1,154 research outputs found
A non-LTE study of neutral and singly-ionized iron line spectra in 1D models of the Sun and selected late-type stars
A comprehensive model atom for Fe with more than 3000 energy levels is
presented. As a test and first application of this model atom, Fe abundances
are determined for the Sun and five stars with well determined stellar
parameters and high-quality observed spectra. Non-LTE leads to systematically
depleted total absorption in the Fe I lines and to positive abundance
corrections in agreement with the previous studies, however, the magnitude of
non-LTE effect is smaller compared to the earlier results. Non-LTE corrections
do not exceed 0.1 dex for the solar metallicity and mildly metal-deficient
stars, and they vary within 0.21 dex and 0.35 dex in the very metal-poor stars
HD 84937 and HD 122563, respectively, depending on the assumed efficiency of
collisions with hydrogen atoms. Based on the analysis of the Fe I/Fe II
ionization equilibrium in these two stars, we recommend to apply the Drawin
formalism in non-LTE studies of Fe with a scaling factor of 0.1. For the Fe II
lines, non-LTE corrections do not exceed 0.01 dex in absolute value. The solar
non-LTE abundance obtained from 54 Fe I lines is 7.56+-0.09 and the abundance
from 18 Fe II lines varies between 7.41+-0.11 and 7.56+-0.05 depending on the
source of the gf-values. Thus, gf-values available for the iron lines are not
accurate enough to pursue high-accuracy absolute abundance determinations.
Lines of Fe I give, on average, a 0.1 dex lower abundance compared to those of
Fe II lines for HD 61421 and HD 102870, even when applying a differential
analysis relative to the Sun. A disparity between Fe I and Fe II points to
problems of stellar atmosphere modelling or/and effective temperature
determination.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures, online material, accepted by A&
Failure of psychiatric referrals from the pediatric emergency department
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Recognition of mental illness in the pediatric emergency department (PED) followed by brief, problem oriented interventions may improve health-care seeking behavior and quality of life. The objective of this study was to compare the frequency of mental health follow up after an enhanced referral compared to a simple referral in children presenting to the PED with unrecognized mental health problems.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A prospective randomized control trial comparing an enhanced referral vs. simple referral in 56 families of children who were screened for mental health symptoms was performed in a large tertiary care PED. Children presenting to the PED with stable medical problems were approached every fourth evening for enrollment. After consent/assent was obtained, children were screened for a mental health problem using both child and parent reports of the DISC Predictive Scales. Those meeting cutoffs for a mental health problem by either parent or child report were randomized to 1) simple referral (phone number for mental health evaluation by study psychiatrist) or 2) enhanced referral (short informational interview, appointment made for child, reminder 2 days before and day of interview for an evaluation by study psychiatrist). Data analysis included descriptive statistics and Chi-Square test to calculate the proportion of children with mental health problems who completed mental health follow-up with and without the enhanced referral.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 69 families were enrolled. Overall 56 (81%) children screened positive for a mental health problem as reported by either the child (self report) or mother (maternal report of child mental health problem). Of these, 33 children were randomized into the enhanced referral arm and 23 into the simple referral arm. Overall, only 6 families with children screening positive for a mental health problem completed the psychiatric follow up evaluation, 2 in the enhanced referral arm and 4 in the simple referral arm (p = .13).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Children screened in the ED for unrecognized mental health problems are very unlikely to follow-up for a mental health evaluation with or without an enhanced referral. Understanding the role of ED based mental health screening and the timing of an intervention is key in developing ED based mental health interventions.</p
Reliability of an integrated ultrasound and stereophotogrammetric system for lower limb anatomical characterisation
Background. Lower extremity analysis for preoperative total knee and hip arthroplasty routines can increase surgery success rate
and hence reduce associated costs. Current tools are limited by being invasive, limited to supine analysis, or too expensive. This
study aimed to propose and validate a device, OrthoPilot®, based on the combined use of a stereophotogrammetric and
ultrasound system which can in vivo and noninvasively measure varus/valgus, flexion/extension, femur and tibia torsion, and
femur and tibia lengths. Methods. A phantom was measured by four operators to determine the resolution of the system.
