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Fully automatic calibration of gauge blocks by using phase shifting interferometry

Es wird ein Verfahren vorgestellt, mit dem sich Parallelendmaße vollautomatisch kalibrieren lassen. Dabei werden alle wichtigen Kenngrößen inklusive einer Topographie der Endmaßmeßfläche in einem einzigen Meßvorgang bestimmt. Bei der Kalibrierung von Parallelendmaßen wird die Länge eines Parallelendmaßes mit einer bekannten Lichtwellenlänge in einem Interferenzkomparator (i. e. modifiziertes Michelson-Interferometer) verglichen. Zur Messung wird das Endmaß auf eine Anschubplatte angeschoben, so daß die Meßfläche des Endmaßes und die Anschubplatte eine Stufe bilden, die der Länge des Endmaßes entspricht. Im Interferenzkomparator ersetzen das Endmaß und die Anschubplatte einen der beiden Spiegel. Für die Interferenzphasenbestimmung wurde ein Interferenzkomparator für die Phasenverschiebungsinterferometrie umgerüstet. Dabei wird das Interferenzbild auf die Matrix einer elektronischen Kamera abgebildet. Es werden nacheinander einzelne Interferenzbilder aufgezeichnet, für die der Gangunterschied der interferierenden Wellen in definierter Weise verändert wurde. Aus diesen einzelnen Interferenzbildern läßt sich anschließend für jeden Bildpunkt die Interferenzphase berechnen. Über ein Steuer- und Auswerteprogramm erfolgt der Meßablauf vollautomatisch. Dazu steuert das Programm zunächst die Aufnahme der Interferenzbilder für die Berechnung der benötigten Interferenzphasen. Eine anschließende Bildauswertung lokalisiert u.a. das Endmaß im Gesichtsfeld und bereitet die Bilddaten auf, bevor die Kenndaten des Endmaßes vom Programm ermittelt werden.A technique is presented, with which gauge blocks can be calibrated fully automatic. All important characteristics including a topography of the gauge block measuring surface are determined in only one measuring procedure. During calibration process the length of a gauge block is compared with well-known wavelengths of light in an interference comparator (i. e. modified Michelson interferometer). For measurement the gauge block is wrung on a wringing plate, so that the measuring surface of the gauge block and the wringing plate form a stage, which corresponds to the length of the gauge block. In the interference comparator the gauge block wrung on the plate replaces one of the two mirrors of the interferometer. For phase determination an existing interference comparator was reequipped for phase stepping interferometry. The interference pattern is depicted on the matrix of an electronic camera. Interference patterns are depicted one after another, for which the phase variation of the interfering waves was changed in defined way. From these interference patterns the interference phase can be computed afterwards for each pixel. A controlling and analysing program performs the measuring fully automatic. For that purpose the program controls first the recording of the interference patterns for the computation of the interference phases. Then a image processing routine locates the gauge block in the visual field and prepares the data, before the characteristic data of the gauge block is determined by the program

EXTREMOPHILIC HOMOCETOGENIC BACTERIA: PHYSIOLOGY, METABOLISM AND BIO-TECHNOLOGICAL POTENTIAL

The work covers the homoacetogenic bacteria of the extremophilic inhabitation places. The aim is to study the special features of the physiology and metabolism, regularities of their existence in the thermophilic and halophilic associations, to study the possibilities of their application in the bio-technology as acetate producers. It has been determined that the special physiological-biochemical features of the homoacetogenic bacteria determine their key role in the extremophilic microbic associations. The factors regulating the growth and activity of the key matabolism enzymes have been revealed. It has been specified that the catalytic properties of the hydrogenases determine their ability to the hygrogen metabolism. The role of the natrium energetics as a procedure of providing energy among extreme-halophilic bacteria has been specified. The biocatalytic system of creating acetate at the expense of conversing gas substrates on base of the immobilized cells of the thermophilic acetogenes has been developed that is a supposition for creation of the new bio-technologies.Available from VNTIC / VNTIC - Scientific & Technical Information Centre of RussiaSIGLERURussian Federatio

Safety and efficacy of rasagiline as an add-on therapy to riluzole in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial

Background Rasagiline, a monoamine oxidase B inhibitor with neuroprotective potential in Parkinson's disease, has shown a disease-modifying effect in the SOD1-Gly93Ala low-expressing mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, both alone and in combination with riluzole. We sought to test whether or not rasagiline 1 mg/day can prolong survival in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis also receiving riluzole. Methods Patients with possible, probable, or definite amyotrophic lateral sclerosis were enrolled to our randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, double-blind, phase 2 trial from 15 German network for motor neuron diseases (MND-NET) centres (university hospitals or clinics). Eligible patients were aged at least 18 years, had onset of progressive weakness within the 36 months before the study, had disease duration of more than 6 months and less than 3 years, and had a best-sitting slow vital capacity of at least 50%. After a 4-week screening period, eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either rasagiline (1 mg/day) or placebo in addition to riluzole (100 mg/day), after stratification for site of onset (bulbar or spinal) and study centre. Patients and all personnel assessing outcome parameters were masked to treatment allocation. Patients were followed up 2, 6, 12, and 18 months after randomisation. The primary endpoint was survival time, defined as the time to death or time to study cutoff date (ie, the last patient's last visit plus 14 days). Analyses of primary outcome and safety measures were done in all patients who received at least one dose of trial treatment (intention-to-treat population). The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01879241. Findings Between July 2, 2013, and Nov 11, 2014, 273 patients were screened for eligibility, and 252 patients were randomly assigned to receive rasagiline (n=127) or placebo (n=125). 126 patients taking rasagiline and 125 taking placebo were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. For the primary outcome, the survival probability at the end of the study was 0.43 (95% CI 0.25-0.59) in the rasagiline group (n=126) and 0.53 (0.43-0.62) in the placebo group (n=125). The estimated effect size (hazard ratio) was 0.91 (one-sided 97.5% CI -infinity to 1.34; p=0.31). Rasagiline was well tolerated, and most adverse events were due to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis disease progression rather than treatment; the most frequent of these were dysphagia (32 [25%] taking rasagiline vs 24 [19%] taking placebo) and respiratory failure (25 [20%] vs 31 [25%]). Frequency of adverse events were comparable between both groups. Interpretation Rasagiline was safe in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. There was no difference between groups in the primary outcome of survival, although post-hoc analysis suggested that rasagiline might modify disease progression in patients with an initial slope of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale Revised greater than 0.5 points per month at baseline. This should be confirmed in another clinical trial. Copyright (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved