Polymorphism at the apical membrane antigen 1 locus reflects the world population history of Plasmodium vivax

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In malaria parasites (genus <it>Plasmodium</it>), <it>ama-1 </it>is a highly polymorphic locus encoding the Apical Membrane Protein-1, and there is evidence that the polymorphism at this locus is selectively maintained. We tested the hypothesis that polymorphism at the <it>ama-1 </it>locus reflects population history in <it>Plasmodium vivax</it>, which is believed to have originated in Southeast Asia and is widely geographically distributed. In particular, we tested for a signature of the introduction of <it>P. vivax </it>into the New World at the time of the European conquest and African slave trade and subsequent population expansion.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>One hundred and five ama<it>-1 </it>sequences were generated and analyzed from samples from six different Brazilian states and compared with database sequences from the Old World. Old World populations of <it>P. vivax </it>showed substantial evidence of population substructure, with high sequence divergence among localities at both synonymous and nonsynonymous sites, while Brazilian isolates showed reduced diversity and little population substructure.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These results show that genetic diversity in <it>P. vivax </it>AMA-1 reflects population history, with population substructure characterizing long-established Old World populations, whereas Brazilian populations show evidence of loss of diversity and recent population expansion.</p> <p>Note</p> <p>Nucleotide sequence data reported is this paper are available in the GenBank™ database under the accession numbers <ext-link ext-link-type="gen" ext-link-id="EF031154">EF031154</ext-link> – <ext-link ext-link-type="gen" ext-link-id="EF031216">EF031216</ext-link> and <ext-link ext-link-type="gen" ext-link-id="EF057446">EF057446</ext-link> – <ext-link ext-link-type="gen" ext-link-id="EF05487">EF057487</ext-link></p

Draft genome sequence of Bacillus thuringiensis strain S1307, an isolate toxic for lepidoptera / Projecto de sequência genómica de Bacillus thuringiensis strain S1307, um tóxico isolado para lepidoptera

The bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces multiple toxins with activity against a diverse range of insect, including Diptera, Coleoptera and Lepidoptera. The Bt strain S1307 contains genes encoding Cry1Ab, Cry1Bc, Cry1Ia, Cry1J, Cry2Aa, Mpp5Aa, Spp1Aa, Vpb1B, Vpb2Bb and Vip3Aa. Genes coding for plant growth promotion metabolic pathway were identified. And the operon which encodes the bacteriocins thuricin 17 and nisin were identified

Draft genome sequence of Bacillus thuringiensis strain s908, an isolate toxic for coleopteran / Projeto de sequência genómica de Bacillus thuringiensis strain s908, um tóxico isolado para coleopteran

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces pore forming toxins that have been used for Diptera, Lepidoptera and Coleoptera pest control in agriculture for many years. This work describes the draft genome sequence of B. thuringiensis S908, which contains the genes cry1B, Vpa, Vpb and Sip. Genes coding for bacteriocin, enhancin, plant growth promotion pathway and tyrosinase were identifie

Draft genome sequence of bacillus thuringiensis S906, a toxic strain to coleoptera and lepidoptera orders / Projeto de sequência do genoma de bacillus thuringiensis S906, uma cepa tóxica para as ordens coleoptera e lepidoptera

Bacillus thuringiensis is an important bacterium which shows insecticide action against several pests. This work describes the draft genome sequence of B. thuringiensis S906, that showed toxicity against insects from Lepidoptera order (Anticarsia gemmatalis, Helicoverpa armigera, Plutella xylostella and Spodoptera frugiperda), and Coleoptera order (Anthonomus grandis) which contains the genes cry1Ba, Vpa, Vpb and Spp1A. Genes coding for bacteriocin, plant growth promotion pathway, tyrosinase and enhancin were also identified

Draft genome sequence of Bacillus thuringiensis strain S601, a toxic strain to Anthonomous grandis / Sequência do genoma de Bacillus thuringiensis strain S601, uma estirpe tóxica para os Anthonomous grandis

