Pentyl (E)-3-(3,4-dihy­droxy­phen­yl)acrylate

In the mol­ecule of the title compound, C14H18O4, the C=C double bond is in an E configuration. The mol­ecule is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation of all non-H atoms = 0.04 Å). An intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond occurs. In the crystal, inter­molecular O—H⋯O inter­actions link the mol­ecules into ribbons extending in [110]

Driver distraction detection based on lightweight networks and tiny object detection

Real-time and efficient driver distraction detection is of great importance for road traffic safety and assisted driving. The design of a real-time lightweight model is crucial for in-vehicle edge devices that have limited computational resources. However, most existing approaches focus on lighter and more efficient architectures, ignoring the cost of losing tiny target detection performance that comes with lightweighting. In this paper, we present MTNet, a lightweight detector for driver distraction detection scenarios. MTNet consists of a multidimensional adaptive feature extraction block, a lightweight feature fusion block and utilizes the IoU-NWD weighted loss function, all while considering the accuracy gain of tiny target detection. In the feature extraction component, a lightweight backbone network is employed in conjunction with four attention mechanisms strategically integrated across the kernel space. This approach enhances the performance limits of the lightweight network. The lightweight feature fusion module is designed to reduce computational complexity and memory access. The interaction of channel information is improved through the use of lightweight arithmetic techniques. Additionally, CFSM module and EPIEM module are employed to minimize redundant feature map computations and strike a better balance between model weights and accuracy. Finally, the IoU-NWD weighted loss function is formulated to enable more effective detection of tiny targets. We assess the performance of the proposed method on the LDDB benchmark. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms multiple advanced detection models

Global, Regional, and National Change Patterns in the Incidence of Low Back Pain From 1990 to 2019 and Its Predicted Level in the Next Decade

Objectives: To analyze and describe the spatiotemporal trends of Low back pain (LBP) burdens from 1990 to 2019 and anticipate the following decade’s incidence.Methods: Using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 Study, we described net drifts, local drifts, age effects, and period cohort effects in incidence and forecasted incidence rates and cases by sex from 2020 to 2029 using the Nordpred R package.Results: LBP remained the leading cause of the musculoskeletal disease burden globally and across all socio-demographic index (SDI) regions. China is the top country. For recent periods, high-SDI countries faced unfavorable or worsening risks. The relative risk of incidence showed improving trends over time and in successively younger birth cohorts amongst low-middle-, middle- and high-middle-SDI countries. Additionally, the age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) of LBP in both sexes globally showed a decreasing trend, but the incident cases would increase from 223 to 253 million overall in the next decade.Conclusion: As the population ages, incident cases will rise but ASIR will fall. To minimise LBP, public awareness and disease prevention and control are needed

Red Aesthetics, Intermediality and the Use of Posters in Chinese Cinema after 1949

Abstract: This article focuses on the aesthetic and affective techniques of saturation through which posters legitimated the Party-State in Mao’s China by closing the gap between everyday experience and political ideology. Propaganda posters were designed to put into practice the principle of unity, as conceptua- lised by Mao Zedong. The argument posits that while the “poster” is normally a printed edition of a painting or design intended for mass distribution in this way, the term may fairly be deployed to capture other cultural objects that function as “posters”, in that they provide public, political information that expresses or con- structs a political self in aesthetic form. This approach requires a metonymic understanding of a visual field in which cultural objects are interrelated and mutually reinforcing. The essay draws on recent in-depth interviews with poster artists of the 1960s and 1970s

functionalizationofcarbonnanotubesgraphenebypolyoxometalatesandtheirenhancedphotoelectricalcatalysis

Carbon nanotubes and graphene are carbon-based materials, which possess not only unique structure but also properties such as high surface area, extraordinary mechanical properties, high electronic conductivity, and chemical stability. Thus, they have been regarded as an important material, especially for exploring a variety of complex catalysts. Considerable efforts have been made to functionalize and fabricate carbon-based composites with metal nanoparticles. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of our research on the decoration of carbon nanotubes/graphene with metal nanoparticles by using polyoxometalates as key agents, and their enhanced photo-electrical catalytic activities in various catalytic reactions. The polyoxometalates play a key role in constructing the nanohybrids and contributing to their photo-electrical catalytic properties

Low dielectric constant and highly intrinsic thermal conductivity fluorine‐containing epoxy resins with ordered liquid crystal structures

Abstract Epoxy resins with a high dielectric constant and low intrinsic thermal conductivity coefficient cannot meet the current application requirements of advanced electronic and electrical equipment. Therefore, novel fluorine‐containing liquid crystal epoxy compounds (TFSAEy) with fluorinated groups, biphenyl units, and flexible alkyl chains are first synthesized via amidation and esterification reactions. Then, 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) is used as a curing agent to prepare the corresponding fluorine‐containing liquid crystal epoxy resins. The obtained dielectric constant (ε) and dielectric loss (tan δ) values of TFSAEy/DDM at 1 MHz are 2.54 and 0.025, respectively, which are significantly lower than those of conventional epoxy resins (E‐51/DDM, 3.52 and 0.038). Additionally, the intrinsic thermal conductivity coefficient (λ) of TFSAEy/DDM is 0.36 W/(m·K), 71.4% higher than that of E‐51/DDM (0.21 W/(m·K)). Meanwhile, the corresponding elastic modulus, hardness, glass transition temperature, and heat resistance index of TFSAEy/DDM are 5.73 GPa, 0.35 GPa, 213.5°C, and 188.7°C, respectively, all superior to those of E‐51/DDM (3.68 GPa, 0.27 GPa, 107.2°C, and 174.8°C), presenting potential application in high‐heating electronic component packaging and printed circuit boards

