29 research outputs found

    Regulation of the follicular growth and of anti-MĂŒllerian hormone production in women

    No full text
    L’hormone anti-MĂŒllerienne (AMH), une glycoprĂ©otĂ©ine exclusivement produite par les cellules de la granulosa (CG) des follicules ovariens de la femme, est un marqueur unique de du statut folliculaire ovarien. Contrairement Ă  l’inhibine B, l’estradiol et la FSH, l’AMH est produite par un large Ă©ventail de follicules allant des follicules primaires aux follicules Ă  petit antrum. Cependant, les mĂ©canismes prĂ©cis rĂ©gulant la production d’AMH par les CG restent mal connus. Nous avons montrĂ© que la sĂ©lection folliculaire prĂ©coce au cours de la phase de transition lutĂ©o-folliculaire, un phĂ©nomĂšne frĂ©quemment retrouvĂ© chez les femmes ayant un vieillissement ovarien, caractĂ©risĂ© par la prĂ©sence d’au moins un follicule surdĂ©veloppĂ© au cours de la phase folliculaire prĂ©coce, n’altĂ©rait pas la puissance de la relation entre le compte folliculaire antral et les concentrations sĂ©riques d’AMH. En revanche, cette situation perturbait significativement celle entre le nombre de follicules antraux et les taux sĂ©riques de FSH, d’inhibine B et d’estradiol. Nous avons par la suite mis en Ă©vidence, en utilisant un nouvel outil, nommĂ© Follicular Output RaTe (FORT), que le pourcentage de follicules qui rĂ©pondent effectivement Ă  la FSH exogĂšne en atteignant la maturation prĂ©-ovulatoire, Ă©tait nĂ©gativement et indĂ©pendamment liĂ© aux taux sĂ©riques d’AMH, ce qui va dans le sens de l’hypothĂšse d’un effet inhibiteur de l’AMH sur la sensibilitĂ© des follicules Ă  la FSH. Ensuite, nous avons regardĂ© si la production d’AMH par ovaire et par follicule Ă©tait altĂ©rĂ©e chez les femmes n’ayant plus qu’un seul ovaire suite Ă  une ovariecomie unilatĂ©rale. En effet, tout indique que chez ces femmes, des rĂ©arrangements majeurs de la folliculogenĂšse sont mis en place pour maintenir une fonction ovarienne malgrĂ© la perte brutale d’une partie du pool folliculaire. Ainsi, par une analyse extensive et comparative de la folliculogenĂšse utilisant des marqueurs hormono-folliculiares, nous n’avons pu mettre aucune modification significative chez les femmes avec un ovaire unique, comparativement aux contrĂŽles. A l’aide du modĂšle prĂ©cĂ©demment utilisĂ©, nous avons constatĂ© une augmentation de la sensibilitĂ© des follicules antraux Ă  la FSH exogĂšne, Ă©valuĂ©e par le FORT, chez des femmes avec un seul ovaire, comparativement aux femmes avec 2 ovaires. Ces rĂ©sultats supportent l’hypothĂšse d’une augmentation de la sensibilitĂ© folliculaire Ă  la FSH, qui pourrait faire partie des possibles mĂ©canismes compensatoires en jeu dans le maintien d’une folliculogenĂšse efficace chez les femmes ayant eu une ovariectomie unilatĂ©rale.Finalement, Ă  l’aide de 2 approches complĂ©mentaires, in vitro and in vivo, nous avons montrĂ© que la FSH et l’AMPc stimulaient la transcription de l’AMH, et que la LH avait un effet additif. Nous avons montrĂ© que les gonadotrophines et l’AMPc agissaient Ă  travers la protĂ©ine kinase A et la P38 MAP Kinase, impliquant notamment les facteurs de transcription GATA binding factor-4 et le steroidogenic factor-1. Par ailleurs, nous avons Ă©galement mis en Ă©vidence que l’expression d’AMH pouvait ĂȘtre rĂ©gulĂ©e de maniĂšre diffĂ©rentielle par l’estradiol, en fonction du type de rĂ©cepteur aux estrogĂšnes exprimĂ©s par les CG. Ainsi, la chute d’expression de l’AMH au sein des CG des follicules matures, qui expriment essentiellement ERÎČ, est probablement liĂ©e Ă  un effet de l’estradiol. En rĂ©sumĂ©, ces travaux de thĂšse ont permis d’apporter de nouvelles donnĂ©es sur la rĂ©gulation de la croissance folliculaire et sur la production d’AMH chez la femme.Anti-MĂŒllerian hormone (AMH), a glycoprotein that is exclusively produced by the granulosa cells (GC) of ovarian follicles in the adult female, is a unique biomarker of ovarian follicular status. In contrast with inhibin B, estradiol and FSH, AMH is produced in a wide range of follicles that goes from the primary to the small antral stages of folliculogenesis. However, the precise mechanisms that drive AMH expression by GC remain poorly understood.We showed that untimely and/or accelerated antral follicle growth during the luteal–follicular transition, a phenomenon that is frequent in ovarian-aged women and that is characterized by the presence of at least one overdeveloped antral follicle during the first days of the follicular phase does not alter the strength of the relationship between antral follicle count and serum AMH levels but does affect the relationship between serum FSH, inhibin B and estradiol levels and the number of antral follicles. The heftiness of AMH in relation to advanced antral follicle growth provides a further explanation for the reported stronger association between serum AMH levels and antral follicle counts as compared with the other hormonal markers of the ovarian fertility status. We subsequently demonstrated, using an innovative tool, the Follicular Output RaTe (FORT), that the percentage of follicles that effectively respond to exogenous FSH by reaching pre-ovulatory maturation is negatively and independently related to serum AMH levels, which is in keeping with the hypothesis that AMH inhibits follicle sensitivity to FSH. Given this hypothesis, we wondered if per-ovary and per-follicle AMH production could be altered in patients having a single ovary as a result of unilateral oophorectomy. Indeed, all indicate that major rearrangements of folliculogenesis occur to preserve and maintain ovarian function despite the abrupt halving of follicular stockpile in these patients. We performed an extensive and comparative evaluation of the folliculogenesis using homono-follicular markers failing to show major changes in unilaterally oophorectomized when compared with control women. Using the same model, we demonstrated an increased antral follicle responsiveness to exogenous FSH, as assessed by FORT, in normo-ovulating unilaterally oophorectomized women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. These results support the hypothesis that increased FSH sensitivity ranks among the possible compensating mechanisms at stake in the maintenance of successful folliculogenesis after unilateral oophorectomy.Finally, using complementary approaches, in vitro and in vivo, we showed that FSH and cAMP enhance AMH transcription, and LH has an additive effect. Gonadotropins and cAMP act through protein kinase A and p38 MAPK signaling pathways and involve the GATA binding factor-4 and steroidogenic factor-1 transcription factors, among others. The expression profile of AMH and the dynamics of serum AMH after gonadotropin stimulation have been interpreted as a down-regulating effect of FSH upon AMH production by GC. We also demonstrated that AMH expression can be differentially regulated by estradiol depending on the estradiol receptors by GC. Therefore the decrease in AMH expression by GC of mature follicles, which mainly express ERÎČ, is likely due to the effect of estradiol.In short, this Ph.D. work offers new insight into the regulation of the follicular growth and AMH production in woman

