Neural and behavioral traces of error awareness

Monitoring for errors and behavioral adjustments after errors are essential for daily life. A question that has not been addressed systematically yet, is whether consciously perceived errors lead to different behavioral adjustments compared to unperceived errors. Our goal was to develop a task that would enable us to study different commonly observed neural correlates of error processing and post-error adjustments in their relation to error awareness and accuracy confidence in a single experiment. We assessed performance in a new number judgement error awareness task in 70 participants. We used multiple, robust, single-trial EEG regressions to investigate the link between neural correlates of error processing (e.g., error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe)) and error awareness. We found that only aware errors had a slowing effect on reaction times in consecutive trials, but this slowing was not accompanied by post-error increases in accuracy. On a neural level, error awareness and confidence had a modulating effect on both the ERN and Pe, whereby the Pe was most predictive of participants’ error awareness. Additionally, we found partial support for a mediating role of error awareness on the coupling between the ERN and behavioral adjustments in the following trial. Our results corroborate previous findings that show both an ERN/Pe and a post-error behavioral adaptation modulation by error awareness. This suggests that conscious error perception can support meta-control processes balancing the recruitment of proactive and reactive control. Furthermore, this study strengthens the role of the Pe as a robust neural index of error awareness

Characteristics of the nuclear (18S, 5.8S, 28S and 5S) and mitochondrial (12S and 16S) rRNA genes of Apis mellifera (Insecta: Hymenoptera): structure, organization, and retrotransposable elements

As an accompanying manuscript to the release of the honey bee genome, we report the entire sequence of the nuclear (18S, 5.8S, 28S and 5S) and mitochondrial (12S and 16S) ribosomal RNA (rRNA)-encoding gene sequences (rDNA) and related internally and externally transcribed spacer regions of Apis mellifera (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apocrita). Additionally, we predict secondary structures for the mature rRNA molecules based on comparative sequence analyses with other arthropod taxa and reference to recently published crystal structures of the ribosome. In general, the structures of honey bee rRNAs are in agreement with previously predicted rRNA models from other arthropods in core regions of the rRNA, with little additional expansion in non-conserved regions. Our multiple sequence alignments are made available on several public databases and provide a preliminary establishment of a global structural model of all rRNAs from the insects. Additionally, we provide conserved stretches of sequences flanking the rDNA cistrons that comprise the externally transcribed spacer regions (ETS) and part of the intergenic spacer region (IGS), including several repetitive motifs. Finally, we report the occurrence of retrotransposition in the nuclear large subunit rDNA, as R2 elements are present in the usual insertion points found in other arthropods. Interestingly, functional R1 elements usually present in the genomes of insects were not detected in the honey bee rRNA genes. The reverse transcriptase products of the R2 elements are deduced from their putative open reading frames and structurally aligned with those from another hymenopteran insect, the jewel wasp Nasonia (Pteromalidae). Stretches of conserved amino acids shared between Apis and Nasonia are illustrated and serve as potential sites for primer design, as target amplicons within these R2 elements may serve as novel phylogenetic markers for Hymenoptera. Given the impending completion of the sequencing of the Nasonia genome, we expect our report eventually to shed light on the evolution of the hymenopteran genome within higher insects, particularly regarding the relative maintenance of conserved rDNA genes, related variable spacer regions and retrotransposable elements

Le savant et son époque à travers sa correspondance Seeger A. Bonebakker (1923-2005) et quelques notes sur Ḫalīl b. Aybak al-Ṣafadī (696-764/1297-1363)

This article proposes a survey of two great scholars’ in Arabic literature correspondences: a European of the 20th century, Seeger Adrianus Bonebakker, who is of special interest for us because he bequeathed all of his great library, personal notes and correspondence to Università Ca’ Foscari, and a subject of study of the former, Ḫalīl b. Aybak al-Ṣafadī, great littérateur and scholar of the first century of the Mamluk period. Letters sent and received are preserved in both cases and are primary sources on their network, but also on their personal life, personality and methodology

Human rhinovirus 2: complete nucleotide sequence and proteolytic processing signals in the capsid protein region.

cDNA clones representing the entire genome of human rhinovirus 2 have been obtained and used to determine the complete nucleotide sequence. The genome consists of 7102 nucleotides and possesses a long open reading frame of 6450 nucleotides; this reading frame is initiated 611 nucleotides from the 5' end and stops 42 nucleotides from the polyA tract. The N-terminal sequences of three of the viral capsid proteins have been elucidated, thus defining the positions of three cleavage sites on the polyprotein. The extensive amino acid sequence homology with poliovirus and human rhinovirus 14 enabled the other cleavage sites to be predicted. Cleavages in the 3' half of the molecule appear to take place predominantly at Gln-Gly pairs, whereas those in the 5' half (including the capsid proteins) are more heterogeneous

Unterschiede zwischen amerikanischen und deutschen Endlagerstrategien Auswertung eines deutsch-amerikanischen Erfahrungsaustausches vom 9. bis 19. Maerz 1987

Available from GRM Werbeberatung - Werbemittlung - PR, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen (DE) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Sicherheitsanalyse des Endlagers fuer radioaktive Abfaelle Morsleben (ERAM)

Available from TIB Hannover: RO 3190(281) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Pumplaser fuer optische Faserverstaerker Schlussbericht

RW pumplasers for Er"3"+-doped fibre amplifiers have been realized with an emission wavelength of 980 nm, which based on MOVPE-grown pseudomorphic InGaAs-QW GaAs/AlGaAs-SCH. With DC driving currents I=210 mA an emission power P#>=#150 mW in the fundamental mode has been achieved at facet coated and soldered chips. In pulse regime up to I=1 A a power >700 mW has been measured. The internal optical losses of the laser chip were lowered to #alpha#_i#<=#3 cm"-"1. This enabled the enhancement of the external efficiency up to 0,9 mW/mA. To reduce the veritical far-field angle special LOC structures have been developed with an InGaAs-DQW as active layer. The far-field angle was below 35 . Investigations of the long-term behaviour demonstrated degradation rates #beta#<5 x 10"-"5/h at 40 C and emission powers of 90 mW. The best value was 3 x 10"-"6/h at 70 mW over 3000 h. The analysis of nonradiative currents provided hints to a screening with respect to facet erosions. (orig.)Available from TIB Hannover: F97B154+a / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEBundesministerium fuer Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie, Bonn (Germany)DEGerman