Роль губернской администрации в преобразовании Тамбова в последней четверти XVIII века

The article describes the process of spatial reorganization of provincial cities in accordance with the ideas expressed in the model of an ideal state formed by Ekaterina II. Town-planning and architectural reorganization of the province is viewed as a component of the ‘cultural charity’ of the provincial authorities or an endeavor to recreate the elements of the metropolitan way of life in the Russian province.  The behavioral model demonstrated by the provincial authorities is considered to be a messianic opportunity to give an example to follow. The article deals with the activities of Tambov governors-general and governors R. I. Vorontsov, M. F. Kaminsky, I. V. Gudovich, G. R. Derzhavin etc.В статье описывается процесс пространственного переустройства губернских городов в соответствии с представлениями, сформированными в идеальной модели государства, созданной Екатериной II. Градостроительное и архитектурное переустройство провинции рассматривается как составная часть «культурной благотворительности» губернского начальства, попытка воссоздания в российской провинции элементов столичного образа жизни. Модель поведения губернского начальства рассматривается как мессианская возможность создания примера для подражания. В статье описана деятельность тамбовских генерал-губернаторов и губернаторов Р. И. Воронцова, М. Ф. Каминского, И. В. Гудовича, Г. Р. Державина и др

Pre-design Optimization of Crude Oil Distillation Flowsheet

Several first principle models of crude oil distillation units were developed in Aspen Plus{TM} for purposes of pre-design optimization of flowsheet structure and apparatus design and choice of the optimal variant of distillation to provide the process flexibility in respect to flowrate of crude oil and oil quality. The developed models consider air temperature and type of crude oil. The two-column flowsheet of crude oil distillation is adopted as basic. The sum of the capital investments and operation costs per year was estimated for the basic flowsheet. Stepwise increasing of crude oil flowrate is used to determine "weak points" of the flowsheet and estimate maximum oil flowrate. Parametrical optimization was performed for each step. The alternative upgrading flowsheets were developed to increase operation effectiveness in a wide range of crude oil flowrates. The optimization criterion was developed to evaluate the relative efficiency of the alternative distillation unit flowsheets. The optimization criterion was a ratio of average annual revenue from the sale of petroleum products to the total costs (capital investments and operational costs) with restrictions on the product quality. The way of re-equipment of the column internals was chosen as a preferable variant

Study the properties of activated carbon and oxyhydroxide aluminum as sorbents for removal humic substances from natural waters

The present work relates to the problem of high-quality drinking water supply using processes of adsorption on activated carbon and aluminum oxyhydroxide for removal humictype organic substances. Also the paper reports on sorbtion properties of the activeted carbon Norit SA UF and oxyhydroxide aluminum for removal humic substances. It was found out that the maximum adsorption capacity of activated carbon to organic substances is equal to 0.25 mg/mg and aluminum oxyhydroxide is equal to 0.3 mg/mg. It is shown that the maximum adsorption capacity of activated carbon Norit SA UF to iron (III) ions is equal to 0.0045 mg/mg and to silicon ions is equal to 0.024 mg/mg. Consequently, the aluminum oxyhydroxide has better adsorption characteristics in comparison with the activated carbon for removal of humic substances, iron and silicon ions. It is associated with the fact that activated carbon has a large adsorption surface, and this is due to its porous structure, but not all molecules can enter into these pores. Therefore, the fibrous structure of aluminum oxyhydroxide promotes better sorption capacity. The presented results suggest that activated carbon Norit SA UF and aluminum oxyhydroxide can be used as sorbents for removal humic substances or other organic substances from groundwater and natural waters

Influence of the type of electric discharge on the properties of the produced aluminium nanoparticles

The effect of the method of aluminum nanopowder production on the aluminum products with water reaction is described. It has been established that the interaction of aluminum nanopowder prepared by the electric wire explosion, the phase composition of the reaction products mainly consists of boehmite (AlOOH) and has a fibrous structure. Therefore, that boehmite (AlOOH) can be used for modification of polymer membranes. The modified membranes can be used as water treatment from the impurity of formed true solutions according to adsorptive mechanism, and from colloidal nanometer and micron particles according to the mechanism of mechanical separation of particles depending on sizes

Influence of concentration modifier on the structure and functional properties of aluminum oxyhydroxide modified

