126 research outputs found
Realization of edge states along a synthetic orbital angular momentum dimension
The synthetic dimension is a rising method to study topological physics,
which enables us to implement high-dimensional physics in low-dimensional
geometries. Photonic orbital angular momentum (OAM), a degree of freedom
characterized by discrete yet unbounded, serves as a suitable synthetic
dimension. However, a sharp boundary along a synthetic OAM dimension has not
been demonstrated, dramatically limiting the investigation of topological edge
effects in an open boundary lattice system. In this work, we make a sharp
boundary along a Floquet Su-Schrieffer-Heeger OAM lattice and form approximate
semi-infinite lattices by drilling a pinhole on the optical elements in a
cavity. The band structures with zero () energy boundary states are
measured directly, benefiting from the spectra detection of the cavity.
Moreover, we obtain the edge modes moving from the gap to the bulk by
dynamically changing the boundary phase, and we reveal that interference near
the surface leads to spectrum discretization. Our work provides a new
perspective to observe edge effects and explore practical photonics tools
Potential of Core-Collapse Supernova Neutrino Detection at JUNO
JUNO is an underground neutrino observatory under construction in Jiangmen, China. It uses 20kton liquid scintillator as target, which enables it to detect supernova burst neutrinos of a large statistics for the next galactic core-collapse supernova (CCSN) and also pre-supernova neutrinos from the nearby CCSN progenitors. All flavors of supernova burst neutrinos can be detected by JUNO via several interaction channels, including inverse beta decay, elastic scattering on electron and proton, interactions on C12 nuclei, etc. This retains the possibility for JUNO to reconstruct the energy spectra of supernova burst neutrinos of all flavors. The real time monitoring systems based on FPGA and DAQ are under development in JUNO, which allow prompt alert and trigger-less data acquisition of CCSN events. The alert performances of both monitoring systems have been thoroughly studied using simulations. Moreover, once a CCSN is tagged, the system can give fast characterizations, such as directionality and light curve
Detection of the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background with JUNO
As an underground multi-purpose neutrino detector with 20 kton liquid scintillator, Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is competitive with and complementary to the water-Cherenkov detectors on the search for the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB). Typical supernova models predict 2-4 events per year within the optimal observation window in the JUNO detector. The dominant background is from the neutral-current (NC) interaction of atmospheric neutrinos with 12C nuclei, which surpasses the DSNB by more than one order of magnitude. We evaluated the systematic uncertainty of NC background from the spread of a variety of data-driven models and further developed a method to determine NC background within 15\% with {\it{in}} {\it{situ}} measurements after ten years of running. Besides, the NC-like backgrounds can be effectively suppressed by the intrinsic pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) capabilities of liquid scintillators. In this talk, I will present in detail the improvements on NC background uncertainty evaluation, PSD discriminator development, and finally, the potential of DSNB sensitivity in JUNO
Real-time Monitoring for the Next Core-Collapse Supernova in JUNO
Core-collapse supernova (CCSN) is one of the most energetic astrophysical
events in the Universe. The early and prompt detection of neutrinos before
(pre-SN) and during the SN burst is a unique opportunity to realize the
multi-messenger observation of the CCSN events. In this work, we describe the
monitoring concept and present the sensitivity of the system to the pre-SN and
SN neutrinos at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), which is
a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector under construction in South China. The
real-time monitoring system is designed with both the prompt monitors on the
electronic board and online monitors at the data acquisition stage, in order to
ensure both the alert speed and alert coverage of progenitor stars. By assuming
a false alert rate of 1 per year, this monitoring system can be sensitive to
the pre-SN neutrinos up to the distance of about 1.6 (0.9) kpc and SN neutrinos
up to about 370 (360) kpc for a progenitor mass of 30 for the case
of normal (inverted) mass ordering. The pointing ability of the CCSN is
evaluated by using the accumulated event anisotropy of the inverse beta decay
interactions from pre-SN or SN neutrinos, which, along with the early alert,
can play important roles for the followup multi-messenger observations of the
next Galactic or nearby extragalactic CCSN.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figure
Symmetry Breaking Phase Transition, Second-Order Nonlinear Optical and Dielectric Properties of a One-Dimensional Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Zigzag Chain Compound [NH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>5</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>]SbBr<sub>5</sub>
A new
one-dimensional organic–inorganic material, 1,5-pentanediammonium
pentabromoantimonate (III) (<b>1</b>), exhibits a centrosymmetric-to-non-centrosymmetric
symmetry breaking phase transition at 366.5 K, showing a prominent
second harmonic generation (SHG) response and dielectric anomalies.