Ultrafast synthesis of isoquercitrin by enzymatic hydrolysis of rutin in a continuous-flow microreactor

Isoquercitrin is a rare flavonol glycoside with a wide range of biological activities and is a key synthetic intermediate for the production of enzymatically modified isoquercitrin. In order to establish an ultrafast bioprocess for obtaining isoquercitrin, a novel continuous flow biosynthesis of isoquercitrin using the hesperidinase-catalyzed hydrolysis of rutin in a glass-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microreactor was first carried out. Using the developed microchannel reactor (200μm width, 50μm depth, and 2 m length) with one T-shaped inlet and one outlet, the maximum yield of isoquercitrin (98.6%) was achieved in a short time (40 min) under the following optimum conditions: rutin concentration at 1 g L-1, hesperidinase concentration at 0.1 g mL-1, reaction temperature at 40°C, and a flow rate at 2 μL min-1. The activation energy value Ea of the enzymatic reaction was 4.61 kJ mol-1, and the reaction rate and volumetric productivity were approximately 16.1-fold and 30% higher, respectively, than those in the batch reactor. Thus, the use of a continuous-flow microreactor for the enzymatic hydrolysis of rutin is an efficient and simple approach to achieve a relative high yield of isoquercitrin

A study of esterification of caffeic acid with methanol using p-toluenesulfonic acid as a catalyst

Caffeic acid (CA) can be considered as an important natural antioxidant. However, the low solubility and stability of CA in various solvent systems is a major limiting factor governing the overall application in the lipid industry, so the synthesis of methyl caffeate (MC)using CA and methanol is a feasible way to improve its lipophilicity. Here, the reaction conditions and kinetic parameters for the synthesis of MC using p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) as a catalyst were firstly investigated, and the product was confirmed byliquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and melting point analysis. The highest yield of MC catalyzed by PTSA reached 84.0% under the optimum conditions as follows: molar ratio of methanol to CA of 20:1, reaction temperature of 65°C, mass ratio of catalyst to substrate of 8 %, and reaction time of 4 h. The esterification kinetics of CA and methanol is described by the pseudo-homogeneous second order reversible model, the relationship between temperature and the forward rate constant is k1 = exp (358.7 - 2111/T), and the activation energy is 17.5 kJ mol-1. These results indicated that the PTSA possesses high catalytic activity in the synthesis of MC, which is an efficient catalyst suitable for MC production in the chemical industry

A study of the law of groundwater seepage movement in a confined aquifer under seismic waves

The classical groundwater seepage theory was established on the basis of the principle of water equilibrium, which cannot explain the phenomenon of well water level change caused by natural seismic activities and other external loads, and is not conducive to the in-depth understanding of the role of groundwater seepage movement in various environmental geological disasters. To solve this problem, a mathematical model of pore pressure change of a confined aquifer driven by seismic wave stress is constructed based on the fluid-structure coupling dynamic theory. The numerical verification of the model is realized by using the software Comsol. The change characteristics of well water level are inversely performed by using the Cooper theory, and the results are compared with the change characteristics of well water level caused by strong earthquakes in the Sichian-Yunnan region. The influencing factors of seepage movement of a confined aquifer under earthquake are studied by changing the simulation parameters. The results show that when seismic wave loads act on the confined aquifers, pore pressure oscillates in the same period as the seismic waves, and the amplitude, frequency and hydraulic slope of the seismic waves have significant effects on the pore pressure, while the coefficient of permeability and porosity have little effect on the change characteristics. At the initial stage of seismic wave loading, pore pressure increases rapidly, and then part of the water in the aquifer is slowly discharged. The load pressure gradually transfers to the granular framework, and the rate of change of pore pressure slows down and tends to reach a new equilibrium. The variation characteristics of well water level are closely related to pore pressure, and the oscillation period and variation pattern are consistent with pore pressure, but the amplitude is different. Generally, the oscillation rises and tends to be stable, which is basically the same with the variation pattern of well water level observed in the Sichuan-Yunnan region. The results are of valuable exploration significance for the establishment and improvement of groundwater seepage theory under stress, and can enrich and expand the research ideas and application fields of traditional groundwater dynamics and classical fluid-structure coupling theory

A bibliometric analysis of microbial forensics from 1984 to 2022: progress and research trends

Microbial forensics is a rapidly evolving discipline that has gained significant momentum in recent years. The study evaluated relevant results over the last four decades from 1984 to 2022 all over the world, aiming to analyze the growing trends and research orientations of microbial forensics. Using “microbial forensics” as the search topic in the Web of Science Core Collection, the systematic retrieval identified 579 documents relevant to the field and draw many statistical tables and maps to make the retrieval results visible. According to further bibliometric analysis, there are an increasing number of publications related to microbial forensics from the overall trend, with the highest number of publications recorded in 2021. In terms of the total number of articles, the USA and China were both the leading contributors to the field among 40 countries. The field has developed rapidly in recent years based on the development of next-generation sequencing. Over the course of its development, there are rich keywords in the research of scholars, which focus on diversity and identification. Moreover, despite the early hot topic being PCR (the use of PCR to probe microorganisms), in recent years, the topics, markers, and the potential application of microorganisms in forensic practice have become hot, which also indicates the future research directions of microbial forensic