    Etude de la fonction gonadotrope des femmes acromégales

    No full text
    REIMS-BU Santé (514542104) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Etude comparative des résultats de la maturation ovocytaire in vitro en phase folliculaire ou lutéale chez des patientes candidates à une préservation de la fertilité pour pathologie cancéreuse

    No full text
    Comparer les rĂ©sultats de la maturation ovocytaire in vitro (MIV) avec recueil en phase folliculaire ou lutĂ©ale dans un programme de prĂ©servation de la fertilitĂ© (PF). 99 patientes candidates Ă  une PF d'urgence par MIV ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©es de maniĂšre prospective. Le taux d'AMH sĂ©rique et le compte folliculaire antral (CFA) ont Ă©tĂ© mesurĂ©s avant la ponction d'ovocytes. Les patientes ont Ă©tĂ© sĂ©parĂ©es en 2 groupes selon la phase du cycle au cours de laquelle les ovocytes a Ă©tĂ© recueillis (phase folliculaire, n=60 ; phase lutĂ©ale, n=39). Le nombre d'ovocytes immatures ponctionnĂ©s, les taux de maturation Ă  24 et 48h, le taux de fĂ©condation, le nombre total d'ovocytes matures et d'embryons cryoprĂ©servĂ©s ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©s. Par ailleurs, le rendement de la ponction ovocytaire a Ă©tĂ© calculĂ© selon le rapport CFAx100/nombre d'ovocytes immatures ponctionnĂ©s. Les patientes du groupe folliculaire et lutĂ©ale Ă©taient comparables en terme d'Ăąge (32.4+-4.3 vs 31.1+-4.9 annĂ©es, P=0.513), de taux sĂ©riques d'AMH (3.3+-2.0 vs 4.7+-3.3 ng/mL, P=0.071) et de CFA (17.4+-7.7 vs 20.9+-11.1, P=0.71). Le nombre d'ovocytes immatures ponctionnĂ©s (8.4+-5.0 vs 9.2+-6.7 ovocytes, P=0.426) et le rendement de la ponction (42.6+-2.6 vs 42.4+-2.6 %, P=0.979) Ă©taient Ă©galement similaires. De plus, les taux de maturation aprĂšs 24 et 48h de culture, les taux de fĂ©condation ainsi que le nombre total d'ovocytes et d'embryons cryoprĂ©servĂ©s ne diffĂ©raient pas entre les deux groupes. L'absence de diffĂ©rence dans les taux de maturation et de fĂ©condation des ovocytes immatures prĂ©levĂ©s en phase folliculaire ou lutĂ©ale, fait de la MIV une option de choix pour la PF d'urgence.PARIS6-Bibl.PitiĂ©-SalpĂȘtrie (751132101) / SudocSudocFranceF

    The Impact of Chemotherapy on the Ovaries: Molecular Aspects and the Prevention of Ovarian Damage

    No full text
    Cancer treatment, such as chemotherapy, induces early ovarian follicular depletion and subsequent infertility. In order to protect gametes from the gonadotoxic effects of chemotherapy, several fertility preservation techniques—such as oocyte or embryo cryopreservation with or without ovarian stimulation, or cryopreservation of the ovarian cortex—should be considered. However, these methods may be difficult to perform, and the future use of cryopreserved germ cells remains uncertain. Therefore, improving the methods currently available and developing new strategies to preserve fertility represent major challenges in the area of oncofertility. Animal and ovarian culture models have been used to decipher the effects of different cytotoxic agents on ovarian function and several theories regarding chemotherapy gonadotoxicity have been raised. For example, cytotoxic agents might (i) have a direct detrimental effect on the DNA of primordial follicles constituting the ovarian reserve and induce apoptosis; (ii) induce a massive growth of dormant follicles, which are then destroyed; or (ii) induce vascular ovarian damage. Thanks to improvements in the understanding of the mechanisms involved, a large number of studies have been carried out to develop molecules limiting the negative impact of chemotherapy on the ovaries

    RĂ©gulation de la croissance folliculaire et de la production d'hormone anti-MĂŒllĂ©rienne chez la femme