The differential scanning calorimetry results indicate the phase transition
is a second-order one. The variable-temperature structural analyses
reveal that the space group changes from <i>Pnma</i> at
393 K in the high-temperature phase to <i>P</i>2<sub>1</sub>2<sub>1</sub>2<sub>1</sub> at 293 K in the low-temperature phase,
accompanied by the loss of a symmetry plane and inversion center.
The crystal structure is composed of one-dimensional zigzag chains
of corner-sharing SbBr<sub>6</sub> octahedra and 1,5-pentanediammonium
cations. The origin of the phase transition can be attributed to both
the deformation of the zigzag chains and the order–disorder
transition of the 1,5-pentanediammonium cations. The compound is SHG-active
below the transition temperature, demonstrating its second-order nonlinear
optical properties. It is also SHG-inactive above the transition temperature,
which further confirms the symmetry breaking phenomenon. These findings
will pave a new way to explore organic–inorganic multifunctional
phase transition material
Diagnosis of Superficial Gastric Lesions Together with Six Gastric Lymphoma Cases via Probe-Based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy: A Retrospective Observational Study
Objective. To evaluate the performance of probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) in diagnosis of gastric lesions. Methods. An outpatient department- (OPD-) based retrospective study was conducted for patients with suspected upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract lesions who underwent pCLE between 2014 and 2016 at a tertiary hospital in China. Final diagnosis was based on the histopathological reports. CLE reports were compared to histopathological reports to evaluate the diagnostic ability, including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and diagnostic accuracy. Results. 322 of 380 patients were diagnosed with gastric lesions via pCLE, including inflammation and benign ulcers (n=110), atrophy and intestinal metaplasia (n=152), intraepithelial neoplasia (n=27), adenocarcinoma (n=27), and lymphoma (n=6). In total, the diagnostic ability of CLE in evaluation of gastric lesions showed sensitivity 72.4% (95% confidence interval (CI): 67.1–77.2%); specificity 93.1% (95% CI: 5.6–8.4%); PPV 72.4% (95% CI: 67.1–77.2%); NPV 93.1% (95% CI: 5.6–8.4%); and accuracy 88.9% (95% CI: 87.3–90.4%), respectively. We further observed the capability of pCLE in diagnosing six gastric lymphoma showing those affected mucosa densely infiltrated with identical and round-shaped abnormal cells. Immunohistochemistry analysis confirmed one patient with diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (DLBCL) and five with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Conclusion. pCLE is an accurate tool for the detection of gastric lesions and shows optimal values of sensitivity and negative predictivity. Moreover, combining pCLE with white light endoscopy (WLE) may be a promising adjunct to conventional biopsy sampling in evaluating GI tract with suspected lymphoma
Structural Phase Transitions of a Layered Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Compound: Tetra(cyclopentylammonium) Decachlorotricadmate(II), [C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>9</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>]<sub>4</sub>Cd<sub>3</sub>Cl<sub>10</sub>
A layered organic–inorganic
hybrid compound, tetraÂ(cyclopentylammonium) decachlorotricadmateÂ(II)
(<b>1</b>), in which the two-dimensional [Cd<sub>3</sub>Cl<sub>10</sub>]<sup>4–</sup><sub><i>n</i></sub> networks
built up from three face-sharing CdCl<sub>6</sub> octahedra are separated
by cyclopentylammonium cation bilayers, has been discovered as a new
phase transition material. It undergoes two successive structural
phase transitions, at 197.3 and 321.6 K, which were confirmed by differential
scanning calorimetry measurements, variable-temperature structural
analyses, and dielectric measurements. The crystal structures of <b>1</b> determined at 93, 298, and 343 K are solved in <i>P</i>2<sub>1</sub>2<sub>1</sub>2<sub>1</sub>, <i>Pbca</i>, and <i>Cmca</i>, respectively. A precise analysis of the structural
differences between these three structures reveals that the origin
of the phase transition at 197.3 K is ascribed to the order–disorder
transition of the cyclopentylammonium cations, while the phase transition
at 321.6 K originates from the distortion of the two-dimensional [Cd<sub>3</sub>Cl<sub>10</sub>]<sup>4–</sup><sub><i>n</i></sub> network
Diagnosis of Superficial Gastric Lesions Together with Six Gastric Lymphoma Cases via Probe-Based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy: A Retrospective Observational Study
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