MIFs (Oos- MIFs), each encoded by a distinct transcript: Oos-MIF-1.1, Oos-MIF-1.2 and Oos-MIF-2. Oos-MIF-2 is only distantly related to Oos-MIF-1s, but has higher sequence similarity with the Caenorhabditis elegans MIF2. Oos-MIF-1.1 and Oos-MIF-1.2 are similar (93%) and thus collectively referred to as Oos-MIF-1 when characterised with immunoassays. Recombinant Oos-MIF-1.1 (rOos-MIF-1.1) is catalytically active as a tautomerase. A mutation (rOos-MIF-1.1P1G) or duplication of Pro1 residue (rOos-MIF-1.1P1+P) resulted in reduced oligomerisation and loss of tautomerase activity. The tautomerase activity of rOos-MIF-1.1 was only partially inhibited by ISO-1 but was abrogated by a rOos-MIF-1.1-specific antibody. Oos-MIF- 1 was detected in all developmental stages of O. ostertagi, with higher levels in the adult stage; it was also detected in adult worm excretory/secretory product. Oos-MIF-1 was localised to the hypodermis/muscle, reproductive tract and intestine, but not to the cuticle. rOos-MIF-1.1, but not rOos-MIF-1.1P1G, was able to specifically bind to human CD74, a MIF cell surface receptor, with an affinity comparable with human MIF. Immunostaining indicated that macrophages were able to internalise rOos-MIF-1.1, further supporting receptor-mediated transportation. Herein we also show that rOos-MIF-1.1 inhibited migration of bovine macrophages and restored glucocorticoid-suppressed, lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-a and IL-8 in human and/or bovine macrophages. Given its dual role in self-regulation and molecular mimicry, this secreted parasite protein warrants investigation as a vaccine candidate against O. ostertagi infections in cattle