Evaluation functions and composition operators on Banach spaces of holomorphic functions

Let $B(\Omega)$ be the Banach space of holomorphic functions on a bounded connected domain $\Omega$ in $\mathbb C^n$, which contains the ring of polynomials on $\Omega$. In this paper we investigate the properties of evaluation functions on $B(\Omega)$ to show that the evaluation functions span the dual spaces $(B(\Omega ))^{*}$ of $B(\Omega )$ when $B(\Omega )$ is reflexive. We give the necessary and sufficient conditions for the space $B(\Omega )$ to be reflexive via the evaluation functions. Moreover, under suitable assumptions on $\Omega$ and $B(\Omega)$, we establish a characterization of holomorphic self-map $\varphi:\Omega\to\Omega$ such that the composition operator $C_\varphi$ is a Fredholm operator on $B(\Omega)$ by using the symbols of composition operators to construct a linearly independent function sequence, which extends the recent result by Guangfu Cao, Li He and Kehe Zhu. Our proof does not depend on the boundary behaviour of the evaluation functions

The role of tumor induced immune tolerance by tumor associated macrophages in hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a lethal disease with limited treatment options. Immunotherapy is revolutionizing cancer care, but FDA approved immune checkpoint inhibitors still only function in a minority of patients. Elucidating the underlying mechanism is required to improve targeted immunotherapy. This study explores the role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) on tumor growth and tumor-induced immune tolerance

Strategic modification of ligands for remarkable piezochromic luminescence (PCL) based on a neutral Ir(iii) phosphor

A new aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active neutral Ir(III) complex has been rationally designed and synthesized by introducing carboxyl and F substituents into the ancillary and cyclometalating ligands, respectively, to construct different kinds of intermolecular interaction, leading to excellent piezochromic luminescence (PCL) properties. The emission colours are tunable by a grinding–fuming/heating process with good reversibility in the solid state. A combination of powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, 1H NMR, X-ray photoelectron and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy unambiguously confirm that the mechanism of PCL involves disruption of the intermolecular π–π interactions and hydrogen bonding. The combined AIE and PCL properties have enabled an efficient re-writable data recording device to be fabricated using the Ir(III) complex as the active material

Dinuclear metal complexes: multifunctional properties and applications

The development of metal complexes for optoelectronic applications is a fertile area of research. In contrast to the rigorous development of mononuclear metal complexes, dinuclear species have been less well studied and their fundamental chemistry and applications are under-explored. However, dinuclear species present special properties and functions compared with mononuclear species as a consequence of tuning the bridging ligands, the cyclometalated ligands or the two metal centers. More recently, dinuclear species have enabled important breakthroughs in the fields of OLEDs, photocatalytic water splitting and CO2 reduction, DSPEC, chemosensors, biosensors, PDT, smart materials and so on. Here we present an overview of recent developments of dinuclear metal complexes, their multifunctional properties and their various applications. The relationship between structure and property of dinuclear species and important factors which influence device performance are discussed. Finally, we illustrate some challenges and opportunities for future research into dinuclear metal complexes. This review aims to provide an up-to-date summary and outlook of functional dinuclear metal complexes and to stimulate more researchers to contribute to this exciting interdisciplinary field

Damage Characteristics of Argillaceous Quartz Sandstone Mesostructure under Different Wetting-drying Conditions

Extensive water–rock interaction in the Three Gorges Reservoir area of the Yangtze River leads to rock mass deterioration along the reservoir banks. However, mineral evolution behavior and its effect on the mesostructure deterioration of rocks under the wetting–drying cycle condition remain unknown. So, the wetting–drying cycle tests were conducted on peculiar argillaceous quartz sandstone in TGRA under neutral (pH = 7) and alkaline (pH = 10) water environments. Here, we provided detailed physical and microscopy images data to determine the control mechanism of mineral behavior on the evolution of sandstone’s mesostructure. Under the neutral condition, repeated “absorption and swelling–dehydration and contraction” of clay minerals leads to the repeated physical action of “squeezing–unloading” in the interior of a rock. This results in the initiation and gradual expansion of cracks in the framework mineral quartz, exhibiting failure mode from the interior to the exterior. In contrast, under the alkaline condition, the dissolution on the surface of quartz particles leads to the expansion and connection of pores, implying that the sandstone exhibits failure mode from the exterior to the interior. Moreover, the internal mechanical analysis indicates the minerals are at high pressure because of the expansion of clay minerals in the neutral solution. However, in an alkaline water environment, the extrusion pressure of framework mineral quartz decreases significantly and is not easily broken due to increased porosity. Thus, the evolution behavior of minerals in different water environments plays an important role in the damage of the rock

rac-(S)-2-(1H-Imidazol-1-yl)-3-methyl­butan-1-ol

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C8H14N2O, inter­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds link mol­ecules related by translation along the a axis into chains. Weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C—H⋯π inter­actions enhance the crystal packing stability

Reversible tricolour luminescence switching based on a piezochromic iridium(iii) complex

On the basis of rational molecular design, the tricolour luminescence switching of an Ir(III) complex is achieved for the first time. The transformation between two crystalline states and an amorphous state is responsible for the switching behaviour of this complex between blue, green and yellow states. Solvent molecules are shown to play a crucial role in the crystallization and luminescence processes

New ionic dinuclear Ir(III) Schiff base complexes with aggregation-induced phosphorescent emission (AIPE)

Two new ionic dinuclear Ir(III) Schiff base complexes which are straightforward to synthesise have luminescence quantum yields as high as 37% in neat films. These are the first examples of dinuclear ionic Ir(III) complexes that display aggregation-induced phosphorescent emission (AIPE)