Cylindrical couette flow in the transition regime by the method of moments

This paper was presented at the 4th Micro and Nano Flows Conference (MNF2014), which was held at University College, London, UK. The conference was organised by Brunel University and supported by the Italian Union of Thermofluiddynamics, IPEM, the Process Intensification Network, the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, the Heat Transfer Society, HEXAG - the Heat Exchange Action Group, and the Energy Institute, ASME Press, LCN London Centre for Nanotechnology, UCL University College London, UCL Engineering, the International NanoScience Community, www.nanopaprika.eu.The moment method is employed to study the characteristics of cylindrical Couette gas flow under rarefied conditions. Computed velocity profiles from the linearised R13 and R26 moment equations are compared with direct simulation Monte Carlo data. It is found that the moment method can extend the macroscopic equations into the early transition regime, but the surface curvature narrows the validity range of the macroscopic models. The slip velocity on the inner and outer cylinder is not equal due to curvature effects and the torque acting on the cylinder wall decreases as the rarefaction becomes stronger

Non-equilibrium heat transfer in acceleration and pressure-driven Poiseuille flows: A comparative study

This paper was presented at the 3rd Micro and Nano Flows Conference (MNF2011), which was held at the Makedonia Palace Hotel, Thessaloniki in Greece. The conference was organised by Brunel University and supported by the Italian Union of Thermofluiddynamics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University of Thessaly, IPEM, the Process Intensification Network, the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, the Heat Transfer Society, HEXAG - the Heat Exchange Action Group, and the Energy Institute.A comparison of non-equilibrium flow and heat transfer characteristics between the acceleration-driven and pressure-driven Poiseuille flow is made with the aid of the direct simulation Monte Carlo method. In particular we study thermal characteristics like temperature and heat flux profiles, heat flow rates and net heat flow directions for both cases. Our study shows several interesting similarities and contrarieties. Non-equilibrium heat flow phenomenon like a bimodal tangential heat flux profile and a heat flow rate maximum at an intermediate Knudsen number is observed for the case of the pressure-driven flow. For both acceleration and pressure-driven cases, a two-way heat flow is observed in the slip and early transition regime, whereas heat flow is unidirectional in the upper transition regime and beyond. For the pressure-driven Poiseuille flow, the net heat flow is in the opposite direction of mass flow for the entire range of Knudsen number. In the case of the acceleration driven flow, however, the heat flow direction reverses and becomes in the direction of mass flow in the upper transition regime and beyond.The Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) supporting the Collaborative Computational Project 12 (CCP12)

A numerical analysis of the Graetz problem using the method of moments

Paper presented at the 9th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Malta, 16-18 July, 2012.In this paper, we investigate the classic Graetz problem which is concerned with the thermal development length of a fluid flowing in a pipe or channel. In our particular study, we are interested in the thermal development length associated with a rarefied gas in a 2D channel. When the gas is in a rarefied state, the boundary conditions have to be modified to account for velocity-slip and temperature-jump. Although a number of previous studies have considered rarefaction effects, they have usually taken the form of modifying the boundary conditions of the Navier-Stokes equations. Our study has involved using the Method of Moments, which represents a higher-order set of equations involving transport of stress and heat flux. The results show that the moment method captures the non-equilibrium flow features and is in good agreement with kinetic data.dc201

An enterprise reference model library based on internet

2002-2003 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe

Research on college network counseling system based on collaboration technologies

2002-2003 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe

All-optical GeV electron bunch generation in a laser-plasma accelerator via truncated-channel injection.

We describe a simple scheme, truncated-channel injection, to inject electrons directly into the wakefield driven by a high-intensity laser pulse guided in an all-optical plasma channel. We use this approach to generate dark-current-free 1.2 GeV, 4.5% relative energy spread electron bunches with 120 TW laser pulses guided in a 110 mm-long hydrodynamic optical-field-ionized plasma channel. Our experiments and particle-in-cell simulations show that high-quality electron bunches were only obtained when the drive pulse was closely aligned with the channel axis, and was focused close to the density down ramp formed at the channel entrance. Start-to-end simulations of the channel formation, and electron injection and acceleration show that increasing the channel length to 410 mm would yield 3.65 GeV bunches, with a slice energy spread ∼5×10^{-4}

