Predictors of patient satisfaction after reverse shoulder arthroplasty

© 2019 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees Hypothesis: The aims of this study were to determine patient satisfaction and to identify predictors of satisfaction after reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). We hypothesized that the majority of patients would be satisfied after RSA and that patients with worse preoperative mental and physical health would be less satisfied. Methods: Satisfaction was assessed 2 years after primary RSA with domains for pain, work, activities, quality of life, and overall satisfaction. Preoperative and postoperative patient-reported factors were measured using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) shoulder score, Shoulder Activity Scale score, Short Form 12 (SF-12) mental and physical component summary scores, and visual analog scale (VAS) pain, fatigue, and general health scores. Pearson correlations were used to determine the relationship between patient-reported factors and satisfaction. Multivariate regression was performed to control for potential confounding variables. Results: A total of 161 patients were evaluated at 2 years postoperatively. Patients were “very satisfied” in an average of 3.3 of the 5 domains. Improvements in ASES, Shoulder Activity Scale, VAS pain, and SF-12 physical component summary scores were associated with higher satisfaction, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.27 to 0.49. On multivariate analysis, patients with higher preoperative ASES scores were less satisfied after surgery (P = .005). In addition, patients with worse VAS fatigue (P = .011) and SF-12 mental (P = .034) and physical (0.011) component summary scores preoperatively had lower satisfaction. Conclusion: Improvements in pain and outcome scores are associated with increased satisfaction. Patients with higher shoulder function, worse physical health, and worse mental health prior to surgery are more likely to have lower satisfaction after RSA

Too clean, or not too clean: the hygiene hypothesis and home hygiene.

The 'hygiene hypothesis' as originally formulated by Strachan, proposes that a cause of the recent rapid rise in atopic disorders could be a lower incidence of infection in early childhood, transmitted by unhygienic contact with older siblings. Use of the term 'hygiene hypothesis' has led to several interpretations, some of which are not supported by a broader survey of the evidence. The increase in allergic disorders does not correlate with the decrease in infection with pathogenic organisms, nor can it be explained by changes in domestic hygiene. A consensus is beginning to develop round the view that more fundamental changes in lifestyle have led to decreased exposure to certain microbial or other species, such as helminths, that are important for the development of immunoregulatory mechanisms. Although this review concludes that the relationship of the hypothesis to hygiene practice is not proven, it lends strong support to initiatives seeking to improve hygiene practice. It would however be helpful if the hypothesis were renamed, e.g. as the 'microbial exposure' hypothesis, or 'microbial deprivation' hypothesis, as proposed for instance by Bjorksten. Avoiding the term 'hygiene' would help focus attention on determining the true impact of microbes on atopic diseases, while minimizing risks of discouraging good hygiene practice

Colite alérgica: características clínicas e morfológicas da mucosa retal em lactentes com enterorragia Allergic colitis: clinical and morphological aspects in infants with rectal bleeding

RACIONAL: Recentes estudos indicam a importância do infiltrado eosinofílico na mucosa retal que, juntamente com os dados clínicos, pode servir para estabelecer o diagnóstico de colite alérgica. OBJETIVOS: Descrever, prospectivamente, as características clínicas e a morfologia da mucosa retal em pacientes com enterorragia e suspeita diagnóstica de alergia às proteínas do leite de vaca. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 20 pacientes, menores de 6 meses para descrever suas características clínicas e a histologia da mucosa retal que foi comparada com um grupo controle, com suspeita de megacólon congênito. RESULTADOS: A idade média dos pacientes foi 97 &plusmn; 47 dias; enterorragia teve início antes dos 120 dias em 85% deles; em vigência de aleitamento materno (40%) artificial ou misto (60%). O achado histológico, estatisticamente significativo, foi o infiltrado aumentado de eosinófilos, na mucosa retal, em 18 pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: Pode-se afirmar que esses achados constituem, associados aos dados clínicos, os mais importantes elementos no diagnóstico de colite alérgica, em pacientes menores de 6 meses com enterorragia, que estejam recebendo aleitamento materno e/ou aleitamento artificial.<br>BACKGROUND: Recent studies indicate the importance of eosinophilis infiltrated in the rectal mucous which jointly with the clinical features can serve to establish the diagnostic of allergic colitis. AIM: To describe prospectively, the clinical features and morphological abnormalities of the rectal mucosa in patients with rectal bleeding and clinical diagnosis of cow's milk allergy. METHODS: Clinical features of 20 infants under 6 months of age were described. Morphological findings in rectal mucosa were compared with control group, with suspicion of congenital megacolon. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 97 &plusmn; 47 days, rectal bleeding started before 120 days in 85% of them; 40% were breastfed, 60% cow's milk formula or both. The most striking morphological feature, in 18 patients, was eosinophilic infiltration in the rectal mucosa. There was a significant statistical difference when these values were compared with control group. CONCLUSIONS: The increased number of eosinophils in the rectal mucosa represent the most important characteristic of allergic colitis, in patients under 6 months, with rectal bleeding, when breastfed, cow's milk formula or both