Design And Fabrication of Condenser Microphone Using Wafer Transfer And Micro-electroplating Technique

A novel fabrication process, which uses wafer transfer and micro-electroplating technique, has been proposed and tested. In this paper, the effects of the diaphragm thickness and stress, the air-gap thickness, and the area ratio of acoustic holes to backplate on the sensitivity of the condenser microphone have been demonstrated since the performance of the microphone depends on these parameters. The microphone diaphragm has been designed with a diameter and thickness of 1.9 mm and 0.6 $\mu$m, respectively, an air-gap thickness of 10 $\mu$m, and a 24% area ratio of acoustic holes to backplate. To obtain a lower initial stress, the material used for the diaphragm is polyimide. The measured sensitivities of the microphone at the bias voltages of 24 V and 12 V are -45.3 and -50.2 dB/Pa (at 1 kHz), respectively. The fabricated microphone shows a flat frequency response extending to 20 kHz.Comment: Submitted on behalf of EDA Publishing Association (http://irevues.inist.fr/handle/2042/16838

Penetration Enhancement Effect of Turpentine Oil on Transdermal Film of Ketorolac

Purpose: To prepare transdermal films of ketorolac tromethamine (KT) and study the effect of turpentine oil as a penetration enhancer for the drug.Methods: Transdermal films of KT were prepared with Carbopol-934 and ethyl cellulose, with turpentine oil as the penetration enhancer, using solvent evaporation method. The films were characterized for physicochemical properties, ex vivo permeation, as well as in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in Wistar rats. Results: The transdermal films were uniform in weight and thickness, flat, with high drug content (93.9 to 98.5 %) and of high folding endurance (134.0 to 180.0). Drug permeation through excised rat abdominal skin was prolonged, with the total drug release ranging from 58.88 to 88.98 % in 24 h. The films containing penetration enhancer showed higher drug permeation than the one without the enhancer; furthermore, drug permeation increased with increase in the concentration of the enhancer. The films were non-irritant to the skin. The transdermal films prepared with permeation enhancers showed greater anti-inflammatory activity (87.55 ± 2.50 and 83.24 ± 2.29 % inhibition of rat paw edema at the end of 12 h for formulations F2 and F3, respectively, compared to that of the formulation without enhancer with 69.99 %) as well as greater analgesic activity (quicker onset of analgesia in 1.5 h with longer duration of 10 to 12 h).Conclusion: Transdermal films of ketorolac have a potential for use in the treatment of pain andinflammation. Incorporation of turpentine oil in the films enhances not only drug flux but also analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in rats

The relationship between marital adjustment and personality characteristics, medical coping style of infertile patients

目的  探讨不孕不育患者婚姻调适状况与人格特征和医学应对方式的关系，为临床开展心理健康干预提供依据。方法  选取2012年8月—2015年1月某三级甲等医院生殖医学中心治疗的156例已婚不孕不育症患者。采用艾森克人格问卷表（EPQ）、Locke-Wollance婚姻调适测定量表和医学应对问卷（MCMQ），对患者进行调查，分别测评患者婚姻调适状况、人格特征和医学应对方式及其相关性。结果  患者婚姻调适状况与EPQ的P、N及MCMQ屈服呈显著负相关，与EPQ 的E和MCMQ面对则呈显著正相关；EPQ的P、N与MCMQ面对呈负相关，与MCMQ的屈服呈正相关；EPQ的E则与MCMQ面对呈显著正相关。EPQ的P、E、N和MCMQ面对、屈服在婚姻调适状况高中低分组中的比较，差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.01）。多元逐步回归分析：面对、回避，屈服及精神质（P）等4个因素共解释了不孕不育症患者婚姻调适总变异的26.4%。结论  人格特征、医学应对方式是影响不孕不育症患者婚姻调适的重要因素。Objective: To explore the relationship between marital adjustment and personality characteristics and coping styles of patients with infertility, and to provide evidence for clinical intervention. Methods: A total of 156 patients with infertility were selected from August 2012 to January 2015 in a grade a hospital of reproductive medicine center. This research is a cross - sectional survey. The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), Locke-Wollance marital adjustment test scale and Medical Coping Questionnaire (MCMQ), were investigated, respectively, to evaluate the patient status, marital adjustment and personality characteristics and coping style and their relationship. Results: Patients marital adjustment status and EPQ P, N and MCMQ yield was significantly negative correlated, and EPQ E and MCMQ was significantly positively related; EPQ P, N and MCMQ showed a negative correlation, and MCMQ yield positively correlated; EPQ E, and MCMQ face was significantly positively related, EPQ P, E, N and MCMQ, yield in the marital adjustment the conditions of grouping, the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.01). Multiple stepwise regression analysis: 4 factors, such as confrontation, avoidance, yield and psychoticism (P), were used to explain the total variation of the adjustment of marriage in infertile patients (26.4%). Conclusion: Personality characteristics, medical coping styles are the important factors influencing the marital adjustment for infertility patients

