In vitro cultures of plants from the rhamnaceae: Shoot propagation and anthraquinones production

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of physical and chemical features on metabolic production in plant cell culture. The best multiplication of Frangula alnus Mill. shoots (8.84 +/- 1.11) was obtained on woody plant medium ( WPM) medium with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (0.1 mg l(-1)) and 6-benzylaminapurine (BAP) (1.0 mg l(-1)), but the highest metabolite production (1731 mg/100 g of total anthraquinone (AQ) aglycones) was in the shoots grown on the MS medium with addition of 1-naphthilaceneacetic (NAA) (0.1 mg l(-1)) and thidiazuron (TDZ) (0.1 mg l(-1)). The best multiplication of Frangula rupestris (Scop.) Schur. shoots (6.20 +/- 0.53) was obtained on MS medium supplemented with BAP (0.5 mg l(-1)). The highest metabolite production (451 mg/100 g of total anthraquinone aglycones) was in the shoots grown on medium with 2,4-D (0.1 mg l(-1)) and BAP (0.5 mg l(-1)). For the multiplication of Rhamnus catharticus L. shoots, the best results (2.8 +/- 0.7) were obtained on the medium with combination of 2,4-D (0.1 mg l(-1)) and kinetine (Kin) (1.0 mg l(-1)). The best synthesis of anthraquinones (AQs) (1205 mg/100 g of total AQ aglycones) was in the shoots, which were grown on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D (0.1 mg l(-1))

The effect of plant growth regulators on centaury (Centaurium erythraea Rafn) seeds germination

Centaury seeds are light-requiring. Long-term red light irradiation caused more than 80% of seeds to germinate. Seeds did not germinate in darkness. Gibberellic acid and GA7 can replace light, but N-substituted phtalimide AC 94,377 was ineffective. Light-induced germination was inhibited by abscisic acid and growth retardants such as ancymidol, tetcyclacis, and paclobutrazole. Growth retardant-caused inhibition can be overcome by the addition of gibberellic acid.Klijanje semena kičice je zavisno od svetlosti. Dugotrajno osvetljavanje crvenom svetlošću dovodi do klijanja preko 80% semena. Semena ne klijaju u mraku. Giberelna kiselina i GA7 zamenjuju potrebu za svetlošću dok je N substituisani ftalimid AC 94,377 neefikasan. Klijanje indukovano svetlošću inhibiraju abscisinska kiselina i retardanti rastenja kao što su tetciklacis ancimidol i paklo-butrazol. Inhibicija klijanja izazvana retandantima može da se prevaziđe dodavanjem giberelina.Projekat ministarstva br. 169

Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and Antiradical Properties of the Essential Oils of Seseli globiferum Fruits

The chemical composition and antimicrobial and antiradical activities of the essential oils isolated from unripe and ripe fruits of S. globiferum Vis. (Apiaceae) have been determined. The most abundant constituent in the essential oils of unripe and ripe fruits was sabinene (53.1% and 65.3%), followed by gamma-terpinene (7.7% and 6.6%), alpha-pinene (7.2% and 4.4%), and beta-phellandrene (5.0% and 4.9%). Antibacterial and antifungal properties of these oils were evaluated using a modified microdilution technique. Scavenging activity was determined by the DPPH radical assay. The essential oils exhibited significant antimicrobial, but low antiradical activity

The effect of Nepeta rtanjensis essential oil on test micromycetes mycelia growth

The antifungal activity of Nepeta rtanjensis Diklić et Milojević essential oil on mycelia growth has been performed by macrodilution method. The most efficient impact of N. rtanjensis essential oil on mycelia growth in vitro was found in Alternaria species with the same value of minimal inhibitory quantity (MIQ) of 0.6 μl/ml. Bipolaris spicifera and Cladosporium cladosporoioides had MIQ values of 1.0 μl/ml whereas Trichoderma viride with MIQ value of 1.6 μl/ml showed the most efficient defense against the essential oil examined. The values of minimal fungicidal quantity (MFQ) in Alternaria sp. 2, B. spicifera and C. cladosporioides match the MIQ values whereas MFQ values in Alternaria sp. 1 is 0.8 μl/ml, and in T. viride 1.8 μl/ml.Makrodilucionom metodom testiran je uticaj etarskog ulja endemične biljke Nepeta rtanjensis (Lamiaceae) na micelijalni rast mikromiceta: Alternaria sp. 1, Alternaria sp. 2, Bipolaris spicifera, Cladosporium cladosporioides i Trichoderma viride. Hemijska analiza etarskog ulja N. rtanjensis pokazala je apsolutnu dominaciju 4aα, 7α, 7aβ nepetalaktona (79.89%). Najefikasniji uticaj na rast micelije in vitro zabeležen je kod vrsta roda Alternaria sa istom vrednošću minimalne inhibitorne količine (MIK) od 0.6 μl/ml. Bipolaris spicifera i Cladosporium cladosporioides su imali MIK 1.0 μl/ml, dok je Trichoderma viride, sa vrednošću MIK od 1.6 μl/ml, pokazala najveću otpornost na dejstvo ispitivanog ulja. Vrednosti minimalne fungicidne količine (MFK) se kod Alternaria sp. 2 (0.6 μl/ml), B. spicifera (1.0 μl/ml) i C. cladosporioides (1.0 μl/ml) poklapaju sa vrednostima MIK, dok je kod Alternaria sp. 1 MFK 0.8 μl/ml, a kod T. viride 1.8 μl/ml. Etarsko ulje N. rtanjensis pokazalo je jako antifungalno dejstvo na rast micelije testiranih mikromiceta.nul

