Understanding interobserver variability of pathologists to improve oral epithelial dysplasia grading

\ua9 2024 The Author(s). Oral Diseases published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Objective: This study aimed to understand reasons for interobserver variability in the grading of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) through a survey of pathologists to provide insight for improvements in the reliability and reproducibility of OED diagnoses. Methods: The study design included quantitative and qualitative methodology. A pre-validated 31-item questionnaire was distributed to general, head and neck, and oral and maxillofacial histopathology specialists worldwide. Results: A total of 132 pathologists participated and completed the questionnaire. Over two-thirds used the three-tier grading system for OED, while about a third used both binary and three-tier systems. Regular reporters of OED preferred the three-tier system and grading architectural features. Continuing education significantly aided recognition of architectural and cytological changes. Irregular epithelial stratification and drop-shaped rete ridges had the lowest prognostic value and recognition scores, while loss of epithelial cell cohesion had the highest. Most participants used clinical information and often sought a second opinion when grading OED. Conclusion: Our study has found that frequency of OED reporting and attendance of CME/CPD can play an important role in grading OED. Variations in the prognostic value of individual histological features and the use of clinical information may further contribute to interobserver variability

Facilitating Low-Carbon Investments: Lessons from Natural Gas

Decarbonisation of energy and transport infrastructure requires significant private sector investments. The natural gas industry has demonstrated such large scale private sector infrastructure investment over the last decades, typically using long-term contractual arrangements. Are therefore institutional frameworks necessary that facilitate long-term contracting or provide regulation reassuring about future resource streams associated with low-carbon infrastructure - or do factors idiosyncratic to natural gas explain the prevalence of long-term contracts in natural gas infrastructure investment? We identify four reasons for the use of long-term contracting arrangements. The transformation of the natural gas industry and regulatory structure has gradually reduced the rational for three of these reasons, suggesting that remaining rational, securing of revenue streams to finance investments has become the main motivation for the use of long-term contracts. This rational is not idiosyncratic to the natural gas industry, and thus suggests that long-term contracting can also play a significant role in facilitating low-carbon infrastructure investment. We furthermore discuss the role of institutional frameworks necessary for long-term contracting, and identify the significant role governments have been playing in sharing the counterparty risk inherent in long-term contracts

Comment letters to the National Commission on Commission on Fraudulent Financial Reporting, 1987 (Treadway Commission) Vol. 1

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_sop/1661/thumbnail.jp

Tampa Bay: The Climate is Right for Your High Tech Business

The western anchor of Florida\u27s High-Tech corridor, a seven-county region surrounding the beautiful Tampa Bay, is emerging as the next important center of high technology development in the United States. This video tour will show you the converging influences for the clusters of thriving high-tech businesses now calling the Tampa Bay area home.https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/fl_publications/1010/thumbnail.jp

Tampa Bay: The Climate is Right for Your High Tech Business

The western anchor of Florida\u27s High-Tech corridor, a seven-county region surrounding the beautiful Tampa Bay, is emerging as the next important center of high technology development in the United States. This video tour will show you the converging influences for the clusters of thriving high-tech businesses now calling the Tampa Bay area home.https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/fl_publications/1010/thumbnail.jp