9-Ethyl-3-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)-9H-carbazole

The title compound, C20H16N4, is a precursor for the production of electron-transporting and -emitting materials. The bond lengths and angles in this compound are normal. In the crystal structure, there are no significant hydrogen-bonding inter­actions or π–π stacking inter­actions between mol­ecules

Urbanization Further Intensifies Short-Duration Rainfall Extremes in a Warmer Climate

Abstract Intensification of short-duration rainfall extremes contributes to increased urban flood risk. Yet, it remains unclear how upper-tail rainfall statistics could change with regional warming. Here, we characterize the non-stationarity of rainfall extremes over durations of 1?24 hr for the rapidly developing coastal megalopolis of the Greater Bay Area, China. Using high-resolution, multi-source, merged and gridded data we observe greater increases in rainfall intensities over the north-central part of the region compared with the southern coastal region. Our results show, for the first time, that urbanization nonlinearly increases rainfall intensities at different durations and return periods. Over short durations (≤3-hr) and short return periods (2-yr), urban areas have the greatest scaling rates (≥19.9%/°C). However, over longer durations (≥9-hr) rural areas have greater scaling rates, with a lower degree of dependency on both durations and return periods

Reinforcement Learning Experience Reuse with Policy Residual Representation

Experience reuse is key to sample-efficient reinforcement learning. One of the critical issues is how the experience is represented and stored. Previously, the experience can be stored in the forms of features, individual models, and the average model, each lying at a different granularity. However, new tasks may require experience across multiple granularities. In this paper, we propose the policy residual representation (PRR) network, which can extract and store multiple levels of experience. PRR network is trained on a set of tasks with a multi-level architecture, where a module in each level corresponds to a subset of the tasks. Therefore, the PRR network represents the experience in a spectrum-like way. When training on a new task, PRR can provide different levels of experience for accelerating the learning. We experiment with the PRR network on a set of grid world navigation tasks, locomotion tasks, and fighting tasks in a video game. The results show that the PRR network leads to better reuse of experience and thus outperforms some state-of-the-art approaches.Comment: Conference version appears in IJCAI 201

Influence of Hydrothermal Temperature on Phosphorus Recovery Efficiency of Porous Calcium Silicate Hydrate

Porous calcium silicate hydrate (PCSH) was synthesized by carbide residue and white carbon black. The influence of hydrothermal temperature on phosphorus recovery efficiency was investigated by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Hydrothermal temperature exerted significant influence on phosphorus recovery performance of PCSH. Hydrothermal temperature 170°C for PCSH was more proper to recover phosphorus. PCSH could recover phosphorus with content of 18.51%. The law of Ca2+ and OH− release was the key of phosphorus recovery efficiency, and this law depended upon the microstructure of PCSH. When the temperature of synthesis reached to 170°C, the reactions between CaO and amorphous SiO2 were more efficient. Solubility of SiO2 was a limiting factor

Visualizing the elongated vortices in γ\gamma-Ga nanostrips

We study the magnetic response of superconducting $\gamma$-Ga via low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. The magnetic vortex cores rely substantially on the Ga geometry, and exhibit an unexpectedly-large axial elongation with aspect ratio up to 40 in rectangular Ga nano-strips (width $l$ $<$ 100 nm). This is in stark contrast with the isotropic circular vortex core in a larger round-shaped Ga island. We suggest that the unusual elongated vortices in Ga nanostrips originate from geometric confinement effect probably via the strong repulsive interaction between the vortices and Meissner screening currents at the sample edge. Our finding provides novel conceptual insights into the geometrical confinement effect on magnetic vortices and forms the basis for the technological applications of superconductors.Comment: published in Phys. Rev. B as a Rapid Communicatio