Studying the properties of nanomaterials is an important task, but nanomaterials with desired properties is a promising direction. The aim of this work is to investigate the influence of the value of the concentration of the modifier (ions Mn{2+}) on the structural and functional properties of modified aluminum oxyhydroxide. In this paper, using methods such as the X-ray diffraction studies, differential thermal analysis, electron microscopy, chromatography. The paper found that increasing the concentration of the modifier result in significant changes in the morphology, the appearance of metallic aluminum, which is well seen on X-ray data samples. The influence of thermal effects on a modified aluminum oxyhydroxide argon. Set the phase transition temperatures in the synthesized samples. It is shown that with increasing sodeozhaniya manganese in the composition of the synthesized samples decreases the value of specific surface area. Study of the functional properties showed that the synthesized material has catalytic properties in the oxidation of methane. It is shown that the effective sample is a sample with a manganese content of 2.7 wt. %. By XRD results calcined in air samples modified aluminum oxyhydroxide was shown that only in the sample with a manganese content of 2.7 wt. % MnAl[2]O[4] phase is formed, which is catalytically active phase

Crude Oil Distillation with Superheated Water Steam: Parametrical Sensitivity and Optimization

Stability of crude oil distillation units was analyzed with mathematical models developed using Aspen Hysys. Parametrical sensitivities of light fractions yields, heat duties and steam load of column trays to perturbations of superheated steam flow rate were estimated. Objective function based on the light products yields and energy consumption for distillation was formed. The maxima of the objective function were calculated depending on operational parameters and flow rate of water steam

К ВОПРОСУ ОБ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИИ ПОНЯТИЯ «СОЦИОКУЛЬТУРНОЕ ПРОСТРАНСТВО»

The relevance of the study is justified by the fact that in modern scientific literature there is no common understanding of the phenomenon of socio-cultural space. Works on the development of this concept in modern society is not enough. Often in scientific research it is used without definition and justification.Purpose. The article is devoted to the analysis of the main problems arising in the definition and application of the concept of “socio-cultural space” in research.Methodology. The basis of the research methodology is an analytical review of scientific literature devoted to the development and application of the concept of “socio-cultural space”, the method of dialectics.The theoretical significance of the work lies in the fact that it denotes the problems that need to be taken into account when using the category of “socio-cultural space” in modern studies of culture and society.Results. The results of the work are that the authors, having analyzed the main approaches to the definition and application of the concept of socio-cultural space in the scientific literature, have identified a number of problems faced by researchers: not the correct application of this concept as a universal, all encompassing categories that do not require justification for its use; the unjustified shift of emphasis between the basic concepts of “cultural” and “social”, which leads to a change in the meaning of the concept of “socio-cultural space”, and, consequently, to errors in the application of socio-cultural methodology; the ambiguous meaning of the concept of “socio-cultural space” makes it difficult to apply this category in the study of the phenomena of the information society.Актуальность исследования обоснована тем, что в современной научной литературе отсутствует единое понимание феномена социокультурного пространства. Работ, посвященных разработке этого понятия в условиях современного общества недостаточно. Часто в научных исследованиях оно используется без определения и обоснования.Цель. Статья посвящена анализу основных проблем, возникающих при определении и применении в исследованиях понятия «социокультурное пространство».Методология проведения работы. Основа методологии исследования – аналитический обзор научной литературы, посвященной разработке и применению понятия «социокультурное пространство», метод диалектики.Теоретическая значимость работы заключается в том, что она обозначает проблемы, возникновение которых необходимо учитывать при использовании категории «социокультурное пространство» в современных исследованиях культуры и общества.Результаты. Результаты работы заключаются в том, что авторы, проанализировав основные подходы к определению и применению понятия социокультурного пространства в научной литературе, выявили ряд проблем, с которыми сталкиваются исследователи: не корректное применение этого понятия как универсальной, все охватывающей категории, не требующей обоснования ее использования; необоснованное смещение акцентов между основными концептами «культурное» и «социальное», что приводит к изменению смысла понятия «социокультурное пространство», а, следовательно, и к ошибкам в применении социокультурной методологии; многозначный смысл понятия «социокультурное пространство» затрудняет применение этой категории в исследованиях феноменов информационного общества