The effect of plant growth regulators on centaury (Centaurium erythraea Rafn) seeds germination

Centaury seeds are light-requiring. Long-term red light irradiation caused more than 80% of seeds to germinate. Seeds did not germinate in darkness. Gibberellic acid and GA7 can replace light, but N-substituted phtalimide AC 94,377 was ineffective. Light-induced germination was inhibited by abscisic acid and growth retardants such as ancymidol, tetcyclacis, and paclobutrazole. Growth retardant-caused inhibition can be overcome by the addition of gibberellic acid.Klijanje semena kičice je zavisno od svetlosti. Dugotrajno osvetljavanje crvenom svetlošću dovodi do klijanja preko 80% semena. Semena ne klijaju u mraku. Giberelna kiselina i GA7 zamenjuju potrebu za svetlošću dok je N substituisani ftalimid AC 94,377 neefikasan. Klijanje indukovano svetlošću inhibiraju abscisinska kiselina i retardanti rastenja kao što su tetciklacis ancimidol i paklo-butrazol. Inhibicija klijanja izazvana retandantima može da se prevaziđe dodavanjem giberelina.Projekat ministarstva br. 169

The counteracting effect of potassium cyanide in sodium azide-inhibited germination of Paulownia tomentosa Steud. seeds

The effect of some respiratory inhibitors on light-induced Paulownia tomentosa Steud. seed germination was studied. Millimolar solution of sodium azide was sufficient to completely prevent germination induced by a 5-min red light pulse. The inhibitory effect of azide was absent if seeds were rinsed before phytochrome activation by light. Sodium azide was effective only if present in the period of Pfr activity. The escape time from azide inhibition compared to the escape from far-red light action, was delayed for about 24 hours. When azide was applied after phytochrome activation, its effect depended on how long it was present in the incubation medium. The removal of azide allowed full restoration of germination by another red light pulse and the far-red escape time did not differ from the escape of untreated, i.e. water-imbibed seeds. Potassium cyanide alone did not produce any effect in light-stimulated germination of these seeds. However, it counteracted the inhibitory effect of azide in light-stimulated germination, if applied simultaneously at a concentration three times higher.Ispitivan je efekat nekih inhibitora disanja na klijanje svetlošću indukovanih semena Paulownia tomentosa. Potpuna inhibicija klijanja, koje je indukovano sa 5 minuta crvene svetlosti, mogla je da se postigne već milimolarnim rastvorom natrijum azida. Inhibitorni efekat azida je izostajao ako se semena isperu pre aktiviranja fitohroma osvetljavanjem. Natrijum azid je bio efektivan samo ako je prisutan u semenima u periodu aktivnosti Pfr. Vreme za koje semena izbegavaju inhibitorni efekat azida je odloženo za oko 24 časa u poređenju sa istim za inhibitorno delovanje tamno crvene svetlosti. Kada se azid odstrani, dodatni puls crvene svetlosti dovodi do potpunog obnavljanja sposobnosti za maksimalno klijanje, a vreme za koje semena izbegavaju inhibitorni efekat crvene svetlosti se ne razlikuje od istog kod netretiranih semena, tj. onih koji su inbibirala u vodi. Kalijum cijanid nema nikakav uticaj na klijanje semena indukovanih svetlošću. Međutim, ako se kalijum cijanid primeni simultano sa natrijum azidom, u tri puta većoj koncentraciji, on sprečava inhibitorni efekat natrijum azida na klijanje indukovano svetlošću.Projekat ministarstva br. 169

Antifungal activity of Nepeta rtanjensis essential oil

The chemical composition and antifungal activity of the essential oil of an endemic Serbian plant Nepeta rtanjensis Diklić & Milojević was studied. The essential oil was isolated from cultivated plants. Inhibition of mycelia growth of five micromycetes, two Alternaria species originally isolated from N. rtanjensis, Cladosporium cladosporoides, Trichoderma viride and Bipolaris spicifera, were tested using the agar dilution method. The essential oil of N. rtanjensis, the main component of which was 4aα,7α,7αβ-nepetalactone, showed strong antifungal activity against all the tested micromycetes. The minimum inhibitory concentration of N. rtanjensis essential oil ranged from 0.6 to 1.4 μg mL-1. The fungi most sensitive to the tested oil were Alternaria species, while Trichoderma viride was the most resistant.U ovom radu prezentovan je hemijski sastav i antifungalna aktivnost etarskog ulja endemične biljke Nepeta rtanjensis Diklić & Milojević. Etarsko ulje je izolovano iz kultivisanih biljaka. Inhibicija micelijalnog rasta pet mikromiceta, dve vrste roda Alternaria, izolovane sa N. rtanjensis, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Trichoderma viride i Bipolaris spicifera, testirana je makrodilucionom metodom. Etarsko ulje N. rtanjensis, čija je glavna komponenta 4aα,7α,7aβ-nepetalakton pokazuje jaku antifungalnu aktivnost u odnosu na sve testirane mikromicete. Minimalna inhibitorna koncentracija (MIC) etaskog ulja bila je u rasponu od 0,6 μg mL-1 do 1,4 μg mL-1. Najveću osetljivost na testirano ulje pokazale su vrste roda Alternaria dok je Trichoderma viride bila najotpornija.Projekat ministarstva br. 143041

The effect of Nepeta rtanjensis essential oil on test micromycetes mycelia growth

The antifungal activity of Nepeta rtanjensis Diklić et Milojević essential oil on mycelia growth has been performed by macrodilution method. The most efficient impact of N. rtanjensis essential oil on mycelia growth in vitro was found in Alternaria species with the same value of minimal inhibitory quantity (MIQ) of 0.6 μl/ml. Bipolaris spicifera and Cladosporium cladosporoioides had MIQ values of 1.0 μl/ml whereas Trichoderma viride with MIQ value of 1.6 μl/ml showed the most efficient defense against the essential oil examined. The values of minimal fungicidal quantity (MFQ) in Alternaria sp. 2, B. spicifera and C. cladosporioides match the MIQ values whereas MFQ values in Alternaria sp. 1 is 0.8 μl/ml, and in T. viride 1.8 μl/ml.Makrodilucionom metodom testiran je uticaj etarskog ulja endemične biljke Nepeta rtanjensis (Lamiaceae) na micelijalni rast mikromiceta: Alternaria sp. 1, Alternaria sp. 2, Bipolaris spicifera, Cladosporium cladosporioides i Trichoderma viride. Hemijska analiza etarskog ulja N. rtanjensis pokazala je apsolutnu dominaciju 4aα, 7α, 7aβ nepetalaktona (79.89%). Najefikasniji uticaj na rast micelije in vitro zabeležen je kod vrsta roda Alternaria sa istom vrednošću minimalne inhibitorne količine (MIK) od 0.6 μl/ml. Bipolaris spicifera i Cladosporium cladosporioides su imali MIK 1.0 μl/ml, dok je Trichoderma viride, sa vrednošću MIK od 1.6 μl/ml, pokazala najveću otpornost na dejstvo ispitivanog ulja. Vrednosti minimalne fungicidne količine (MFK) se kod Alternaria sp. 2 (0.6 μl/ml), B. spicifera (1.0 μl/ml) i C. cladosporioides (1.0 μl/ml) poklapaju sa vrednostima MIK, dok je kod Alternaria sp. 1 MFK 0.8 μl/ml, a kod T. viride 1.8 μl/ml. Etarsko ulje N. rtanjensis pokazalo je jako antifungalno dejstvo na rast micelije testiranih mikromiceta.nul

Antifungal activity of Nepeta rtanjensis essential oil

The chemical composition and antifungal activity of the essential oil of an endemic Serbian plant Nepeta rtanjensis Diklić & Milojević was studied. The essential oil was isolated from cultivated plants. Inhibition of mycelia growth of five micromycetes, two Alternaria species originally isolated from N. rtanjensis, Cladosporium cladosporoides, Trichoderma viride and Bipolaris spicifera, were tested using the agar dilution method. The essential oil of N. rtanjensis, the main component of which was 4aα,7α,7αβ-nepetalactone, showed strong antifungal activity against all the tested micromycetes. The minimum inhibitory concentration of N. rtanjensis essential oil ranged from 0.6 to 1.4 μg mL-1. The fungi most sensitive to the tested oil were Alternaria species, while Trichoderma viride was the most resistant.U ovom radu prezentovan je hemijski sastav i antifungalna aktivnost etarskog ulja endemične biljke Nepeta rtanjensis Diklić & Milojević. Etarsko ulje je izolovano iz kultivisanih biljaka. Inhibicija micelijalnog rasta pet mikromiceta, dve vrste roda Alternaria, izolovane sa N. rtanjensis, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Trichoderma viride i Bipolaris spicifera, testirana je makrodilucionom metodom. Etarsko ulje N. rtanjensis, čija je glavna komponenta 4aα,7α,7aβ-nepetalakton pokazuje jaku antifungalnu aktivnost u odnosu na sve testirane mikromicete. Minimalna inhibitorna koncentracija (MIC) etaskog ulja bila je u rasponu od 0,6 μg mL-1 do 1,4 μg mL-1. Najveću osetljivost na testirano ulje pokazale su vrste roda Alternaria dok je Trichoderma viride bila najotpornija.Projekat ministarstva br. 143041

Radomir M Konjevic (1 August 1946-22 July 2006)

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