Interoperator variability was measured on three operators who measured the above six variables on both legs of three subjects in
standing and supine positions. Intraoperator variability was assessed on data from three repeats from 9 subjects (18 legs).
Results. All 6 variables were reliably detected on a phantom, with a resolution of 1 mm and 0.5°
. Inter- and intraoperator
consistency was observed for varus/valgus, flexion/extension, and length measurements on the healthy subjects in standing and
supine positions (all ICC > 0.93). For torsion measurements, there was a considerable variation. Conclusion. The proposed
system, when used on healthy subjects, allowed reliable measurements of key parameters for preoperative procedures in both
supine and standing positions. Accuracy testing and further validation on patient populations will be the next step toward its
clinical adoption
Germanium Plasmonic Nanoantennas for Third-Harmonic Generation in the Mid Infrared
We explore the nonlinear optical properties of plasmonic semiconductor antennas resonant in the mid infrared. The nanostructures are fabricated on silicon substrates from heavily doped germanium films with a plasma frequency of 30 THz, equivalent to a wavelength of 10 ÎĽm. Illumination with ultrashort pulses at 10.8 ÎĽm produces coherent emission at 3.6 ÎĽm via third-harmonic generation
Theory of extraordinary optical transmission through subwavelength hole arrays
We present a fully three-dimensional theoretical study of the extraordinary
transmission of light through subwavelength hole arrays in optically thick
metal films. Good agreement is obtained with experimental data. An analytical
minimal model is also developed, which conclusively shows that the enhancement
of transmission is due to tunneling through surface plasmons formed on each
metal-dielectric interfaces. Different regimes of tunneling (resonant through a
''surface plasmon molecule", or sequential through two isolated surface
plasmons) are found depending on the geometrical parameters defining the
system.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Systematic NLTE study of the -2.6 < [Fe/H] < 0.2 F and G dwarfs in the solar neighbourhood. I. Stellar atmosphere parameters
We present atmospheric parameters for 51 nearby FG dwarfs uniformly
distributed over the -2.60 < [Fe/H] < +0.20 metallicity range that is suitable
for the Galactic chemical evolution research. Lines of iron, Fe I and Fe II,
were used to derive a homogeneous set of effective temperatures, surface
gravities, iron abundances, and microturbulence velocities. We used
high-resolution (R>60000) Shane/Hamilton and CFHT/ESPaDOnS observed spectra and
non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) line formation for Fe I and Fe II in
the classical 1D model atmospheres. The spectroscopic method was tested with
the 20 benchmark stars, for which there are multiple measurements of the
infrared flux method (IRFM) Teff and their Hipparcos parallax error is < 10%.
We found NLTE abundances from lines of Fe I and Fe II to be consistent within
0.06 dex for every benchmark star, when applying a scaling factor of S_H = 0.5
to the Drawinian rates of inelastic Fe+H collisions. The obtained atmospheric
parameters were checked for each program star by comparing its position in the
log g-Teff plane with the theoretical evolutionary track in the Yi et al.
(2004) grid. Our final effective temperatures lie in between the T_IRFM scales
of Alonso et al. (1996) and Casagrande et al. (2011), with a mean difference of
+46 K and -51 K, respectively. NLTE leads to higher surface gravity compared
with that for LTE. The shift in log g is smaller than 0.1 dex for stars with
either [Fe/H] > -0.75, or Teff 4.20. NLTE analysis is
crucial for the VMP turn-off and subgiant stars, for which the shift in log g
between NLTE and LTE can be up to 0.5 dex. The obtained atmospheric parameters
will be used in the forthcoming papers to determine NLTE abundances of
important astrophysical elements from lithium to europium and to improve
observational constraints on the chemo-dynamical models of the Galaxy
evolution.Comment: 18 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in Ap
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