Bacillus thuringiensis is an important bacterium showing insecticide proteins effective to control several agricultural pests, including boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boh. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). This work describes the draft genome sequence of B. thuringiensis S601, which contains genes encoding the parasporal crystal cry1B, including other genes, like Vpa, Vpb, Sip and new ones described by new nomenclature of Bt toxins. Genes coding for bacteriocin, plant growth promotion pathway and tyrosinase were also identified

Draft genome sequence of Bacillus thuringiensis strain S1905, an isolate toxic for lepidoptera / Projeto de sequência genómica de Bacillus thuringiensis strain S1905, um tóxico isolado para lepidoptera

Bacillus thuringiensis Cry, Cyt, Vip and, Sip protein families show activity against insects of the orders Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and, Diptera. The Cry action toxins is to lyse midgut epithelial cells by forming pores in the target membrane. This work describes the draft genome sequence of B. thuringiensis S1905, which contains genes encoding Cry1A, Cry1I, Cry2A, Cry8K, and Vip3A. We found the spp1Aa gene and genes coding for plant growth promotion metabolic pathway and Thuricin 17. One gene encoding the toxin enhancin and a locus which encodes the CRISPR were identified

Draft genome sequence of Bacillus thuringiensis strain s1785, an isolate showing insecticidal activity / Sequência do genoma de Bacillus thuringiensis strain s1785, um isolado que mostra actividade insecticida

Bacillus thuringiensis is a Gram-positive bacterium which produces insecticidal proteins effective to control several medical and agriculture insect pests. These proteins belong to the Cry, Cyt, Vip and Sip families. This work describes the draft genome sequence of B. thuringiensis S1785, which contains genes encoding the parasporal crystal cry, like Cry4Aa, Cry4Ba, Cry10Aa, Cry11Aa, Cry60Aa and Cry60Ba and Cyt genes, Mpp60Aa and Mpp60Ba. The gene Spp1Aa was identified in the S1785 genome. Genes coding for plant growth promotion pathway were identified

Draft genome sequence of Bacillus thuringiensis strain S1287, an isolate showing insecticidal activity against coleoptera / Projeto de sequência do genoma de Bacillus thuringiensis strain S1287, um isolado mostrando actividade insecticida contra coleoptera

Bacillus thuringiensis is an important bacterium showing insecticide proteins effective to control several important medical pests, including several Diptera species, like Diptera, Coleoptera and Lepidoptera. This work describes the draft genome sequence of B. thuringiensis S1287, which contains genes encoding the parasporal crystal cry, like Cry1Ab, Cry1Bb, Cry1C, Cry1D, Cry1Fb, Cry1Hb, Cry1Id, Cry1Ja, Cry1Ka and Cry1Nn. The genes belonging to the Vip Family were identified, Vpb1Aa, Vpa2Aa and Vip3Ag. Genes coding for plant growth promotion pathway were found

Draft genome sequence of Bacillus thuringiensis strain S2195, an isolate toxic for lepidoptera / Projeto de sequência do genoma de Bacillus thuringiensis strain S2195, um tóxico isolado para lepidoptera

Bacillus thuringiensis is a Gram-positive bacterium which produces insecticidal proteins effective to control several medical and agriculture insect pests. These proteins belong to the Cry, Cyt, Vip and Sip families. This work describes the draft genome sequence of B. thuringiensis S2193, which contains genes encoding the parasporal crystal cry1Ad, cry1Ca, cry1Da, cry1Fa, cry1Ia, cry2A, cry9Ea and vip3Ca. Genes coding for plant growth promotion pathway were identified. And the operon which encodes the bacteriocin Thuricin 17 were annoted. We found the gene which encodes the toxin enhancin

Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus thuringiensis Strain 907, an Isolate Toxic for Coleopteran / Projecto de Sequência Genómica de Bacillus thuringiensis Strain 907, um Tóxico Isolado para Coleopteran

Bacillus thuringiensis is an important bactéria which shows insecticide action effective to control several Lepidoptera like Anticarsia gemmatalis, Helicoverpa armigera, Plutella xylostella and S. frugiperda, and Coleoptera like A. grandis. This work describes the draft genome sequence of B. thuringiensis S907, which contains the genes cry1Ba1, Vpb1Bc1, Vpa2Bb4 and Sip1Aa1. Genes coding for bacteriocin, plant growth promotion pathway and tyrosinase were identified