    No full text
    L hormone anti-MĂŒllerienne (AMH), une glycoprĂ©otĂ©ine exclusivement produite par les cellules de la granulosa (CG) des follicules ovariens de la femme, est un marqueur unique de du statut folliculaire ovarien. Contrairement Ă  l inhibine B, l estradiol et la FSH, l AMH est produite par un large Ă©ventail de follicules allant des follicules primaires aux follicules Ă  petit antrum. Cependant, les mĂ©canismes prĂ©cis rĂ©gulant la production d AMH par les CG restent mal connus. Nous avons montrĂ© que la sĂ©lection folliculaire prĂ©coce au cours de la phase de transition lutĂ©o-folliculaire, un phĂ©nomĂšne frĂ©quemment retrouvĂ© chez les femmes ayant un vieillissement ovarien, caractĂ©risĂ© par la prĂ©sence d au moins un follicule surdĂ©veloppĂ© au cours de la phase folliculaire prĂ©coce, n altĂ©rait pas la puissance de la relation entre le compte folliculaire antral et les concentrations sĂ©riques d AMH. En revanche, cette situation perturbait significativement celle entre le nombre de follicules antraux et les taux sĂ©riques de FSH, d inhibine B et d estradiol. Nous avons par la suite mis en Ă©vidence, en utilisant un nouvel outil, nommĂ© Follicular Output RaTe (FORT), que le pourcentage de follicules qui rĂ©pondent effectivement Ă  la FSH exogĂšne en atteignant la maturation prĂ©-ovulatoire, Ă©tait nĂ©gativement et indĂ©pendamment liĂ© aux taux sĂ©riques d AMH, ce qui va dans le sens de l hypothĂšse d un effet inhibiteur de l AMH sur la sensibilitĂ© des follicules Ă  la FSH. Ensuite, nous avons regardĂ© si la production d AMH par ovaire et par follicule Ă©tait altĂ©rĂ©e chez les femmes n ayant plus qu un seul ovaire suite Ă  une ovariecomie unilatĂ©rale. En effet, tout indique que chez ces femmes, des rĂ©arrangements majeurs de la folliculogenĂšse sont mis en place pour maintenir une fonction ovarienne malgrĂ© la perte brutale d une partie du pool folliculaire. Ainsi, par une analyse extensive et comparative de la folliculogenĂšse utilisant des marqueurs hormono-folliculiares, nous n avons pu mettre aucune modification significative chez les femmes avec un ovaire unique, comparativement aux contrĂŽles. A l aide du modĂšle prĂ©cĂ©demment utilisĂ©, nous avons constatĂ© une augmentation de la sensibilitĂ© des follicules antraux Ă  la FSH exogĂšne, Ă©valuĂ©e par le FORT, chez des femmes avec un seul ovaire, comparativement aux femmes avec 2 ovaires. Ces rĂ©sultats supportent l hypothĂšse d une augmentation de la sensibilitĂ© folliculaire Ă  la FSH, qui pourrait faire partie des possibles mĂ©canismes compensatoires en jeu dans le maintien d une folliculogenĂšse efficace chez les femmes ayant eu une ovariectomie unilatĂ©rale.Finalement, Ă  l aide de 2 approches complĂ©mentaires, in vitro and in vivo, nous avons montrĂ© que la FSH et l AMPc stimulaient la transcription de l AMH, et que la LH avait un effet additif. Nous avons montrĂ© que les gonadotrophines et l AMPc agissaient Ă  travers la protĂ©ine kinase A et la P38 MAP Kinase, impliquant notamment les facteurs de transcription GATA binding factor-4 et le steroidogenic factor-1. Par ailleurs, nous avons Ă©galement mis en Ă©vidence que l expression d AMH pouvait ĂȘtre rĂ©gulĂ©e de maniĂšre diffĂ©rentielle par l estradiol, en fonction du type de rĂ©cepteur aux estrogĂšnes exprimĂ©s par les CG. Ainsi, la chute d expression de l AMH au sein des CG des follicules matures, qui expriment essentiellement ERb, est probablement liĂ©e Ă  un effet de l estradiol. En rĂ©sumĂ©, ces travaux de thĂšse ont permis d apporter de nouvelles donnĂ©es sur la rĂ©gulation de la croissance folliculaire et sur la production d AMH chez la femme.Anti-MĂŒllerian hormone (AMH), a