Kisah Nabi Musa as dalam perspektif studi stilistika al­ Qur'an

Al-Qur'an merupakan kitab sastra terbesar sepanjang sejarah dan mukjizat terbesar Rasulullah Muhammad saw. Salah satu bentuk i'jaz Al-Qur'an dimuatnya kisah-kisah umat terdahulu, seperti kisah Nabi Musa. Kisah tersebut dalam Al­ Qur'an dipaparkan dengan gaya yang sangat variatif dan diulang-ulang. Hal itu berhubungan dengan studi tentang kesustraan yaitu stilistika Al-Qur'an. Faktor ini yang mendorong penulis melak.ukan penelitian untuk mengetahui gaya pemaparan kisah Nabi Musa as dalam Al-Qur'an dalam perspektif studi stilistika Al-Qur'an. Disamping itu untuk mengetahui pengulangan kisah Nabi Musa as dalam Al-Qur'an. Penelitian ini bertolak dari pemikiran bahwa stilistika Al-Qur'an merupakan kajian bahasa yang menitik beratkan pada gaya bahasa Al-Qur'an. Penelitian ini bersifat penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dengan menggunakan metode penyajian data deskriptif dan analitis. Sesuai dengan tujuan tersebut, data primer yang digunakan berasal dari Al-Qur'an dan tulisan yang membahas tentang stilistika Al-Qur'an. Sedangkan data sekunder berasal dari tulisan-tulisan yang relevan dengan penelitian ini. Data yang ditemukan menunjukkan bahwa kisah Nabi Musa dalam Al­ Qur'an dituturkan dengan beberapa variasi, yaitu pendek, sedang, dan panjang. Kisah tersebut tertuang dalam beberapa fragmen yang tersebar dibeberapa surah Al-Qur'an, yaitu surah Al-Baqarah, surah Al-Mai.dab, surah Al-A'rfil, surah Vii.nus, surah 18hi, surah Al-Mu'miniin, surah Ash-Shu'ara', surah Az-Zukhruf, surah An­ Nazi'at. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa Gaya bahasa Al-Qur'an yang digunakan dalam memaparkan kisah Nabi Musa menggunakan gaya naratif. Kisah Nabi Musa dalam Al-Qur'an ditampilkan sebanyak 189 ayat yang tersebar dalam I 0 surah. Hampir setiap surat dalam Al-Qur'an versi sendiri dalam pemaparannya. Meskipun demikian, repetisi atau pengulangan merupakan sesuatu yang tak terelakkan. Repetisi atau pengulangan kisah Nabi Musa dalam Al-Qur'an bukan pengulangan secara 100 persen. Ada hal-hal yang baru baik dalam aspeks konteksnya maupun dalam aspek struktur kalimatnya (penambahan, pengurangan, pendahuluan, pengakhiran) tanpa mengabaikan unsur-unsur keindahan

Disturbance observer-based saturated fixed-time pose tracking for feature points of two rigid bodies

The relative pose dynamics for the feature points of two nearby rigid bodies is modeled in the body-fixed coordinated system of the controlled chaser. Then, a novel model-based fixed-time relative motion controller is developed for the active chaser to achieve the target’s feature-point position tracking and attitude synchronization under constrained control inputs and model uncertainties. In particular, the convergence time of system states is prescribed independently with initial states and estimated by the control parameters. A fixed-time disturbance observer is introduced to estimate and compensate unknown bounded disturbances, and the observation errors converge to zero in fixed time. A novel fixed-time anti-windup compensator is proposed to deal with the actuator saturation. Theoretical analysis and simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.</p

Adaptive guidance and control of uncertain lunar landers in terminal landing phases

A novel double-loop guidance and control strategy for under-actuated lunar landers in terminal landing phases is developed by using adaptive nonlinear control approach in this study. To derive the main thrust input and inner-loop desired attitude trajectory, the outer-loop position tracking guidance law is firstly developed based on the hyperbolic tangent functions to guarantee the constrained thrust and singularity avoidance of the desired attitudes. Then, to avoid the complicated analytic-derivative computing of the desired attitude trajectory, a stable second-order filter is employed to generate the command attitude trajectory for the inner-loop attitude motion. Finally, an adaptive attitude tracking controller is designed by combining the barrier Lyapunove function and the backstepping technique to get rid of the singularities of the Euler angles-based attitude kinematic Jacobian matrix. In addition, tuning rules for designing parameters in guidance law and attitude controller are derived based on the Lyapunov analysis, and the pose tracking errors in the closed-loop system ultimately converge to the small neighborhoods of the origin. An example is simulated to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control design approach

Higher serum choline and betaine levels are associated with better body composition in male but not female population

<div><p>Background</p><p>Animal studies proved that choline and betaine have beneficial effect on reducing body fat. However, evidence in humans is scarce. We aim to investigate the association between serum choline and betaine levels with body composition in general population.</p><p>Methods</p><p>This is an observational cross-sectional study performed in 1081 subjects from the CODING (Complex Disease in Newfoundland population: Environment and Genetics) study. Serum choline and betaine levels were measured based on liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry technology. Body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry following a 12-hour fast. Major confounding factors including age, sex, total calorie intake and physical activity level were controlled in all analyses.</p><p>Results</p><p>Significantly inverse correlations were found between serum betaine levels and all obesity measurements in males (r ranged from -0.12 to -0.23, and p<0.01 for all) but not in females. Serum choline was negatively associated with total percent body fat (¿), percent trunk fat (%TF), weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (r ranged from -0.11 to -0.19, and p<0.05 for all) in males and positively associated with weight, BMI and WC (r ranged from 0.09 to 0.10, and p<0.05 for all) in females. The negative associations between serum choline and betaine levels with obesity in males were more profound in those not on any medication than those taking medications. Moreover, obese males had the lowest serum choline and betaine levels, followed by overweight males, and normal weight males having the highest serum choline and betaine levels, especially in those not taking medications (p<0.05). Likewise, subjects with the highest serum levels of both had the lowest obesity indexes, especially those not taking medications.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Higher serum choline and betaine levels were associated with a more favorable body composition (lower body fat and higher lean body mass) in males and the favorable association was more pronounced in non-medication users.</p></div

Partial correlations between serum choline and betaine levels with body composition¹.

<p>Partial correlations between serum choline and betaine levels with body composition<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0193114#t002fn002" target="_blank">¹</a>.</p

Comparison of obesity indexes according to serum choline levels in men¹.

<p>Comparison of obesity indexes according to serum choline levels in men<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0193114#t005fn002" target="_blank">¹</a>.</p

Comparison of serum choline and betaine levels in different obesity status defined by BMI and BF% in males¹.

<p>Comparison of serum choline and betaine levels in different obesity status defined by BMI and BF% in males<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0193114#t004fn001" target="_blank">¹</a>.</p

Partial correlations between serum choline, betaine and body composition variables in males based on medication status¹.

<p>Partial correlations between serum choline, betaine and body composition variables in males based on medication status<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0193114#t003fn002" target="_blank">¹</a>.</p

Comparison of obesity indexes according to serum betaine levels in men¹.

<p>Comparison of obesity indexes according to serum betaine levels in men<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0193114#t006fn002" target="_blank">¹</a>.</p

Characteristics of the participants by gender ¹.

<p>Characteristics of the participants by gender <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0193114#t001fn002" target="_blank">¹</a>.</p