Deformations of Existing Buildings, Caused by Construction Activities

Construction of a new building (NB) affects existing adjacent old buildings (OB) during pit excavation, piling, footing and NB erection. Two relevant history cases are described. In the first one, the graphs of OB settlements versus distance from the pit are given for the period of pit excavation and the total settlements for the period of NB erection. The second case gives the family of OB settlement time-related graphs versus distance from the pit, in which these settlements were caused by piling operations

Thrust Vector Control within a Geometric Sphere, and the Use of Euler's Tips to Create Jet Technology

This study aims to study the issues of choosing promising directions for the development of jet technology with the creation of energy-conserving technologies. The purpose of this article is to study the issues of choosing promising directions for the development of jet technology with the creation of energy-saving. Methodological approaches have been developed for solving inventive problems within the framework of training modern designers-inventors. A new patentable jet unit has been developed and presented, which makes it possible to control the thrust vector within a complete geometric sphere (when the thrust vector is capable of deviating to any angle ranging from +180° to -180°). For the first time, demonstration versions of a nozzle apparatus capable of realizing such flow reversals through annular channels are shown. The results of computer modeling of nozzle devices are focused on energy, production, and processing of hydrocarbons when distributing energy flows at process facilities. The individual results of the ongoing work can also be used in other industries, for instance, in the creation of small-sized high-speed unmanned vehicles for search and rescue operations. Proposals have been prepared to improve the methodology for solving inventive problems as part of the development of Leonard Euler’s ideas. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-10-011 Full Text: PD

КОНФЛИКТОГЕННОСТЬ СИСТЕМЫ ЦИФРОВОГО ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ РОССИИ

The prolonged crisis in the educational system in our country is associated with the General economic situation, accompanied by constant social transformations. The first and serious stress the higher education system as a social phenomenon received in the process of Informatization. As a result, there were serious contradictions between the traditional and informational elements of this system. Pedagogical conflict is one of the basic contradictions of modern society. Research on conflicts in the digital education system is conducted in various fields of scientific knowledge and is still fragmented. To develop comprehensive measures to prevent the development of conflict in education, it is necessary to systematize the possible causes of this type of conflict. The subject of the research is to identify and systematize the causes of pedagogical conflict in modern society in the context of digitalization of the higher education system in Russia. The method of analytical review, comparison, generalization, activity approach, and principles of dialectics were used as the research methodology. The main conclusions of the study are the assumption that even with the partial transition of higher education to digital format, the degree of conflict between the main elements of not only pedagogical activity, but also between the spheres of public life increases. Digital education, as a basic element of the digital economy, increases the overall level of conflict in society. The pedagogical conflict in digital education is still poorly understood and requires systematic research in the field of psychological, pedagogical, philosophical and social Sciences. It is necessary to develop a typology of pedagogical conflict in digital education, study new models of pedagogical interaction, and conduct serious and large-scale sociological research of this type of conflict.Затяжной кризис в образовательной системе в нашей стране связан с общей экономической ситуацией, сопровождаемый постоянными социальными преобразованиями. Первый и серьезный стресс система высшего образования как социальный феномен получила в процессе информатизации. В результате возникли серьезные противоречия между традиционными и информационными элементами данной системы. Педагогический конфликт – одно из базовых противоречий современного общества. Исследования конфликтов в системе цифрового образования ведутся в различных сферах научного знания и пока имеют разрозненный характер. Для разработки комплексных мер по предупреждению развития конфликтогенности в образовании необходима систематизация возможных причин данного вида конфликтов. Предметом исследования является выявление и систематизация причин педагогического конфликта в современном социуме в условиях цифровизации системы высшего образования в России. В качестве методологии исследования использовался метод аналитического обзора, сравнения, обобщения, деятельностный подход, принципы диалектики. Основными выводами проведенного исследования является предположение о том, что даже при частичном переходе высшего образования в цифровой формат возрастает степень конфликтогенности между основными элементами не только педагогической деятельности, но и между сферами общественной жизни. Цифровое образование, являясь базовым элементом цифровой экономики, повышает общий уровень конфликтогенности в социуме. Педагогический конфликт в цифровом образовании сегодня пока еще мало изучен и требует системных исследований в сфере психолого-педагогических, философских и социальных наук. Необходима разработка типологии педагогического конфликта в цифровом образовании, изучение новых моделей педагогического взаимодействия и проведение серьезных и масштабных социологических исследований данного вида конфликтов