glycoprotein that is exclusively produced by the granulosa cells (GC) of ovarian follicles in the adult female, is a unique biomarker of ovarian follicular status. In contrast with inhibin B, estradiol and FSH, AMH is produced in a wide range of follicles that goes from the primary to the small antral stages of folliculogenesis. However, the precise mechanisms that drive AMH expression by GC remain poorly understood.We showed that untimely and/or accelerated antral follicle growth during the luteal follicular transition, a phenomenon that is frequent in ovarian-aged women and that is characterized by the presence of at least one overdeveloped antral follicle during the first days of the follicular phase does not alter the strength of the relationship between antral follicle count and serum AMH levels but does affect the relationship between serum FSH, inhibin B and estradiol levels and the number of antral follicles. The heftiness of AMH in relation to advanced antral follicle growth provides a further explanation for the reported stronger association between serum AMH levels and antral follicle counts as compared with the other hormonal markers of the ovarian fertility status. We subsequently demonstrated, using an innovative tool, the Follicular Output RaTe (FORT), that the percentage of follicles that effectively respond to exogenous FSH by reaching pre-ovulatory maturation is negatively and independently related to serum AMH levels, which is in keeping with the hypothesis that AMH inhibits follicle sensitivity to FSH. Given this hypothesis, we wondered if per-ovary and per-follicle AMH production could be altered in patients having a single ovary as a result of unilateral oophorectomy. Indeed, all indicate that major rearrangements of folliculogenesis occur to preserve and maintain ovarian function despite the abrupt halving of follicular stockpile in these patients. We performed an extensive and comparative evaluation of the folliculogenesis using homono-follicular markers failing to show major changes in unilaterally oophorectomized when compared with control women. Using the same model, we demonstrated an increased antral follicle responsiveness to exogenous FSH, as assessed by FORT, in normo-ovulating unilaterally oophorectomized women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. These results support the hypothesis that increased FSH sensitivity ranks among the possible compensating mechanisms at stake in the maintenance of successful folliculogenesis after unilateral oophorectomy.Finally, using complementary approaches, in vitro and in vivo, we showed that FSH and cAMP enhance AMH transcription, and LH has an additive effect. Gonadotropins and cAMP act through protein kinase A and p38 MAPK signaling pathways and involve the GATA binding factor-4 and steroidogenic factor-1 transcription factors, among others. The expression profile of AMH and the dynamics of serum AMH after gonadotropin stimulation have been interpreted as a down-regulating effect of FSH upon AMH production by GC. We also demonstrated that AMH expression can be differentially regulated by estradiol depending on the estradiol receptors by GC. Therefore the decrease in AMH expression by GC of mature follicles, which mainly express ERb, is likely due to the effect of estradiol.In short, this Ph.D. work offers new insight into the regulation of the follicular growth and AMH production in woman.PARIS11-SCD-Bib. Ă©lectronique (914719901) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Ovarian cryopreservation after laparoscopic ovariectomy using the Endo-GIA stapling device and LAPRO-clip absorbable ligating clip in a woman: a case report