Acetyltransferases and tumour suppression

The acetyltransferase p300 was first identified associated with the adenoviral transforming protein E1A, suggesting a potential role for p300 in the regulation of cell proliferation. Direct evidence demonstrating a role for p300 in human tumours was lacking until the recentl publication by Gayther et al, which strongly supports a role for p300 as a tumour suppressor. The authors identify truncating mutations associated with the loss or mutation of the second allele in both tumour samples and cell lines, suggesting that loss of p300 may play a role in the development of a subset of human cancers

Factors associated with health-seeking behavior among migrant workers in Beijing, China

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Migrant workers are a unique phenomenon in the process of China's economic transformation. The household registration system classifies them as temporary residents in cities, putting them in a vulnerable state with an unfair share of urban infrastructure and social public welfare. The amount of pressure inflicted by migrant workers in Beijing, as one of the major migration destinations, is currently at a threshold. This study was designed to assess the factors associated with health-seeking behavior and to explore feasible solutions to the obstacles migrant workers in China faced with when accessing health-care.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A sample of 2,478 migrant workers in Beijing was chosen by the multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method. A structured questionnaire survey was conducted via face-to-face interviews between investigators and subjects. The multilevel methodology (MLM) was used to demonstrate the independent effects of the explanatory variables on health seeking behavior in migrant workers.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The medical visitation rate of migrant workers within the past two weeks was 4.8%, which only accounted for 36.4% of those who were ill. Nearly one-third of the migrant workers chose self-medication (33.3%) or no measures (30.3%) while ill within the past two weeks. 19.7% of the sick migrants who should have been hospitalized failed to receive medical treatment within the past year. According to self-reported reasons, the high cost of health service was a significant obstacle to health-care access for 40.5% of the migrant workers who became sick. However, 94.0% of the migrant workers didn't have any insurance coverage in Beijing. The multilevel model analysis indicates that health-seeking behavior among migrants is significantly associated with their insurance coverage. Meanwhile, such factors as household monthly income per capita and working hours per day also affect the medical visitation rate of the migrant workers in Beijing.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study assesses the influence of socio-demographic characteristics on the migrant workers' decision to seek health care services when they fall ill, and it also indicates that the current health service system discourages migrant workers from seeking appropriate care of good quality. Relevant policies of public medical insurance and assistance program should be vigorously implemented for providing affordable health care services to the migrants. Feasible measures need to be taken to reduce the health risks associated with current hygiene practices and equity should be assured in access to health care services among migrant workers.</p

Fluid dynamic lateral slicing of high tensile strength carbon nanotubes

Lateral slicing of micron length carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is effective on laser irradiation of the materials suspended within dynamic liquid thin films in a microfluidic vortex fluidic device (VFD). The method produces sliced CNTs with minimal defects in the absence of any chemical stabilizers, having broad length distributions centred at ca 190, 160 nm and 171 nm for single, double and multi walled CNTs respectively, as established using atomic force microscopy and supported by small angle neutron scattering solution data. Molecular dynamics simulations on a bent single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) with a radius of curvature of order 10 nm results in tearing across the tube upon heating, highlighting the role of shear forces which bend the tube forming strained bonds which are ruptured by the laser irradiation. CNT slicing occurs with the VFD operating in both the confined mode for a finite volume of liquid and continuous flow for scalability purposes

The Formation and Stabilization of a Novel G-Quadruplex in the 5′-Flanking Region of the Relaxin Gene

It has been reported that binding of STAT3 protein to the 5′-flanking region of the relaxin gene may result in downregulation of the relaxin expression. There is a Guanine(G)-rich segment located in about 3.8 Kb upstream of the relaxin gene and very close to the STAT3's binding site. In our study, NMR spectroscopy revealed the formation of G-quadruplex by this G-rich strand, and the result was confirmed by ESI mass spectrometry and CD spectroscopy. The theoretical structure of RLX G-quadruplex was constructed and refined by molecular modeling. When this relaxin G-quadruplex was stabilized by berberine(ΔTm = 10°C), a natural alkaloid from a Chinese herb, the gene expression could be up-regulated in a dose-dependent manner which was proved by luciferase assay. This result is different from the general G-quadruplex function that inhibiting the telomere replication or down-regulating many oncogenes expression. Therefore, our study reported a novel G-quadruplex in the relaxin gene and complemented the regulation mechanism about gene expression by G-quadruplexes