Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time, and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space. While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes, vast areas of the tropics remain understudied. In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity, but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases. To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge, it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Etude des genes nad3, rps12, orf156 et coxIII du genome mitochondrial du ble (Triticum aestivum): structure, expression et edition de leurs transcrits

SIGLEINIST T 73241 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Influência do manejo da irrigação no meloeiro rendilhado cultivado em ambiente protegido Irrigation management on net-melon fruits cultivated under greenhouse

Visando a avaliar a cultura do melão rendilhado em função do manejo da irrigação, foi realizado um experimento em casa de vegetação com a cultivar Bônus nº 2, na área experimental do Departamento de Engenharia Rural da Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" - ESALQ/USP. Foram avaliados dois sistemas de manejo (tensiômetro e lisímetro de tensão controlada), e dois níveis de fertilidade (presença e ausência de fertilizantes). O lisímetro de tensão controlada é um dispositivo que utiliza cápsula porosa, capaz de fornecer água automaticamente, acoplado a um tubo de Mariotte, que permite realizar leituras de volume de água consumido pela planta. Para os tratamentos com lisímetro de tensão controlada, a porosidade livre de água média (PLA) foi de 15%; já para os irrigados com base nos tensiômetros, a PLA permaneceu em média 35%, favorecendo boa relação ar-água durante todo o experimento. Com relação à variação temporal do potencial matricial do solo (média das três profundidades), os tratamentos com tensiômetro apresentaram valores médios de tensões com desvios de 9,10%, enquanto, para os tratamentos com lisímetro de tensão controlada, os desvios foram de 1,33%. Com manejo da irrigação por tensiômetros, sem adição de fertilizantes, a massa média dos frutos (1.070,4 g) quase duplicou em relação ao padrão mínimo comercial (550 g). Adicionando a fertirrigação nesse manejo, o incremento passou a ser de 4,5 vezes (2.493,8 g). O meloeiro apresentou baixo rendimento em condição de porosidade livre de água inferior a 20%.<br>Aiming to evaluate net-melon fruits under irrigation management, it was carried out an experiment in greenhouse conditions. The experimental area was located at the irrigation farm of the Engineering Department of - Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" - ESALQ/USP in Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil, planted with Bonus 2 cultivar. Two irrigation management systems were evaluated by tensiometer and tension lysimeter with two levels of solution fertility (presence and absence). Tension lysimeter is a device based on porous cap, capable of supplying water automatically to the plant through a Mariotte reservoir (constant hydraulic head). For the treatments with tension lysimeter, the average free water porosity (PLA) was 15%. For treatments with tensiometers, the PLA was 35% in average, favoring a good relation of air-water throughout the experiment. The temporal variation of the matrix potential in treatments by tensiometer, measured in three depths, presented an average deviation of 9.10% whereas treatments with tension lysimeter were 1.33%. The irrigation management by tensiometers without fertilizer obtained an average weight of the fruits (1,070.4 g) that was almost duplicated in relation to minimum commercial standard (550 g). However, by adding fertilizer in these plants the productivity increment was 4.5 times higher (2,493.8 g). The net-melon fruits presented a low productivity when the free water porosity was lower at 20%