    No full text
    Abstract Introduction Several options are available for preserving fertility before cytotoxic treatment, including ovarian tissue cryopreservation. Most reported surgical techniques include electrocoagulation. Our hypothesis is that avoidance of electrocoagulation may decrease ovarian cortex injury during cryopreservation procedures. Case presentation We report a laparoscopic technique of whole-ovary removal without coagulation using Endo-GIA forceps and clips. Laparoscopic ovariectomy was performed for cryopreservation in a 37-year-old Caucasian woman with breast cancer and for whom chemotherapy was planned. The procedure was completed quickly and without complication. This Endo-GIA procedure was of short duration with a short period of ischemia before freezing. Conclusion Laparoscopic ovariectomy using the Endo-GIA stapling device procedure without coagulation may diminish ovary injury before ovarian cryopreservation.</p

    A plea for female fertility preservation

    No full text

    Double-in vitro maturation increases the number of vitrified oocytes available for fertility preservation when ovarian stimulation is unfeasible

    No full text
    International audienceWhen ovarian stimulation is unfeasible, in vitro maturation (IVM) represents an alternative option for fertility preservation (FP). This retrospective study aims to evaluate the feasibility of performing within a short time frame two IVM cycles for FP. Seventeen women with breast cancer, 18-40 years of age, having undergone 2 cycles of IVM followed by oocyte vitrification were included. Non parametric analyses were used. No difference was observed between IVM1 and IVM2 outcomes. No complication was reported. The respective contributions of IVM1 and IVM2 for the number of cryopreserved oocytes were comparable irrespective of the delay between both procedures, even when performed during the same menstrual cycle. Those findings suggest that repeating IVM cycles may constitute a safe option for increasing the number of vitrified mature oocytes for FP. These two retrievals may be performed during the same cycle, providing additional argument for a physiologic continuous recruitment during follicular development
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